scholarly journals X-Ray and Molecular Imaging During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding—When Should We be Worried?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Mattsson ◽  
Sigrid Leide-Svegborn ◽  
Martin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fetal Thyroid ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Abstract Some of the ethically most sensitive issues in radiation protection arise at imaging of pregnant—and potentially pregnant—patients and of newborn. This article reviews the current literature and recommendations on imaging during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Risks related to alternative non-ionizing radiation methods are also considered. With few exceptions, exposure of the fetus through radiography, computed tomography (CT) and nuclear medicine imaging can be limited to safe levels, although studies such as abdominal-pelvic CT cannot avoid significant exposure to fetuses. Eight to 10 weeks post-conception, the fetus has a thyroid which starts to concentrate iodide having crossed the placenta barrier resulting in unacceptably high doses to the fetal thyroid after administration of 131I- and even 123I-iodide and other radiopharmaceuticals with a high content of free radioiodine. Many radiopharmaceuticals are excreted through breast milk. Breastfeeding interruption recommendations should be followed to keep the effective dose to the infant below 1 mSv.

Exposure of children with neuroblastoma to ionizing radiation during computed tomography and nuclear medicine imaging – a single centre experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
J. Iwanowski ◽  
H. Piwowarska-Bilska ◽  
P. Wawrykow ◽  
A. Walecka ◽  
J. Peregud-Pogorzelski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cumulative Effective Dose ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Diagnostic Ct

Purpose: To calculate cumulative doses of ionizing radiation absorbed by children with neuroblastoma during diagnostic CT and NM scans. Method: Retrospective analysis of 267 CT and NM scans performed in 21 children treated in 2009–2015. Results: The cumulative effective dose absorbed per child ranged from 58 to 536 mSv and was highest in infants under 3 years. Conclusion: Children with suspected neuroblastoma may be exposed to significant doses of radiation during the whole period of diagnosis and monitoring the progress of treatment.

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

Dual-Modality Molecular Imaging for Small Animals Using Fluorescence and X-Ray Computed Tomography

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Lin ◽  
William C. Barber ◽  
Jan S. Iwanczk ◽  
Einar Nygard ◽  
Nail Malakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dual Modality ◽  
X Ray Computed

scholarly journals Sheet-beam geometry for in vivo fluorescent x-ray computed tomography: proof-of-concept experiment in molecular imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (21) ◽  
pp. 2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingkai Huo ◽  
Tetsuya Yuasa ◽  
Takao Akatsuka ◽  
Tohoru Takeda ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Geometry ◽  
X Ray Computed

scholarly journals Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Neuroblastoma: Current Status and New Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Atia Samim ◽  
Godelieve A.M. Tytgat ◽  
Gitta Bleeker ◽  
Sylvia T.M. Wenker ◽  
Kristell L.S. Chatalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Disease Extent

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children. At diagnosis, approximately 50% of patients present with metastatic disease. These patients are at high risk for refractory or recurrent disease, which conveys a very poor prognosis. During the past decades, nuclear medicine has been essential for the staging and response assessment of neuroblastoma. Currently, the standard nuclear imaging technique is meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine ([123I]mIBG) whole-body scintigraphy, usually combined with single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT-CT). Nevertheless, 10% of neuroblastomas are mIBG non-avid and [123I]mIBG imaging has relatively low spatial resolution, resulting in limited sensitivity for smaller lesions. More accurate methods to assess full disease extent are needed in order to optimize treatment strategies. Advances in nuclear medicine have led to the introduction of radiotracers compatible for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in neuroblastoma, such as [124I]mIBG, [18F]mFBG, [18F]FDG, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA peptides, [18F]F-DOPA, and [11C]mHED. PET has multiple advantages over SPECT, including a superior resolution and whole-body tomographic range. This article reviews the use, characteristics, diagnostic accuracy, advantages, and limitations of current and new tracers for nuclear medicine imaging in neuroblastoma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document