scholarly journals Inhibition of Pre-mRNA Splicing Promotes Root Hair Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1974-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miku Ishizawa ◽  
Kayo Hashimoto ◽  
Misato Ohtani ◽  
Ryosuke Sano ◽  
Yukio Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Hair Development

Abstract Root hairs protruding from epidermal cells increase the surface area for water absorption and nutrient uptake. Various environmental factors including light, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, calcium and mycorrhizal associations promote root hair formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Light regulates the expression of a large number of genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels; however, there is little information linking the light response to root hair development. In this study, we describe a novel mutant, light-sensitive root-hair development 1 (lrh1), that displays enhanced root hair development in response to light. Hypocotyl and root elongation was inhibited in the lrh1 mutant, which had a late flowering phenotype. We identified the gene encoding the p14 protein, a putative component of the splicing factor 3b complex essential for pre-mRNA splicing, as being responsible for the lrh1 phenotype. Indeed, regulation of alternative splicing was affected in lrh1 mutants and treatment with a splicing inhibitor mimicked the lrh1 phenotype. Genome-wide alterations in pre-mRNA splicing patterns including differential splicing events of light signaling- and circadian clock-related genes were found in lrh1 as well as a difference in transcriptional regulation of multiple genes including upregulation of essential genes for root hair development. These results suggest that pre-mRNA splicing is the key mechanism regulating root hair development in response to light signals.

scholarly journals Root hair specification and its growth in response to nutrients

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12258
Author(s):  
Xian HUANG ◽  
Tianzhi GONG ◽  
Mei LI ◽  
Cenghong HU ◽  
Dejian ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Calcium Iron

Plant root hairs are cylindrical tubular projections from root epidermal cells. They increase the root surface area, which is important for the acquisition of water and nutrients, microbe interactions, and plant anchorage. The root hair specification, the effect of root hairs on nutrient acquisition and the mechanisms of nutrients (calcium, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) that affect root hair development and growth were reviewed. The gene regulatory network on root hair specification in the plant kingdom was highlighted. More work is needed to clone the genes of additional root hair mutants and elucidate their roles, as well as undertaking reverse genetics and mutant complementation studies to add to the current knowledge of the signaling networks, which are involved in root hair development and growth regulated by nutrients.

scholarly journals Root hairs are the most important root trait for rhizosheath formation of barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays) and Lotus japonicus (Gifu)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Burak ◽  
John N Quinton ◽  
Ian C Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Hair Development

Abstract Background and Aims Rhizosheaths are defined as the soil adhering to the root system after it is extracted from the ground. Root hairs and mucilage (root exudates) are key root traits involved in rhizosheath formation, but to better understand the mechanisms involved their relative contributions should be distinguished. Methods The ability of three species [barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays) and Lotus japonicus (Gifu)] to form a rhizosheath in a sandy loam soil was compared with that of their root-hairless mutants [bald root barley (brb), maize root hairless 3 (rth3) and root hairless 1 (Ljrhl1)]. Root hair traits (length and density) of wild-type (WT) barley and maize were compared along with exudate adhesiveness of both barley and maize genotypes. Furthermore, root hair traits and exudate adhesiveness from different root types (axile versus lateral) were compared within the cereal species. Key Results Per unit root length, rhizosheath size diminished in the order of barley > L. japonicus > maize in WT plants. Root hairs significantly increased rhizosheath formation of all species (3.9-, 3.2- and 1.8-fold for barley, L. japonicus and maize, respectively) but there was no consistent genotypic effect on exudate adhesiveness in the cereals. While brb exudates were more and rth3 exudates were less adhesive than their respective WTs, maize rth3 bound more soil than barley brb. Although both maize genotypes produced significantly more adhesive exudate than the barley genotypes, root hair development of WT barley was more extensive than that of WT maize. Thus, the greater density of longer root hairs in WT barley bound more soil than WT maize. Root type did not seem to affect rhizosheath formation, unless these types differed in root length. Conclusions When root hairs were present, greater root hair development better facilitated rhizosheath formation than root exudate adhesiveness. However, when root hairs were absent root exudate adhesiveness was a more dominant trait.

Salt-induced plasticity of root hair development is caused by ion disequilibrium in Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youning Wang ◽  
Wensheng Zhang ◽  
Kexue Li ◽  
Feifei Sun ◽  
Chunyu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Hair Development

scholarly journals Importin-β From the Recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor Enhances Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by Reducing Root Hair Development and Abscisic Acid Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyu Xu ◽  
Xiangmei Jiao ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Haonan Zhang ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Limonium Bicolor ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Aba Sensitivity ◽  
Hair Development

