scholarly journals Examination of disease severity in systemic vasculitis from the novel perspective of damage using the vasculitis damage index (VDI)

Rheumatology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Exley ◽  
P. A. Bacon ◽  
R. A. Luqmani ◽  
G. D. Kitas ◽  
D. M. Carruthers ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1540.2-1540
Author(s):  
B. Ince ◽  
S. Artan ◽  
Y. Yalçinkaya ◽  
B. Artim-Esen ◽  
A. Gül ◽  
...  

Background:Development of organ damage is a major concern in patients with systemic vasculitis. Treatment may also contribute to this important outcome. Scoring systems has been developed to evaluate organ damage in systemic vasculitis and specifically for large vessel vasculitis (1).Objectives:We aimed to investigate permanent organ damage and determining factors in our giant cell arteritis GCA cohort.Methods:Organ damage detected at the time of diagnosis and / or follow-up and irreversible for at least 3 months in GCA patients followed up between 1998-2018 were recorded by using Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) and Vascular Vasculitis Damage Index (LVVID) fom patient records of our vasculitis clinic. In the statistical evaluation, chi-square, students t-test and logistic regression analysis were used.Results:Eighty-nine patients (64% women, mean age 67.9 ± 9.1) included in the study, the mean follow-up duration was 61.6 ± 58.6 months. All organ damage findings according to both VDI and LVVID are shown in table-1. In this cohort, cardiovascular damage items and diabetes mellitus were prevalent at baseline. At least one damage item was present in 53 (59,5%) according to VDI; 54 (%60,7) according to LVVID and agreement was high between two damage indices (kappa=0.97). Forty-seven of patients (52%) had a damage item presumably with contribution of GC treatment e.g. locomotor system findings, hypertension, diabetes and cataract; 12 (13,5%) had damage items related to disease (total or partial vision loss, ischemic optical neuropathy). Mean time to diagnosis after initial symptoms was longer in patients with permanent vision loss (10,2±4,3 vs. 5,2±1,2 months p=0.006). The presence of damage was associated with flares in univariate and multivariate analysis (29/54 vs. 2/35 p<0,001 OR=19 %95 GA 4,2– 87,9). All patients who had a flare during the first year (n = 15) developed signs of damage at follow-up. No association was found between the development of organ damage and the age of diagnosis, the time between first complaint and diagnosis, presence of cranial, ophthalmologic findings, PET-CT positivity, cumulative steroid dose, and DMARD use.Conclusion:In our study, permanent organ damage was analysed by using diffrerent indices. In this patient population baseline cardiovascular damage and diabetes mellitus were frequent as expected but information for osteoporosis was lacking. More than half of the patients had damage and significant part of the present items was considered due to corticosteroid treatment. The most common damage item developed was osteoporosis. There was a very good agreement between the two indices, despite few specific items in LVVID. The striking relationship of disease flare with damage and frequency of visual problems despite treatment indicate the necessity of new treatment strategies.References:[1]Kermani, T.A., et al.,Evaluation of damage in giant cell arteritis.Rheumatology (Oxford), 2018.57(2): p. 322-328.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Mendes Brito ◽  
Rodrigo da Silveira Vasconcelos ◽  
Felipe Mendonça de Santana ◽  
CARLOS EMILIO INSFRAN ECHAURI ◽  
Lorenza Rosa Silvério Scomparin ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Selvakumar Subbian

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has claimed 1.2 million people globally since December 2019. Although the host factors underpinning COVID-19 pathology are not fully understood, type I interferon (IFN-I) response is considered crucial for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Perturbations in IFN-I signaling and associated interferon-inducible genes (ISG) are among the primary disease severity indicators in COVID-19. Consequently, IFN-I therapy, either alone or in- combination with existing antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs, is tested in many ongoing clinical trials to reduce COVID-19 mortality. Since signaling by the IFN-I family of molecules regulates host immune response to other infectious and non-infectious diseases, any imbalance in this family of cytokines would impact the clinical outcome of COVID-19, as well as other co-existing diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the beneficial-versus-detrimental effects of IFN-I immunotherapy for COVID-19 patients with divergent disease severity and other co-existing conditions. This review article summarizes the role of IFN-I signaling in infectious and non-infectious diseases of humans. It highlights the precautionary measures to be considered before administering IFN-I to COVID-19 patients having other co-existing disorders. Finally, suggestions are proposed to improve IFN-I immunotherapy to COVID-19.


