scholarly journals From neural signatures of emotional modulation to social cognition: individual differences in healthy volunteers and psychiatric participants

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Ibáñez ◽  
Jaume Aguado ◽  
Sandra Baez ◽  
David Huepe ◽  
Vladimir Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Emotional Modulation ◽  
Neural Signatures

scholarly journals Effect of acute citalopram on self-referential emotional processing and social cognition in healthy volunteers

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hobbs ◽  
Susannah E. Murphy ◽  
Lucy Wright ◽  
James Carson ◽  
Indra Van Assche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Affective Learning ◽  
The Self ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours

Background Depression is characterised by negative views of the self. Antidepressant treatment may remediate negative self-schema through increasing processing of positive information about the self. Changes in affective processing during social interactions may increase expression of prosocial behaviours, improving interpersonal communications. Aims To examine whether acute administration of citalopram is associated with an increase in positive affective learning biases about the self and prosocial behaviour. Method Healthy volunteers (n = 41) were randomised to either an acute 20 mg dose of citalopram or matched placebo in a between-subjects double-blind design. Participants completed computer-based cognitive tasks designed to measure referential affective processing, social cognition and expression of prosocial behaviours. Results Participants administered citalopram made more cooperative choices than those administered placebo in a prisoner's dilemma task (β = 20%, 95% CI: 2%, 37%). Exploratory analyses indicated that participants administered citalopram showed a positive bias when learning social evaluations about a friend (β = 4.06, 95% CI: 0.88, 7.24), but not about the self or a stranger. Similarly, exploratory analyses found evidence of increased recall of positive words and reduced recall of negative words about others (β = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.93), but not the self, in the citalopram group. Conclusions Participants administered citalopram showed greater prosocial behaviours, increased positive recall and increased positive learning of social evaluations towards others. The increase in positive affective bias and prosocial behaviours towards others may, at least partially, be a mechanism of antidepressant effect. However, we found no evidence that citalopram influenced self-referential processing.

scholarly journals Experimentally-induced and real-world acute anxiety have no effect on goal-directed behaviour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Gillan ◽  
MM Vaghi ◽  
FH Hezemans ◽  
Grothe S van Ghesel ◽  
J Dafflon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Acute Anxiety

AbstractCompulsivity is associated with failures in goal-directed control, an important cognitive faculty that protects against developing habits. But might this effect be explained by co-occurring anxiety? Previous studies have found goal-directed deficits in other anxiety disorders, and to some extent when healthy individuals are stressed, suggesting this is plausible. We carried out a causal test of this hypothesis in two experiments (between-subject N=88; within-subject N=50) that used the inhalation of hypercapnic gas (7.5% CO2) to induce an acute state of anxiety in healthy volunteers. In both experiments, we successfully induced anxiety, assessed physiologically and psychologically, but this did not affect goal-directed performance. In a third experiment (N=1413), we used a correlational design to test if real-life anxiety-provoking events (panic attacks, stressful events) impair goal-directed control. While small effects were observed, none survived controlling for individual differences in compulsivity. These data suggest that anxiety has no meaningful impact on goal-directed control.

Individual differences of benzodiazepine tranquilizer phenazepam action on healthy volunteers

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 265-265
Author(s):  
B BADYSHTOV ◽  
N KOLOTILINSKAJA ◽  
A MACHNICHEVA ◽  
G NEZNAMOV ◽  
S SEREDENIN
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Healthy Volunteers

scholarly journals The gatekeeper: individual differences are key in the chain from perception to behaviour

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Andrew Prestwich
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Essay Evaluation

A basic assumption in mainstream social cognition is that the path from perception to behaviour is often automatic and direct, as supported for example by several experimental studies showing that priming can lead directly to a congruent behaviour without any need of conscious awareness of the process. However, we argue that the priming of a goal or an object activates individual differences in automatic evaluations at the associative level that in turn are the key predictors of action (gatekeeper model). A study (n = 90) on the American stereotype is presented to support the model. The results show that individual differences of the American stereotype as assessed with the IAT predicts a relevant action (essay evaluation) but only under condition of priming. Broader implications for predictive validity of implicit measures are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Sudden Shifts in Social Identity Swiftly Shape Implicit Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jenny Xiao ◽  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
The Other ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Identity Approach

In this research, we examine how sudden shifts in social identity can swiftly shape implicit evaluations. According to dual system models of attitudes, implicit attitude change is often slow and insensitive to explicit cues or goals. However, the social identity approach suggests that the intergroup context can shape nearly every aspect of social cognition from explicit preferences to implicit evaluations. In three experiments, we test whether explicit cues about social identity and the intergroup context can swiftly shape implicit evaluations. We find that people quickly develop an implicit preference favoring their in-group relative to the out-group—even when the group assignments are arbitrary. Importantly, this pattern of implicit intergroup bias quickly shifts following subtle changes in the intergroup context. When we frame the two groups as cooperative (vs. competitive), implicit intergroup bias is eliminated. Finally, being switched from one minimal group to the other reverses implicit intergroup bias, leading people to favor their new in-group (and former out-group). Individual differences in the degree to which people readily switch their implicit intergroup preference are correlated with their need to belong. In sum, these studies provide evidence that social identity cues and goals rapidly tune implicit evaluation. This research not only speaks to the influence of social identity on implicit cognition, but also has implications for models of attitude development and change.

scholarly journals You ≠ me: individual differences in the structure of social cognition.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Shaw ◽  
Kristina Czekoova ◽  
Charlotte Rebecca Pennington ◽  
Adam Qureshi ◽  
Beáta Špiláková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Visual Perspective ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Visual Perspective Taking ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy

This study investigated the structure of social cognition, and how it is influenced by personality; specifically, how various socio-cognitive capabilities, and the pattern of inter-relationships and co-dependencies among them differ between divergent personality styles. To measure social cognition, a large non-clinical sample (n = 290) undertook an extensive battery of self-report and performance-based measures of visual perspective taking, imitative tendencies, affective empathy, interoceptive accuracy, emotion regulation, and state affectivity. These same individuals then completed the Personality Styles and Disorders Inventory. Latent Profile Analysis revealed two dissociable personality profiles that exhibited contrasting cognitive and affective dispositions, and multivariate analyses indicated further that these profiles differed on measures of social cognition; individuals characterised by a flexible and adaptive personality profile expressed higher action orientation (emotion regulation) compared to those showing more inflexible tendencies, along with better visual perspective taking, superior interoceptive accuracy, less imitative tendencies, and lower personal distress and negativity. These characteristics point towards more efficient self-other distinction, and to higher cognitive control more generally. Moreover, low-level cognitive mechanisms served to mediate other higher level socio-emotional capabilities. Together, these findings elucidate the cognitive and affective underpinnings of individual differences in social behaviour, providing a data-driven model that should guide future research in this area.

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