scholarly journals Human Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection and Response to Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necla Benlier ◽  
Nevhiz Gundogdu ◽  
Mehtap Ozkur
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Clinicians and researchers observing the natural history of endemic and epidemic infections have always been fascinated by the vagaries of these diseases, in terms of both the changing nature of the disease severity and phenotype over time and the variable susceptibility of hosts within exposed populations. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 and is believed to originate from bats, quickly transformed into a global pandemic. The pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing great threats to the global health in many aspects. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Comprehensive understanding of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with hosts is fundamentally important in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Advanced age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes and obesity have been identified as risk factors for more severe COVID-19. However, which and to what extent specific genetic factors may account for the predisposition of individuals to develop severe disease or to contract the infection remains elusive. The increasing availability of data from COVID-19 patient populations is allowing for potential associations to be established between specific gene loci and disease severity, susceptibility to infection, and response to current/future drugs.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, and Virologic Features of COVID-19 Patients in Kazakhstan: a Nation-Wide, Retrospective, Cohort Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Yegorov ◽  
Maiya Goremykina ◽  
Raifa Ivanova ◽  
Sara V Good ◽  
Dmitriy Babenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Wbc Count

Background: The earliest coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases in Central Asia were announced in March 2020 by Kazakhstan. Despite the implementation of aggressive measures to curb infection spread, gaps remain in the understanding of the clinical and epidemiologic features of the regional pandemic. Methods: We did a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Kazakhstan between February and April 2020. We compared demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data of patients with different COVID-19 severities on admission. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with disease severity and death. Whole-genome SARS-CoV-2 analysis was performed in 53 patients without a recent history of international travel. Findings: Of the 1072 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in March-April 2020, the median age was 36 years (IQR 24-50) and 484 (45%) were male. On admission, 683 (64%) participants had mild, 341 (32%) moderate, and 47 (4%) severe-to-critical COVID-19 manifestation; 20 deaths (1.87%) were reported at study exit. Multivariable regression indicated increasing odds of severe disease associated with older age (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07, per year increase; p<0.001), the presence of comorbidities (2.13, 95% CI 1.07-4.23; p<0.031) and elevated white blood cell count (WBC, 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28; p<0.032) on admission, while older age (1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.12, per year increase; p<0.001) and male sex (5.97, 95% CI 1.95-18.32; p<0.002) were associated with increased odds of death. The Kazakhstan SARS-CoV-2 isolates grouped into seven distinct lineages O/B.4.1, S/A.2, S/B.1.1, G/B.1, GH/B.1.255, GH/B.1.3 and GR/B.1.1.10. Interpretation: Older age, comorbidities, increased WBC count, and male sex were risk factors for COVID-19 disease severity and mortality in Kazakhstan. The broad SARS-CoV-2 diversity suggests multiple importations and community-level amplification, likely predating the declaration of state emergency. Continuous epidemiologic and genomic surveillance may be critical for a better understanding of the regional COVID-19 dynamics.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Wang ◽  
Baolin Liao ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Chunliang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Older Age ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background The clinical manifestations and factors associated with the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections outside of Wuhan are not clearly understood. Methods All laboratory-confirmed cases with SARS-Cov-2 infection who were hospitalized and monitored in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital were recruited from January 20 to February 10. Results A total of 275 patients were included in this study. The median patient age was 49 years, and 63.6% had exposure to Wuhan. The median virus incubation period was 6 days. Fever (70.5%) and dry cough (56.0%) were the most common symptoms. A decreased albumin level was found in 51.3% of patients, lymphopenia in 33.5%, and pneumonia based on chest computed tomography in 86%. Approximately 16% of patients (n = 45) had severe disease, and there were no deaths. Compared with patients with nonsevere disease, those with severe disease were older, had a higher frequency of coexisting conditions and pneumonia, and had a shorter incubation period (all P &lt; .05). There were no differences between patients who likely contacted the virus in Wuhan and those who had no exposure to Wuhan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that older age, male sex, and decreased albumin level were independently associated with disease severity. Conclusions Most of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China are not severe cases and patients with older age, male, and decreased albumin level were more likely to develop into severe ones.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular drugs and COVID-19 clinical outcomes: a living systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent G Asiimwe ◽  
Sudeep Pushpakom ◽  
Richard M Turner ◽  
Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona ◽  
Andrea Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Drugs ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo continually evaluate the rapidly evolving evidence base on the role of cardiovascular drugs in COVID-19 clinical outcomes (susceptibility to infection, hospitalization, hospitalization length, disease severity, and all-cause mortality).DESIGNLiving systematic review and meta-analysis.DATA SOURCESEligible publications identified from >500 databases indexed through 31st July 2020 and additional studies from reference lists, with planned continual surveillance for at least two years.STUDY SELECTIONObservational and interventional studies that report on the association between cardiovascular drugs and COVID-19 clinical outcomes.DATA EXTRACTIONSingle-reviewer extraction and quality evaluation (using ROBINS-I), with half the records independently extracted and evaluated by a second reviewer.RESULTSOf 23,427 titles screened, 175 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The most reported drug classes were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) with ACEI/ARB exposure being associated with higher odds of testing positive for COVID-19 (pooled unadjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.30). Among patients with COVID-19, unadjusted estimates showed that ACEI/ARB exposure was associated with being hospitalized (OR 2.25, 1.70 to 2.98) and having severe disease (OR 1.50, 1.27 to 1.77) but not with the length of hospitalization (mean difference −0.45, −1.33 to 0.43 days) or all-cause mortality (OR 1.25, CI 0.98 to 1.58). However, after adjustment, ACEI/ARB exposure was not associated with testing positive for COVID-19 (pooled adjusted OR 1.01, 0.93 to 1.10), being hospitalized (OR 1.16, 0.80 to 1.68), having severe disease (1.04, 0.76 to 1.42), or all-cause mortality (0.86, 0.64 to 1.15). Similarly, subgroup analyses involving only hypertensive patients revealed that ACEI/ARB exposure was not associated with being hospitalized (OR 0.84, 0.58 to 1.22), disease severity (OR 0.88, 0.68 to 1.14) or all-cause mortality (OR 0.77, 0.54 to 1.12) while it decreased the length of hospitalization (mean difference −0.71, −1.11 to −0.30 days). After adjusting for relevant covariates, other cardiovascular drug classes were mostly not found to be associated with poor COVID-19 clinical outcomes. However, the validity of these findings is limited by a high level of heterogeneity in terms of effect sizes and a serious risk of bias, mainly due to confounding in the included studies.CONCLUSIONOur comprehensive review shows that ACEI/ARB exposure is associated with COVID-19 outcomes such as susceptibility to infection, severity, and hospitalization in unadjusted analyses. However, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, this association is not evident. Patients on cardiovascular drugs should continue taking their medications as currently recommended. Higher quality evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials will be needed to determine any adverse or beneficial effects of cardiovascular drugs.PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCENoneSYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATIONPROSPERO (CRD42020191283)