Author(s):  
М.В. Осиков ◽  
Е.В. Симонян ◽  
А.Е. Бакеева ◽  
Л.В. Астахова

Введение. Востребованным для лечения болезни Крона (БК) является разработка новых, обоснованных с патогенетических позиций и безопасных лекарственных средств преимущественно локального действия эндогенного или растительного происхождения. В этом отношении привлекает внимание экстракт корневищ Куркумы длинной (Curcuma longa), содержащий куркуминоидный комплекс, обладающий плейотропными эффектами. Ранее нами показано, что экстракт куркумы в составе суппозиториев при экспериментальной БК обладaет иммуномодулирующим и местным антиоксидантным действием, что предполагает влияние экстракта куркумы на морфологию очага повреждения в кишечнике при БК. Цель работы - изучение влияния экстракта куркумы в составе оригинальных ректальных суппозиториев на динамику морфологических изменений, экспрессию миелопероксидазы (МПО) и TNF-a в очаге повреждения толстого кишечника при экспериментальной БК. Методика. Эксперимент выполнен на 49 половозрелых крысах-самцах Wistar. БК моделировали введением per rectum спиртового раствора тринитробензосульфоновой кислоты (ТНБС). Оригинальные ректальные суппозитории массой 300 мг на основе полиэтиленгликолей различной молекулярной массы, содержащие 0,075 мг куркумина из экстракта корневищ Curcuma longa L., вводили per rectum каждые 12 ч в течение 7 сут. Клинический статус оценивали по модифицированной шкале Disease activity index (DAI). Морфометрически в стенке кишечника оценивали размер язвенного дефект, выраженность клеточной инфильтрации, рассчитывали индекс тканевого повреждения (tissue damage index, TDI), оценивали экспрессию МПО и TNF-α. Результаты. При экспериментальной БК на 3-и, 5-е и 7-е сут наблюдения в толстом кишечнике обнаруживались язвенные дефекты, выраженный отек тканей, плотная нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарная инифильтрации с примесью эозинофилов, плазмоцитов, гистиоцитов, фибробластов, наблюдалось формирование грануляционной ткани. Индекс тканевого повреждения возрастал, повышалась экспрессия МПО и TNF-α. Размер язвенных дефектов, выраженность инфильтрации, индекс тканевого повреждения соответствовали клинической картине и индексу DAI. Применение оригинальных ректальных суппозиториев с экстрактом куркумы (0,075 мг) приводит к снижению выраженности клинических и морфологических признаков заболевания, максимальный эффект отмечен на 5-е и 7-е сут наблюдения. Заключение. Установленные протекторные свойства куркумина в составе оригинальных ректальных суппозиториев при БК на доклиническом этапе расширяют современные представления о плейотропных эффектах экстракта куркумы и являются предпосылкой для проведения дальнейших исследований и внедрения новой лекарственной формы в клиническую практику. The development of safe, new, pathogenetically justified medicines, mainly with local effects and of endogenous or plant origin, is of great interest for treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD). In this regard, an extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa, containing a curcuminoid complex with pleiotropic effects, has attracted attention. We showed previously that having turmeric extract in suppositories for treatment of experimental CD would produce immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. This suggests that turmeric extract affects the morphology of the CD intestinal lesion. The aim of this work was to study the effect of turmeric extract in the composition of novel rectal suppositories on the morphology and expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TNF- α in colon lesions of experimental CD. Methods. Experiments were performed on 49 sexually mature male Wistar rats. CD was modeled by administration per rectum of an alcohol solution of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The newly formulated rectal suppositories weighing 300 mg and based on polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and containing 0.075 mg of curcumin obtained from Curcuma longa L. rhizome extract were administered per rectum every 12 hours for 7 days. The clinical status was assessed with the modified disease activity index (DAI) scale. The ulcer defect diameter, cell infiltration, tissue damage index (TDI), MPO expression, and TNF-α expression were evaluated. Results. In experimental CD on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of observation, a morphometric assessment of the lesion in the large intestine revealed the presence of ulcerative defects, edema, thick neutrophilic lymphocytic infiltration with an admixture of eosinophils, plasmocytes, histiocytes, fibroblasts, the formation of granulation tissue, increased TDI, and increased expression of MPO and TNF-α. The size of ulcerative defects, the degree of wall infiltration by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblasts were recorded. The TDI, the expression of MPO, and TNF-α were associated with the DAI. The use of the novel rectal suppositories produced a maximal effect on the 5th and 7th days of observation. The severity of clinical and morphological signs of the disease were reduced. These signs included ulcer size, TDI, intestinal wall infiltration with neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasmocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblasts, and expression of MPO and TNF-α. Conclusion. The results supplement available data on the pathogenesis, the role of the expression of MPO and TNF-α, and the morphology of the lesion in the clinical status in TNBS-induced CD in rats. The demonstrated, protective properties of curcumin in the composition of the novel rectal suppositories at the preclinical stage of CD expand modern understanding of the pleiotropic effects of turmeric extract and are a prerequisite for further research and the introduction of a new dosage form in clinical practice.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taejun Yoon ◽  
Jung Yoon Pyo ◽  
Sung Soo Ahn ◽  
Jason Jungsik Song ◽  
Yong-Beom Park ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Sharmila Dorbala ◽  
Katarina H. Nelson

This chapter highlights some of the novel clinical radionuclide imaging strategies beyond perfusion imaging including inflammatory diseases, infiltrative diseases and tumors. Targeted molecular imaging techniques to evaluate cardiac amyloidosis as well as myocardial and vascular inflammation are addressed. Clinical 18F-FDG imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis, cardiovascular prosthetic valve and device infections, systemic vasculitis, and tumors are discussed in detail. For each of these pathologies, a concise overview of the disease pathophysiology and management pertinent to understanding of imaging techniques is provided followed by details of imaging including radiotracers, imaging techniques and image interpretation with a reference to societal guidelines. The published data on the utility of radionuclide imaging tests to assess diagnosis, prognosis and to monitor response to therapy are discussed. Clinical scenarios and available societal recommendations on the use of imaging are illustrated. The strengths and limitations of radionuclide techniques are discussed in the context of a comparison to echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac CT and endomyocardial biopsy. Future directions in imaging and ongoing clinical trials in these areas are listed at the end of each section.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necla Benlier ◽  
Nevhiz Gundogdu ◽  
Mehtap Ozkur

Clinicians and researchers observing the natural history of endemic and epidemic infections have always been fascinated by the vagaries of these diseases, in terms of both the changing nature of the disease severity and phenotype over time and the variable susceptibility of hosts within exposed populations. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 and is believed to originate from bats, quickly transformed into a global pandemic. The pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing great threats to the global health in many aspects. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Comprehensive understanding of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with hosts is fundamentally important in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Advanced age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes and obesity have been identified as risk factors for more severe COVID-19. However, which and to what extent specific genetic factors may account for the predisposition of individuals to develop severe disease or to contract the infection remains elusive. The increasing availability of data from COVID-19 patient populations is allowing for potential associations to be established between specific gene loci and disease severity, susceptibility to infection, and response to current/future drugs.


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