scholarly journals PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF MEDICATION IMPACT ON BEHAVIOUR AND LEARNING IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION/DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e35-e35
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Lemay ◽  
Julie-Anne Lemay ◽  
Hanna Kubas
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often negatively impacts behaviour, cognition, and learning. Stimulant medications are the most commonly used treatment for ADHD, with informant reports (e.g., parent questionnaires, surveys) frequently used to evaluate medication impact on behavioural and academic functioning in affected children. OBJECTIVES To determine parental perceptions of medication impact on behaviour and learning in a long-acting methylphenidate (LA-MPH) trial of their children with ADHD. DESIGN/METHODS A randomized controlled LA-MPH medication trial was conducted with children ages 8–12 with a diagnosis of ADHD. Trial began with one-week of baseline assessment, followed by a randomized three-week standard of care medication trial, and a one-week best dose assessment. Following the conclusion of the study (6 months to 2 years’ range post-treatment), families were asked to participate in a voluntary follow-up phone survey to evaluate parental perceptions on child’s behaviour and learning. RESULTS A total of 34/42 (81%) families participated (male to female ratio: 2.1/1). At the time of the follow-up survey, 53% (18/34) and 68% (23/34) of patients were having “difficulty” or “significant difficulty” with their behaviour and learning, respectively. Twenty-three patients (68%) were still on psycho-stimulant medications. Although parents of those 23 children said LA-MPH had in general “significant” or “very significant” impact on their child’s behaviour (87%) and learning (79%), these parents were still reporting challenges with behaviour (52%) and learning (61%) at follow-up. In addition, parents of children not on medication said that their current child’s behaviour and learning was still having the same or more challenging issues (82% and 73% respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, parents reported that medication significantly impacted their child’s behaviour and learning; however, long-term medication impact appears less effective. Thus, an ongoing relationship with families and paediatricians is recommended to better understand the impact of medication on behaviour and learning. Evaluating the effects of medication on behaviour and learning may ultimately lead to targeted intervention that help foster long-term treatment efficacy for children with ADHD.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
The Impact

The book provides a comprehensive summary of the best known and most highly respected well-controlled long-term prospective follow-up studies in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These studies followed children with ADHD and matched controls into young adulthood (mean age 20–25 years) and middle age (mean age 41 years). They explore a wide variety of clinically relevant outcome areas, such as education, occupation, emotional and psychiatric functioning, substance use and abuse, sexual behavior, and legal problems. One chapter focuses particularly on the outcome of girls with ADHD. The book also explores possible predictors of adult outcome. A whole chapter is devoted to treatment (medication and psychosocial) as a predictor of outcome. In addition to treatment, predictors explored include characteristics of the child (e.g., IQ, severity of initial ADHD symptoms, initial comorbidity) and characteristics of the family (e.g., socioeconomic status, single parenthood, parental pathology, and family functioning). A summary chapter explores the impact and importance of these predictors in various outcome areas, such as education, occupation, emotional/social functioning, antisocial behavior, substance use and abuse, and risky sexual and driving behaviors. Professionals and the general public will come away with a clear view of what can happen to children with ADHD as they proceed through adolescence and adulthood. The book also addresses important prognostic and predictive factors in treatment approaches to ensure better long-term outcome in patients with ADHD.

The Impact of Copper in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Mihail Silviu Tudosie ◽  
Elena Truta ◽  
Ana Maria Davitoiu ◽  
Luminita Stanciulescu ◽  
George Jinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Health State ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

During one year (september 2013 � september 2014), 50 children from the residential institution for children SOS Satele Copiilor Bucharest, where included in our research. The children were distributed in two groups: Group A which consisted of 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys) who were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Group B which consisted of 25 children (14 boys, 11 girls) who were diagnosed with ADHD. Initially, the two groups were subjected at a psycho-diagnostic battery of tests, one of them being the Evaluating the Health State of children with ADHD questionnaire elaborated by us, particularly for this research, with the purpose of highlighting the direct link between the children health state and their ADHD symptoms. This study sought to determine the concentration of copper in urine samples from a group of children with ADHD and a group of normal children, to highlight the role of copper in the development of ADHD symptoms. Levels of copper concentration in urine samples from the two groups were processed by Student�s t-Test. Statistical analysis showed that the arithmetic averages of copper concentration in urine samples, of the two groups do not differ significantly, so copper may be causing ADHD symptoms occur. The copper content in urine samples has been determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace.