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Associated Endothelial injury and Pro-inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Krishnamachary ◽  
Christine Cook ◽  
Leslie Spikes ◽  
Prabhakar Chalise ◽  
Navneet K Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Tnf Superfamily ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Disease Analysis

COVID-19 infection caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a global pandemic with the number of deaths growing exponentially. Early evidence points to significant endothelial dysfunction, micro-thromboses, pro-inflammation as well as a dysregulated immune response in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we analyzed the cargo of EVs isolated from the plasma of patients with COVID-19 for the identification of potential biomarkers of disease severity and to explore their role in disease pathogenesis. Plasma-derived EVs were isolated from 53 hospitalized patients with COVID infection and compared according to the severity of the disease. Analysis of inflammatory and cardiovascular protein cargo of large EVs revealed significantly differentially expressed proteins for each disease sub-group. Notably, members of the TNF superfamily and IL-6 family were up-regulated in patients on oxygen support with severe and moderate disease. EVs from the severe group were also enhanced with pro-thrombotic/endothelial injury factors (TF, t-PA, vWF) and proteins associated with cardiovascular pathology (MB, PRSS8, REN, HGF). Significantly higher levels of TF, CD163, and EN-RAGE were observed in EVs from severe patients when compared to patients with a moderate disease requiring supplemental O2. Importantly, we also observed increased caspase 3/7 activity and decreased cell survival in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells exposed to EVs from the plasma of patients with severe disease compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, our findings indicate alterations in pro-inflammatory, coagulopathy, and endothelial injury protein cargo in large EVs in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection that may be a causative agent in severe illness.

scholarly journals Acute COVID-19 Infection in a Pediatric Patient with ROHHAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Udrea ◽  
Merrick Lopez ◽  
Michael Avesar ◽  
Sonea Qureshi ◽  
Anthony Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pressure Release Ventilation