AimsTo elucidate the genetics underlying salt tolerance in recretohalophytes and assess its relevance to non-halophytes, we cloned the Limonium bicolor homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) SUPER SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2 (AtSAD2) and named it LbSAD2, an importin-β gene associated with trichome initiation and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity, and then we assessed the heterologously expressed LbSAD2 in Arabidopsis.MethodsWe examined LbSAD2 expression and assessed the effect of heterologous LbSAD2 expression in Arabidopsis on root hair/trichome induction; the expression levels of possible related genes in trichome/root hair development; some physiological parameters involved in salt tolerance including germination rate, root length, and contents of Na+, proline, and malondialdehyde; and the response of ABA at the germination stage.ResultsThe LbSAD2 gene is highly expressed in the salt gland development stage and salt treatment, especially located in the salt gland by in situ hybridization, and the LbSAD2 protein contains some special domains compared with AtSAD2, which may suggest the involvement of LbSAD2 in salt tolerance. Compared with the SAD2/GL1 mutant CS65878, which lacks trichomes, CS65878-35S:LbSAD2 had higher trichome abundance but lower root hair abundance. Under 100 mM NaCl treatment, CS65878-35S:LbSAD2 showed enhanced germination and root lengths; improved physiological parameters, including high proline and low contents of Na+ and malondialdehyde; higher expression of the salt-tolerance genes Δ1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHETASE 1 (P5CS1) and GST CLASS TAU 5 (GSTU5); reduced ABA sensitivity; and increased expression of the ABA signaling genes RESPONSIVE TO ABA 18 (RAB18) and SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (SRK2E), but not of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3).ConclusionLbSAD2 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by specifically reducing root hair development, Na+ accumulation, and ABA sensitivity.

EIN3 and RSL4 interfere with an MYB–bHLH–WD40 complex to mediate ethylene-induced ectopic root hair formation in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (51) ◽  
pp. e2110004118
Author(s):  
Yuping Qiu ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Ying Feng ◽  
Zhina Xiao ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Root Hair Formation ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Transcriptional Complex ◽  
Hair Formation

The alternating cell specifications of root epidermis to form hair cells or nonhair cells in Arabidopsis are determined by the expression level of GL2, which is activated by an MYB–bHLH–WD40 (WER–GL3–TTG1) transcriptional complex. The phytohormone ethylene (ET) has a unique effect of inducing N-position epidermal cells to form root hairs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ET-induced ectopic root hair development remain enigmatic. Here, we show that ET promotes ectopic root hair formation through down-regulation of GL2 expression. ET-activated transcription factors EIN3 and its homolog EIL1 mediate this regulation. Molecular and biochemical analyses further revealed that EIN3 physically interacts with TTG1 and interferes with the interaction between TTG1 and GL3, resulting in reduced activation of GL2 by the WER–GL3–TTG1 complex. Furthermore, we found through genetic analysis that the master regulator of root hair elongation, RSL4, which is directly activated by EIN3, also participates in ET-induced ectopic root hair development. RSL4 negatively regulates the expression of GL2, likely through a mechanism similar to that of EIN3. Therefore, our work reveals that EIN3 may inhibit gene expression by affecting the formation of transcription-activating protein complexes and suggests an unexpected mutual inhibition between the hair elongation factor, RSL4, and the hair specification factor, GL2. Overall, this study provides a molecular framework for the integration of ET signaling and intrinsic root hair development pathway in modulating root epidermal cell specification.

scholarly journals The karrikin signaling regulator SMAX1 controlsLotus japonicusroot and root hair development by suppressing ethylene biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21757-21765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Carbonnel ◽  
Debatosh Das ◽  
Kartikye Varshney ◽  
Markus C. Kolodziej ◽  
José A. Villaécija-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Developmental Responses

An evolutionarily ancient plant hormone receptor complex comprising the α/β-fold hydrolase receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) and the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) mediates a range of developmental responses to smoke-derived butenolides called karrikins (KARs) and to yet elusive endogenous KAI2 ligands (KLs). Degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) after ligand perception is considered to be a key step in KAR/KL signaling. However, molecular events which regulate plant development downstream of SMAX1 removal have not been identified. Here we show thatLotus japonicusSMAX1 is specifically degraded in the presence of KAI2 and MAX2 and plays an important role in regulating root and root hair development.smax1mutants display very short primary roots and elongated root hairs. Their root transcriptome reveals elevated ethylene responses and expression ofACC Synthase 7(ACS7), which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis.smax1mutants release increased amounts of ethylene and their root phenotype is rescued by treatment with ethylene biosynthesis and signaling inhibitors. KAR treatment inducesACS7expression in a KAI2-dependent manner and root developmental responses to KAR treatment depend on ethylene signaling. Furthermore, inArabidopsis, KAR-induced root hair elongation depends onACS7. Thus, we reveal a connection between KAR/KL and ethylene signaling in which the KAR/KL signaling module (KAI2–MAX2–SMAX1) regulates the biosynthesis of ethylene to fine-tune root and root hair development, which are important for seedling establishment at the beginning of the plant life cycle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document