scholarly journals Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With ADHD During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472097854
Author(s):  
Emma Sciberras ◽  
Pooja Patel ◽  
Mark A. Stokes ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
Christel M. Middeldorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Family Time ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Parents of 213 Australian children (5–17 years) with ADHD completed a survey in May 2020 when COVID-19 restrictions were in place (i.e., requiring citizens to stay at home except for essential reasons). Results: Compared to pre-pandemic, children had less exercise (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.4; 95% CI 0.3–0.6), less outdoor time (OR = 0.4; 95% 0.3–0.6), and less enjoyment in activities (OR = 6.5; 95% CI 4.0–10.4), while television (OR = 4.0; 95% CI 2.5–6.5), social media (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.3–4.5), gaming (OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.3–3.0), sad/depressed mood (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.8), and loneliness (OR = 3.6; 95% CI 2.3–5.5) were increased. Child stress about COVID-19 restrictions was associated with poorer functioning across most domains. Most parents (64%) reported positive changes for their child including more family time. Conclusions: COVID-19 restrictions were associated with both negative and positive impacts among children with ADHD.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An introduction

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Fred Gravestock
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
School Counsellors ◽  
Classroom Behaviour ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Home And School

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of numerous explanations for ongoing behaviour disturbance in children both at home and school. With an incidence rate of between 5% and 10% in the general population, it accounts for a significant percentage of patients presented at child guidance facilities. It is a pervasive and chronic developmental disorder as apparent from its natural course. Treatment, while effective in the short-term, has limited impact on the long-term prospects for these children. Current research in multi-modal, long-term treatment is however producing more positive results. Presentation of research findings on the classroom behaviour of ADHD are followed by consideration of several methods for assessing the disorder. The paper concludes with a brief outline of the role teachers, guidance officers and school counsellors can play in this major childhood disorder.

Service use in children aged 6–8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Efron ◽  
Olga Moisuc ◽  
Vicki McKenzie ◽  
Emma Sciberras
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis study investigated prevalence, types and predictors of professional service use in families of children identified with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the community.DesignSetting: children with ADHD were identified through 43 schools using parent and teacher screening questionnaires (Conners 3 ADHD Index) followed by case confirmation using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. Parents completed a survey about professional service use in the last 12 months. Main outcome measures: data on variables potentially associated with service use were collected from parents (interview and questionnaires), teachers (questionnaires) and children (direct assessment). Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of service use in univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsThe sample comprised 179 children aged 6–8 years with ADHD. Over one-third (37%) had not received professional services in the last 12 months. The strongest predictors of service use were older child age (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.9, p=0.05), and the degree to which the child's behaviour impacted on the family (adjusted OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.3, p=0.007), after controlling for ADHD subtype and severity, externalising comorbidities, academic achievement and parent-reported impairment.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of children with ADHD are not accessing professional services. Our findings suggest that the child's age and the impact of the child's behaviour on the family are the strongest predictors of service use. Given the demonstrated benefits from various interventions in ADHD, there is a need to improve case identification and referral for services.

Clinical considerations for the management of pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 362-369
Author(s):  
Dustin Linn ◽  
Andrea Murray ◽  
Thomas Smith ◽  
David Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
English Language ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic health condition presenting with symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in early childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Many patients will persist with associated symptoms throughout their life and may require long term treatment to maintain adequate control. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the current literature in regards to diagnosis, treatment, and management of ADHD in the pediatric and adolescent population. Methods: A search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Ovid, and CINHAL with a focus on studies and reviews in the English language from 2008 – 2013, featuring pediatric/adolescent patients across the ages of 4–17 years using the terms: “management”, “attention-deficit”, “hyperactivity”, and “treatment.” Literature referenced prior to the five-year time frame outlined herein provided foundational information on diagnostics and medications. Discussion: Stimulants, in conjunction with behavioral therapy, are standard first line treatments used in ADHD. While stimulant medications have been shown to be effective in treating symptoms associated with ADHD, there are a variety of concerns that may prevent their use. These concerns are related to adverse consequences, many of which are not supported by concrete evidence. Other pharmacotherapy options such as norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are typically reserved as second line options. The use of novel and emerging complementary therapies will also be explored. Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with ADHD must be thoroughly evaluated when making decisions regarding treatment. Many studies and reviews support the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in treatment of ADHD; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding long-term safety of the medications. Further research is warranted to evaluate current treatment options and associated risks and benefits to guide the clinician in optimal management of these patients.

Longer term effects of stimulant treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cooperative Group ◽  
First Line ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Behavioral Treatments ◽  
Stimulant Medications

Of pharmacological options available for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), stimulant medications are the most studied, the most commonly used, the most effective, and the first-line choice for treatment. Evidence of the short-term efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH) and other stimulants as well as behavioral treatments in the management of symptoms of ADHD is abundant. This paper reviews therapeutic trials with a duration or follow-up period of 12 months or more and evaluates the longer term outcomes of available treatments for ADHD. The trials were reported by lalongo et al. (1993), Horn et al. (1991), Schachar, Tannock, Cunningham, and Corkum (1997), Gillberg et al. (1997), Hechtman and Abikoff (1995), and the National Institute of Mental Health (MTA Cooperative Group, 1999a, 1999b).

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