scholarly journals Survival of Longleaf and Loblolly Pines Planted at Two Spacings in an East Texas Bahiagrass Silvopasture

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Kenneth W. Farrish ◽  
Micah-John Beierle
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract The practice of combining intensive timber and forage production on the same site, a silvopasture system, offers landowners the potential for diversification of income. The establishment of such a system in a pasture setting offers unique challenges compared with traditional timber or forage systems. In 2003, a silvopasture demonstration was established south of Carthage, Texas, in a pasture dominated by bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Four replications of treatments composed of open pasture, longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (Pinus taeda) pine planted at a traditional spacing, and longleaf and loblolly pine planted at a silvopasture spacing were established. Due to high mortality rates, replanting of trees occurred in 2004 and 2005. Third-year seedling survival was highest for loblolly pine in both planting systems, and forage production levels did not significantly differ among treatments. Wild hog damage contributed to the low longleaf pine seedling survival rates.

scholarly journals Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis V. Hunt ◽  
J. David Lenhart
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Four surveys of pine plantations in East Texas between 1969 and 1984 indicate that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection rates are increasing on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and either decreasing or about constant on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Currently, stem infections occur on about 1 in 2 slash pines and 1 in 14 loblolly pines. South. J. Appl. For. 10:215-216, Nov. 1986.

scholarly journals The Financially Optimal Loblolly Pine Planting Density and Management Regime for Nonindustrial Private Forestland in East Texas

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Hsun Huang ◽  
Gary D. Kronrad ◽  
Jason D. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Private Forestland

Abstract Economic analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of initial planting density on the profitability of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) in East Texas. Five planting densities of 870, 725, 620, 540, and 484 trees per acre (tpa)representing spacings of 5×10, 6×10, 7×10, 8×10, and 9×10 ft, respectively, were investigated. Land expectation values were used to determine the financially optimal thinning and final harvesting schedules (including rotation length and the timing, frequency, and intensity of thinning). Five site indices (50–90), six real alternative rates of return (ARR) (2.5–15.0%), and three thinning options (0, 1, and 2) were employed. Results indicate that two thinnings appear to be the financially optimal number of thinnings for most siteindex-ARR scenarios. The planting spacing of 8×10 ft is optimal when ARR is low, and the 9×10 ft spacing is optimal when ARR is high. South. J. Appl. For. South. J. Appl. For. 29(1):16–21.

scholarly journals Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas: 1969-1987

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
W. Thomas McGrath ◽  
Terry L. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Cronartium Quercuum ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Five surveys of pine plantations in East Texas over an 18-year period (1969-1987) indicated that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme Birdsall and Snow) infection rates have increased to current levels of about 50% on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and are continuing to increase on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to 10-15% levels. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):259-261.

Response of Newly Planted Loblolly Pines to Herbicide and Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McKee ◽  
Larry P. Wilhite
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract In three separate studies on the Lower Atlantic Coastal Plain, sites were sheared, root-raked, and bedded, and phosphorus was applied. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were planted, and nitrogen fertilizer and preemergence herbicide were applied at several different times. In all three studies, loblolly pine responded positively in height, diameter, and aboveground biomass to herbicide applied in the spring following planting. Responses to nitrogen application were inconsistent. A pronounced increase in growth was found in only one study. There, a nitrogen and a herbicide treatment interacted to give a three-fold increase in aboveground seedling biomass after one growing season. The lack of response to nitrogen in the other two studies may be attributable to low rainfall in the spring after planting and mineralization of native nitrogen from soil organic matter. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):33-36.

Using silvicultural practices to regulate competition, resource availability, and growing conditions for Pinus palustris seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Knapp ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Joan L. Walker ◽  
Huifeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide release of longleaf pine seedlings; and H+F, herbicide release plus fertilization) on resource availability and growing conditions in relation to longleaf pine seedling response for 3 years. Harvesting treatments reduced competition from canopy trees but resulted in greater abundance of understory vegetation. Harvesting shifted the interception of light from the canopy to the subcanopy vegetation layer; however, total light availability at the forest floor increased with the intensity of canopy removal. Soil moisture was not affected by harvesting or by the cultural treatments. Foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) of longleaf pine seedlings generally increased with the intensity of the harvest treatment. Of the plant resources measured, we found that light was most strongly correlated with longleaf pine seedling growth and that incorporating the interception of light by subcanopy vegetation improved the relationship over that of canopy light transmittance alone.

