Clearcutting Not Enough for Early Establishment of Desirable Species in Santee River Swamp

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Gresham
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Celtis Laevigata ◽  
Water Oak ◽  
Early Establishment

Abstract Woody species in a Santee River Swamp area were sampled before and three growing seasons after a summer clearcut. Basal area before harvest was 140 ft², 72% of which was sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), ash (Fraxinus spp.), laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia), and water oak (Q. nigra). Sugarberry dominated the regeneration 3 years after harvest in all but the larger size classes. Reproduction less than 3-feet tall occurred on 39% of the sampled area while 69% of the sampled area contained one or more stems 3 feet or taller. Regeneration species composition and spatial distribution was not considered acceptable and was attributed to the lack of postharvest treatment. Shearing or prescribed fire is recommended to dispose of residual stems and logging slash. Subsequent planting seed or seedlings of cherrybark oak (Q. falcata var. pagodifolia), water oak, or sweetgum should ensure an acceptable species composition.

scholarly journals Woody Species Composition Analysis of Shawo Sacred Forest, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Haiemicael Mezgebe ◽  
Alemayehu Hailemicael Mezgebe
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Sacred Forest ◽  
Syzygium Guineense

In sacred forests of indigenous communities, landscapes are deemed sacred and are protected through social norms and spiritual values. The main objective of this study was to analyze the woody species composition of Shawo forest and explore the traditional governing systems that safeguard the sacred forest up to the present. Systematic sampling method was used to collect data. Accordingly, 42 quadrats each with 400 m2 (20 m X 20 m)  was laid along the 14 transect lines. All woody plant species were collected and identified in each of these quadrats. Vegetation parameters such as DBH an Height of each quadrat were recorded. Interview and group discussion were held with local community to gather socio-cultural information. From the result,  16 plant species were found. The average plant density was  499 individual ha-1 with  DBH and H value of  9.21 cm and 10.43 m respecitively.. The  maximum mean plant height was 39.43 m (Syzygium guineense).The total basal area of all plant species was found to be 56.1 m2.ha-1. From the total plant species of Shawo forest Syzygium guineense has the largest basal area 35.77 m2.ha-1 (63.77%) occurring in all 42 plots. The most important plant species of Shawo forest was Syzygium guineense with important value index (IVI) of 151.7 contributing to  50.57% of  total IVI. For future sustainability of Shawo forest, community traditional conservation practices should be appreciated and supported.

Control of Oaks (Quercusspp.) and Associated Woody Species on Rangeland with Tebuthiuron

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
J. W. Stuth ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria ◽  
Ulmus Alata ◽  
Quercus Stellata ◽  
Water Oak

Aerial applications of 20% tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N-dimethylurea} pellets at 2.2 kg/ha (ai) in the spring effectively controlled post oak (Quercus stellataWangenh.), blackjack oak (Q. marilandicaMuenchh.), water oak (Q. nigraL.), yaupon (Ilex vomitoriaAit.), winged elm (Ulmus alataMichx.), downy hawthorn (Crataegus mollisScheele), gum bumelia [Bumelia lanuginosa(Michx.) Pers.], and willow baccharis (Baccharis salicinaTorr. & Gray) in the Post Oak Savannah of Texas. Tree huckleberry (Vaccinium arboreumMarsh.), black hickory (Carya texanaBuckl.), honeylocust (Gleditsia triachanthosL.) and cedar elm (Ulmus crassifoliaNutt.) were partially controlled by 2.2 kg/ha of tebuthiuron. Canopies of buckbrush (Symphoricarpos orbiculatusMoench), southern dewberry (Rubus trivialisMichx.), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americanaL.), and persimmon (Diospyros virginianaL.) were reduced for about two growing seasons after which the woody species recovered. American beautyberry appeared to increase in abundance by the third growing season after control of the other woody species. Honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginianaL.), and Texas persimmon (Diospyros texanaScheele) were not controlled by tebuthiuron at 2.2 or 4.4 kg/ha, and saw greenbrier (Similax bona-noxL.) and peppervine [Ampelopsis arborea(L.) Koehne] apparently increased following application of tebuthiuron.

