Abnormal Functional Relationship of Sensorimotor Network With Neurotransmitter-Related Nuclei via Subcortical-Cortical Loops in Manic and Depressive Phases of Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Objective Manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder (BD) show opposite psychomotor symptoms. Neuronally, these may depend on altered relationships between sensorimotor network (SMN) and subcortical structures. The study aimed to investigate the functional relationships of SMN with substantia nigra (SN) and raphe nuclei (RN) via subcortical-cortical loops, and their alteration in bipolar mania and depression, as characterized by psychomotor excitation and inhibition. Method In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on healthy (n = 67) and BD patients (n = 100), (1) functional connectivity (FC) between thalamus and SMN was calculated and correlated with FC from SN or RN to basal ganglia (BG)/thalamus in healthy; (2) using an a-priori-driven approach, thalamus-SMN FC, SN-BG/thalamus FC, and RN-BG/thalamus FC were compared between healthy and BD, focusing on manic (n = 34) and inhibited depressed (n = 21) patients. Results (1) In healthy, the thalamus-SMN FC showed a quadratic correlation with SN-BG/thalamus FC and a linear negative correlation with RN-BG/thalamus FC. Accordingly, the SN-related FC appears to enable the thalamus-SMN coupling, while the RN-related FC affects it favoring anti-correlation. (2) In BD, mania showed an increase in thalamus-SMN FC toward positive values (ie, thalamus-SMN abnormal coupling) paralleled by reduction of RN-BG/thalamus FC. By contrast, inhibited depression showed a decrease in thalamus-SMN FC toward around-zero values (ie, thalamus-SMN disconnection) paralleled by reduction of SN-BG/thalamus FC (and RN-BG/thalamus FC). The results were replicated in independent HC and BD datasets. Conclusions These findings suggest an abnormal relationship of SMN with neurotransmitters-related areas via subcortical-cortical loops in mania and inhibited depression, finally resulting in psychomotor alterations.

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Contrasting variability patterns in the default mode and sensorimotor networks balance in bipolar depression and mania

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1517558113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (17) ◽

pp. 4824-4829 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Matteo Martino ◽

Paola Magioncalda ◽

Zirui Huang ◽

Benedetta Conio ◽

Niccolò Piaggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Resting State ◽

Large Scale ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Default Mode ◽

Sensorimotor Network ◽

Global Signal ◽

Clinical Correlations ◽

Large Scale Networks ◽

Psychomotor Symptoms

Depressive and manic phases in bipolar disorder show opposite constellations of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor symptoms. At a neural level, these may be related to topographical disbalance between large-scale networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN). We investigated topographical patterns of variability in the resting-state signal—measured by fractional SD (fSD) of the BOLD signal—of the DMN and SMN (and other networks) in two frequency bands (Slow5 and Slow4) with their ratio and clinical correlations in depressed (n = 20), manic (n = 20), euthymic (n = 20) patients, and healthy controls (n = 40). After controlling for global signal changes, the topographical balance between the DMN and SMN, specifically in the lowest frequency band, as calculated by the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio, was significantly increased in depression, whereas the same ratio was significantly decreased in mania. Additionally, Slow5 variability was increased in the DMN and decreased in the SMN in depressed patients, whereas the opposite topographical pattern was observed in mania. Finally, the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio correlated positively with clinical scores of depressive symptoms and negatively with those of mania. Results were replicated in a smaller independent bipolar disorder sample. We demonstrated topographical abnormalities in frequency-specific resting-state variability in the balance between DMN and SMN with opposing patterns in depression and mania. The Slow5 DMN/SMN ratio was tilted toward the DMN in depression but was shifted toward the SMN in mania. The Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN pattern could constitute a state-biomarker in diagnosis and therapy.

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EGG – GALLERY LENGTH RELATIONSHIP AND WITHIN-TREE ANALYSES FOR THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent108341-4 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 341-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

John L. Foltz ◽

Adil M. Mayyasi ◽

Fred P. Hain ◽

Robert N. Coulson ◽

William C. Martin

Keyword(s):

Functional Relationship ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽

Southern Pine Beetle ◽

Southern Pine ◽

Functional Relationships ◽

Length Relationship ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

Southeast Texas ◽

Relationship Of

AbstractThe within-sample distributions of gallery length (GL) and egg (E) density as well as their functional relationships to the infested bole were studied in an epidemic population of the southern pine beetle in southeast Texas.A least-squares linear regression analysis through the origin showed an average of 1.59 eggs per centimeter of gallery. GL accounted for 81% of the variation in E and thus is useful for estimating egg numbers. The density of attacking adults is unsatisfactory for predicting E.GL and E are uniformly distributed within but not among the 100-cm2 sample disks at a given height. The functional relationship of both variables to the infested bole is adequately described by the model y = (A+Bx)exp(Cln(x−x2)), where y = GL or E per 100 cm2, x = the normalized height on the infested bole, and A, B, and C are parameters to be estimated for each set of data.