Fractal analysis of foliage distribution in loblolly pine crowns

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Zeide
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A new method for estimating fractal characteristics (fractal dimension and foliage density) of a single crown or its portions is developed. The proposed method operates with volume and mass of natural units of the crown, such as shoots and branches, rather than with numbers of regular cubes. Fractal dimension alone is not sufficient to describe foliage distribution in the crown because it says nothing about the density of foliage at a given point. The density is defined as the ratio of foliage mass to fractal volume it occupies. Fortunately, the intercept of the regression, which contains fractal dimension as the slope, provides a measure of foliage density. Thus the method makes it possible to separate purely spatial factors represented by fractal dimension from ecophysiological effects characterized by foliage density. Application of the method showed that neither fractal dimension nor foliage density of the studied loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) correlates with current diameter increment. At the same time, there is a pronounced negative correlation between fractal dimension and crown size. These results suggest that as crowns become larger, the amount of foliage located at the crown periphery increases in proportion to the foliage amount inside the crown. As a spin-off of this analysis, a method for estimating relative foliage density (defined as the ratio of actual to maximal foliage mass for a given branch) is developed.

Performance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings and micropropagated plantlets on an east Texas site

2003 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd S. Rahman ◽  
Michael G. Messina ◽  
Ronald J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Friedenberg ◽  
Brenda M. Whited ◽  
Daniel H. Slone ◽  
Sharon J. Martinson ◽  
Matthew P. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Patterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380–1273 km2) sustained 3–18 times more local infestations and 3–116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D. frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present.

scholarly journals Height Growth of Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in the Northern Post-Oak belt of Texas

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Hansen ◽  
M. Victor Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Age accounted for over 70% of the variation in tree height of 10- to 44-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations established on deep sands, moderate sands, and nonsandy soils in the Northern Post-Oak Belt of Texas. Climatic and edaphicfactors, relating either directly or indirectly to the amount of moisture available for tree use, explained up to 17% of height growth variation. Height growth of the plantations was comparable to that of plantations growing in the pine-mixed hardwood forest cover type of East Texas. The NorthernPost-Oak Belt of Texas is an area approximately 50 to 100 miles wide located between the pine-mixed hard-wood forest type to the east and the black-land prairie to the west. Soils within the belt belong primarily to the Alfisol or Ultisol soil orders. The western-most areas of the belt receiveup to 20% less annual rain fall than the pine-mixed hardwood type of East Texas (U.S. Environmental Data and Information Service 1949-1982). The present forest of this area is dominated by post oak (Quercus stellata Wang.), black-jack oak (Quercus Marilandica Muench.), bluejack oak (Quercusincana Bartr.), and black hickory (Carya texana Buckl.) (Ward 1984). Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) occur naturally only in scattered locations (Wilson and Hacker 1986). South. j. Appl. For. 13(1):5-8.

scholarly journals Systemic Insecticide Injections for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards—2 Year Results

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Grosman ◽  
William W. Upton ◽  
Frank A. McCook ◽  
Ronald F. Billings
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract Three systemic insecticide treatments, emamectin benzoate alone, imidacloprid alone, and a combination of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam, were injected one or two times into loblolly pine,Pinus taeda L., during a 2 yr period in a seed orchard in east Texas. Single injections of treatments containing emamectin benzoate reduced coneworm (Dioryctria spp.) damage by 94–97% during the study period. A second injection after 1 yr did not improve protection. Imidacloprid also significantly reduced coneworm damage in 1999, but not in 2000. Significant reductions in damage from pine seed bugs (Tetyra bipunctata Say andLeptoglossus corculus Herrich-Schaffer) and an increase in the number of full seeds per cone resulted from imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatments and to a lesser extent from emamectin benzoate. Yearly injections of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam were required to maintain protection against seed bugs. The best overall treatment, two injections of emamectin benzoate plus thiamethoxam, reduced cone and seed losses from insects by 86%. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):146–152.

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