AbstractThe novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) has led to a global pandemic. In the adult population, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been found to cause multiorgan system damage with predicted long-term sequelae. We present a case of a 10-year-old boy with a history of ROHHAD (rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation) who presented with hypoxia, emesis, and abdominal pain. Imaging found bilateral ground glass opacities in the lungs and a pericardial effusion. Laboratory evaluation was concerning for elevated inflammatory markers. Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and anticoagulation (heparin and enoxaparin) were utilized. The patient's severe respiratory failure was managed with conventional mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, and airway pressure release ventilation. We hope that this report provides insight into the course and management of the severe acute pediatric COVID-19 patient, specifically with underlying comorbidities such as ROHHAD. Clinical trial registration is none.

scholarly journals Mild Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a 3-Days-Old Newborn with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Etemadimanesh ◽  
Ali Ghasemi ◽  
Mahmoud Khodabandeh ◽  
Hamid Eshaghi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Atresia ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidity ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Excessive Oxygen ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: SARS-CoV-2 as a member of Coronavirus family, caused a global pandemic in late 2019 and raised concerns about its morbidity and mortality among immune-deficient individuals. Till now, several pediatric cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, and some have noted susceptibility to infection in infants and young children, especially those with congenital comorbidities. In this report, we discuss the clinical course, administered treatments, and outcomes of SARS-COV-2 infection in an infant suffering from cardiovascular comorbidity. Case Presentation: We describe a newborn referred to hospital 72 hours postpartum, diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD), and subsequently found to be infected with the SARS-COV-2 virus. The patient presented with tachypnea, lethargy, and a history of recent fever and myalgia in his father. He received intravenous fluid and antibiotic therapy based on an established protocol for COVID-19 treatment by Iran health ministry and was discharged after five days of hospitalization without further complications. Two weeks after discharge, he was referred to the cardiac surgery department for surgical treatment after obtaining a negative result for nasopharyngeal sample SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Conclusions: Mild symptoms and no need for excessive oxygen supports in the current case demonstrate pediatrics patients with COVID-19 have a better prognosis and fewer complications compared with adults, even at early childhood and with the presence of serious cardiac complications.

scholarly journals MO390THE RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hormat Rahimzadeh Eshkalak ◽  
Hossein Farrokhpour ◽  
Sina Kazemian ◽  
Maryam Rahbar ◽  
Mahnaz Montazeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney involvement, ranging from mild hematuria and proteinuria to acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a recent finding with various incidence rates reported among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Current evidence on AKI rate in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and its associated risk factors is limited, especially in Iran. Method In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled adult patients referred to the Sina hospital, Iran, from 20 February to 14 May 2020, with either a positive PCR test or a highly susceptible chest computed tomography features (CT) consistent with COVID-19 diagnosis. AKI was defined according to the kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, and patients were stratified based on their AKI staging. We evaluated the risk indicators associated with AKI during hospitalization besides in-hospital outcomes and recovery rate at the time of discharge. Results: We evaluated 516 patients with a mean age of 57.6±16.1 years and a male to female ratio of 1.69 who were admitted with the COVID-19 diagnosis. AKI development was observed among 194 (37.6%) patients, comprised of 61.9% patients in stage 1, 18.0% in stage 2, and 20.1% in stage 3. Out of all patients, AKI occurred in 58 (11.2%) patients during the hospital course, and 136 (26.3%) patients arrived with AKI upon admission. AKI development was positively associated with all of the in-hospital outcomes, including intensive care unit admissions, need for invasive ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac injury, acute liver injury, multi-organ damage, and mortality. Patients with stage 3 AKI showed a significantly higher mortality rate, ARDS, and need for invasive ventilation than other stages. After multivariable analysis, male sex (odds ratio (OR):11.27), chronic kidney disease (OR: 6.89), history of hypertension (OR:1.69), disease severity (OR; 2.27), and high urea levels (OR: 1.04) on admission were independent risk indicators of AKI development. Among 117 (28.1%) patients who experienced AKI and survived, only 33 (28.2%) patients made a recovery from the AKI, and 84 (71.8%) patients did not exhibit full recovery at the time of discharge. Conclusion We found that male sex, history of chronic kidney disease, hypertension, disease severity, and high serum urea were independent risk factors associated with AKI in patients with COVID-19. Also, higher stages of AKI were associated with increased risk of mortality and in-hospital complications. Our results indicate a necessity for more precise care and monitoring for AKI during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19, and lack of AKI recovery at the time of discharge is a common complication in such patients.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease Severity Correlates with Smoking Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Lansiaux ◽  
Pierre-Philippe Pébaÿ ◽  
Jean-Laurent Picard ◽  
Joachim Son-Forget
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
P Values ◽  
The Us