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Functional Relationship of Polymerization Sites of Vertebrate Fibrinogens

10.1055/s-0038-1665661 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

C Cierniewski ◽

T Krajewski ◽

E Janiak

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Functional Relationship ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel ◽

Functional Similarity ◽

Fractionation Method ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Fibrin Monomers ◽

Fibrinogen Molecule ◽

Cold Ethanol Fractionation

Various studies on the interaction of immobilized mammalian fibrinogen and fibrin monomers with some fibrinogen derivatives demonstrated the presence of two sets of polymerization sites in the mammalian fibrinogen molecule. We obtained the same results while investigating the fibrinogen molecules of other classes of vertebrates /Pisces. Amphibia. Aves/. Despite significant differences among their subunit structures, all of them contain polymerization sites homologous to mammalian counterparts. Moreover, due to great functional similarity, fibrinogen or fibrin monomers of the analyzed species of Pisces. Amphibia. Aves and Mammalia interacted in a specific way with immobilized pig fibrin monomers or fibrinogen, respectively. Using these pig affinity adsorbents, fibrinogen and fibrin monomers of different vertebrates were isolated directly from plasma and analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polypeptide compositions of eluted proteins were identical to those obtained for corresponding fibrinogen preparations isolated by cold-ethanol fractionation method. It appears to indicate that the nature of polymerization sites in vertebrate fibrinogens is alike.

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Altered functional connectivity of right inferior frontal gyrus subregions in bipolar disorder: a resting state fMRI study

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 272 ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Li Zhang ◽

Wenfei Li ◽

Long Wang ◽

Tongjian Bai ◽

Gong-Jun Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Fmri Study

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Assessment of the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder with a picture encoding paradigm and methodological lessons learnt

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/02698811211008569 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026988112110085

Author(s):

JZ Petersen ◽

J Macoveanu ◽

HL Kjærstad ◽

GM Knudsen ◽

LV Kessing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Neuronal Activity ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Small Region ◽

Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽

Recall Accuracy ◽

Fmri Study

Background: Mood disorders are often associated with persistent cognitive impairments. However, pro-cognitive treatments are essentially lacking. This is partially because of poor insight into the neurocircuitry abnormalities underlying these deficits and their change with illness progression. Aims: This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairments and neuronal change after mood episodes in remitted patients with bipolar disorder (BD) using a hippocampus-based picture encoding paradigm. Methods: Remitted patients with BD ( n=153) and healthy controls ( n=52) were assessed with neuropsychological tests and underwent fMRI while performing a strategic picture encoding task. A subgroup of patients ( n=43) were rescanned after 16 months. We conducted data-driven hierarchical cluster analysis of patients’ neuropsychological data and compared encoding-related neuronal activity between the resulting neurocognitive subgroups. For patients with follow-up data, effects of mood episodes were assessed by comparing encoding-related neuronal activity change in BD patients with and without episode(s). Results: Two neurocognitive subgroups were revealed: 91 patients displayed cognitive impairments while 62 patients were cognitively normal. No neuronal activity differences were observed between neurocognitive subgroups within the dorsal cognitive control network or hippocampus. However, exploratory whole-brain analysis revealed lower activity within a small region of middle temporal gyrus in impaired patients, which significantly correlated with poorer neuropsychological performance. No changes were observed in encoding-related neuronal activity or picture recall accuracy with the occurrence of mood episode(s) during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Memory encoding fMRI paradigms may not capture the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive impairment or effects of mood episodes.

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Functional relationship of the cytochrome b to the superoxide-generating oxidase of human neutrophils.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34693-3 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 257 (8) ◽

pp. 4114-4119 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

T G Gabig ◽

E W Schervish ◽

J T Santinga

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome B ◽

Functional Relationship ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Relationship Of

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Semi-inverse method for predicting stress–strain relationship from cone indentations

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2003.0291 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 2068-2078 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. DiCarlo ◽

H. T. Y. Yang ◽

S. Chandrasekar

Keyword(s):

A Priori ◽

Model Material ◽

Material Behavior ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Indentation Tests ◽

Strain Relationship ◽

Initial Force ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Force Displacement

A method for determining the stress–strain relationship of a material from hardness values H obtained from cone indentation tests with various apical angles is presented. The materials studied were assumed to exhibit power-law hardening. As a result, the properties of importance are the Young's modulus E, yield strength Y, and the work-hardening exponent n. Previous work [W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992)] showed that E can be determined from initial force–displacement data collected while unloading the indenter from the material. Consequently, the properties that need to be determined are Y and n. Dimensional analysis was used to generalize H/E so that it was a function of Y/E and n [Y-T. Cheng and C-M. Cheng, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 1284 (1999); Philos. Mag. Lett. 77, 39 (1998)]. A parametric study of Y/E and n was conducted using the finite element method to model material behavior. Regression analysis was used to correlate the H/E findings from the simulations to Y/E and n. With the a priori knowledge of E, this correlation was used to estimate Y and n.

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