Identification of a Tri-Iron(III), Tri-Citrate Complex in the Xylem Sap of Iron-Deficient Tomato Resupplied with Iron: New Insights into Plant Iron Long-Distance Transport

Abstract Cytokinins are one of the most important phytohormones and play essential roles in multiple life processes in planta. Root-derived cytokinins are transported to the shoots via long-distance transport. The mechanisms of long-distance transport of root-derived cytokinins remain to be demonstrated. In this study, we report that OsABCG18, a half-size ATP-binding cassette transporter from rice (Oryza sativa L.), is essential for the long-distance transport of root-derived cytokinins. OsABCG18 encodes a plasma membrane protein and is primarily expressed in the vascular tissues of the root, stem, and leaf midribs. Cytokinin profiling, as well as [14C]trans-zeatin tracer, and xylem sap assays, demonstrated that the shootward transport of root-derived cytokinins was significantly suppressed in the osabcg18 mutants. Transport assays in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) indicated that OsABCG18 exhibited efflux transport activities for various substrates of cytokinins. While the mutation reduced root-derived cytokinins in the shoot and grain yield, overexpression of OsABCG18 significantly increased cytokinins in the shoot and improved grain yield. The findings for OsABCG18 as a transporter for long-distance transport of cytokinin provide new insights into the cytokinin transport mechanism and a novel strategy to increase cytokinins in the shoot and promote grain yield.

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The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119867 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 632-635

Author(s):

James Cronshaw

Keyword(s):

Structural Studies ◽

High Concentration ◽

Long Distance ◽

Phloem Tissue ◽

Sieve Elements ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

P Protein ◽

Companion Cells ◽

Electron Microscopical ◽

Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Brassinosteroids do not undergo long-distance transport in pea. Implications for the regulation of endogenous brassinosteroid levels.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1020575.237428 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Kehr

Keyword(s):

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Distance Transport

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Brassinosteroids do not undergo long-distance transport in pea. Implications for the regulation of endogenous brassinosteroid levels.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1020575.235480 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Seth J Davis

Keyword(s):

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Distance Transport

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Passive phloem loading and long-distance transport in a synthetic tree-on-a-chip.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727423375.793539811 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

John Patrick

Keyword(s):

Phloem Loading ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Distance Transport

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of RNA Granules Hitchhike on Lysosomes for Long-Distance Transport, Using Annexin A11 as a Molecular Tether.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.736626275.793565569 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Giampietro Schiavo ◽

Sunaina Surana

Keyword(s):

Long Distance ◽

Rna Granules ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Annexin A11 ◽

Distance Transport

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Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1689

Author(s):

Tomasz Neumann

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Time Cost ◽

Topsis Method ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

The Subject ◽

Transport Analysis ◽

Multi Criteria Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Distance Transport

The subject of the article is a comparative long-distance transport analysis based on the relationship between central and eastern China and Poland. It provides an overview of issues related to long-haul China–Poland. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed in the multi-criteria analysis. This method was briefly discussed, and its choice was justified. Then, the criteria adopted in the analysis were presented, i.e., time, cost, maximum number of containers, and ecology index. Multi-criteria analysis was carried out for three cases: the transport of one loading unit, 82 loading units, and 200 loading units. The geopolitical and operational situation on the transport route for the analyzed modes of transport was discussed.

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Selecting sorting centres to avoid long distance transport of weaned beef calves

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79844-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

T. Morel-Journel ◽

E. Vergu ◽

J.-B. Mercier ◽

N. Bareille ◽

P. Ezanno

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Historical Record ◽

Management Tool ◽

Long Distance ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

And Performance ◽

Distance Transport ◽

French Beef ◽

General Concern

AbstractThe transport of weaned calves from cow–calf producers to fatteners is a general concern for the young bull industry due to its documented negative impact on the welfare, health and performance of the animals. These transfers are often managed by intermediaries who transport weaned calves to sorting centres, where they are grouped into batches before being sent to fattening units. In this study, we present an algorithm to limiting these transfer distances by appropriately selecting the sorting centre through which they must go. We tested the effectiveness of this algorithm on historical data from a French beef producer organization managing 136,892 transfers using 13 sorting centres. The results show a decrease in the transfer distances compared to the historical record, especially for the calves travelling over long distances (− 76 km, i.e. 18% on average for the 33% longest transfers). Moreover, the distribution of calves between the sorting centres proposed by the algorithm reveals differences in their efficiency in minimizing transfer distances. In addition to its usefulness as a management tool for the daily transport of cattle, this algorithm provides prospects for improving the management of the sorting centres themselves.

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