The novel COVID-19 disease is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a new virus of the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2. Multiple studies have already reported that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions. However, a recent physiopathological report and the French COVID-19 scientifific council have postulated a protective effect of tobacco smoking. We have been able to demonstrate the statistical signifificance in this regard of recent series from both China and in the US, reporting smoking status as well as disease severity (p-values of 2.27 &times; 10 3 and 11.7 &times; 10 15, respectively). Subsequently and using a Bayesian approach we have established that disease severity is positively associated with smoking status. Finally, we refute claims linking general population smoking status (N in O(108) or O(109)) to much smaller disease course series (N in O(103)). The latter point in particular is presented to stimulate academic discussion, and must be further investigated by well-designed studies.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of cardiac troponin measurement in COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Gaze
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome. COVID-19 is now a global pandemic and public health emergency due to rapid human-to-human transmission. The impact is far-reaching, with enforced social distancing and isolation, detrimental effects on individual physical activity and mental wellbeing, education in the young and economic impact to business. Whilst most COVID-19 patients demonstrate mild-to-moderate symptoms, those with severe disease progression are at a higher risk of mortality. As more is learnt about this novel disease, it is becoming evident that comorbid cardiovascular disease is associated with a greater severity and increased mortality. Many patients positive for COVID-19 demonstrate increased concentrations of cardiac troponin, creating confusion in clinical interpretation. While myocardial infarction is associated with acute infectious respiratory disease, the majority of COVID-19 patients demonstrate stable cTn rather than the dynamically changing values indicative of an acute coronary syndrome. Although full understanding of the mechanism of cTn release in COVID-19 is currently lacking, this mini-review assesses the limited published literature with a view to offering insight to pathophysiological mechanisms and reported treatment regimens.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with COVID-19: Data from a Large Cohort in Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hormat Rahimzadeh ◽  
Sina Kazemian ◽  
Maryam Rahbar ◽  
Hossein Farrokhpour ◽  
Mahnaz Montazeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Kidney involvement, ranging from mild hematuria and proteinuria to acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a recent finding with various incidence rates reported among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Given the various AKI rates and their associated risk factors, lack of AKI recovery in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and limited data regarding AKI in patients with COVID-19 in Iran, we aim to investigate the potential risk factors for AKI development and its incidence in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled adult patients referred to the Sina Hospital, Iran, from February 20 to May 14, 2020, with either a positive PCR test or a highly susceptible chest computed tomography features consistent with COVID-19 diagnosis. AKI was defined according to the kidney disease improving global outcomes criteria, and patients were stratified based on their AKI staging. We evaluated the risk indicators associated with AKI during hospitalization besides in-hospital outcomes and recovery rate at the time of discharge. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We evaluated 516 patients with a mean age of 57.6 ± 16.1 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.69 who were admitted with the COVID-19 diagnosis. AKI development was observed among 194 (37.6%) patients, comprising 61.9% patients in stage 1, 18.0% in stage 2, and 20.1% in stage 3. Out of all patients, AKI occurred in 58 (11.2%) patients during the hospital course, and 136 (26.3%) patients arrived with AKI upon admission. AKI development was positively associated with all of the in-hospital outcomes, including intensive care unit admissions, need for invasive ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac injury, acute liver injury, multiorgan damage, and mortality. Patients with stage 3 AKI showed a significantly higher mortality rate, ARDS, and need for invasive ventilation than other stages. After multivariable analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 11.27), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR: 6.89), history of hypertension (OR: 1.69), disease severity (OR: 2.27), and high urea levels (OR: 1.04) on admission were independent risk indicators of AKI development. Among 117 (28.1%) patients who experienced AKI and survived, only 33 (28.2%) patients made a recovery from the AKI, and 84 (71.8%) patients did not exhibit full recovery at the time of discharge. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> We found that male sex, history of CKD, hypertension, disease severity, and high serum urea were independent risk factors associated with AKI in patients with COVID-19. Also, higher stages of AKI were associated with increased risk of mortality and in-hospital complications. Our results indicate a necessity for more precise care and monitoring for AKI during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19, and lack of AKI recovery at the time of discharge is a common complication in such patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document