Short-term Effects of Loblolly Pine Thinning Intensity on Coverage of Preferred White-tailed Deer Forage Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Keene ◽  
William Gulsby ◽  
Allison Colter ◽  
Darren A. Miller ◽  
Kristina Johannsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Pine Stands

Commercial thinning and prescribed fire can improve habitat quality for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in lobolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands by increasing coverage of forage plants. However, the relationships among thinning intensity, prescribed fire, and deer forage have not been quantified. We estimated percent cover of deer forage plants in 5 loblolly pine stands thinned to 11 (low), 14 (medium), and 18 (high) m2/ha basal areas during 2017 in Georgia, USA. We applied prescribed fire during 2018. From years 1-2 post-treatment, cover of total deer forage increased 26% and 29% in the low and medium basal area treatments, respectively, compared to 19% in the high basal area treatment. Similarly, the increase in forb coverage was greater for the medium (13%) and low (11%) basal area treatments than the high (6%) basal area treatment. Increases in vine and bramble coverage were greater in unburned medium basal area units. Woody browse was not affected by any treatment. Our results suggest thinning loblolly pine stands to 14 m2/ha can increase coverage of deer forage plants during the first two growing seasons post-thin, but deer forage was not greater in stands thinned to <14 m2/ha two years post-thin.

scholarly journals Vegetation dynamics and mesophication in response to conifer encroachment within an ultramafic system

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burgess ◽  
K. Szlavecz ◽  
N. Rajakaruna ◽  
S. Lev ◽  
C. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Α Diversity

The biological, ecological, and evolutionary significance of serpentine habitats has long been recognised. We used an integrated physiochemical dataset combining plot spatial data with temporal data from tree cores to evaluate changes in soils and vegetation. Data suggest that this unique habitat is undergoing a transition, endangering local biodiversity and endemic plant species. The objective of this work was to analyse the vegetation dynamics of a xeric serpentine savanna located in the Mid-Atlantic, USA. We employed vegetation surveys of 32 10 × 15 m quadrats to obtain woody species composition, density, basal area, and developed a spatial physiochemical dataset of substrate geochemistry to independently summarise the data using regression and ordination techniques. This information was interpreted alongside historical, dendrochronologic and soil stable carbon isotopic data to evaluate successional dynamics. Comparisons among geologic, pedologic and vegetation environmental drivers indicated broad correlations across an environmental gradient, corresponding to a grassland to forest transition. The woodland communities appear to be part of a complex soil moisture and chemistry gradient that affects the extent, density, basal area and species composition of these communities. Over the gradient, there is an increase in α diversity, a decrease in the density of xeric and invasive species, and an increase in stem density of more mesic species. Dendrochronology suggests poor recruitment of xeric species and concomitant increase in more mesic species. The data indicated that former C4-dominated grasslands were initially invaded by conifers and are now experiencing mesophication, with growing dominance by Acer, Nyssa and more mesic Quercus and Fagus species.

Soil Spot Herbicides for Single-Stem Hardwood Control

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
James H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Ostrya Virginiana ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Quercus Nigra ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Oak

Abstract Soil spot treatments of undiluted Velpar® L and a concentrated mixture of Spike® 80W were applied around test trees of five hardwood species. The test rates were 2, 4, and 6 ml of herbicide/in. of dbh applied to the soil within 3 ft of each tree Hardwood topkill was assessed after two growing seasons. The 4-ml rate of Velpar L was required to achieve 80% or greater average topkill of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and water oak (Quercus nigra) on loamy soils, while a 6-ml rate was needed to exceed 80% topkill of dogwood (Cornus florida). Spike 80W gave about 80% topkill of both water oak and dogwood at the 2-ml rate but was ineffective on sweetgum. Only Spike 80W at the 6-ml rate yielded greater than 70% average topkill of boxelder (Acer negundo) and hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana). Nearby hardwoods of susceptible species within 3 ft of treated trees were also killed, extending the cost-effectiveness of these hardwood control treatments. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):199-203.

scholarly journals Prescribed Fire Affects Eastern White Pine Recruitment and Survival on Eastern Kentucky Ridgetops

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Blankenship ◽  
Mary A. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Cumberland Plateau ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Successful fire prevention and suppression efforts during the past 50 yr have resulted in the proliferation of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the understory of oak-pine forests on the Cumberland Plateau. Along with red maple (Acer rubrum L.), increasing density of eastern white pine in these forests signals a change in plant species composition from species adapted to periodic surface fires, such as oaks (Quercus spp.) and yellow pines (P. echinata Miller and P. rigida Miller), to species adapted to longer fire-free intervals. In the Daniel Boone National Forest (DBNF) in eastern Kentucky, the USDA Forest Service has reintroduced fire to these ridgetop ecosystems. In March 1995 and March 1996, single prescribed fires were conducted on three different ridgetops in the Red River Gorge of the DBNF. Diameter and age of white pine stems were recorded prior to burning, two growing seasons post-burn (for 1995 and 1996 fires), and three growing seasons post-burn (for 1995 fires only). Nearly all white pine less than 2.0 cm dbh were killed after a single prescribed fire, and significant mortality (P < 0.05) was measured in size classes up to 6 cm dbh. Post-burn regeneration of white pine, however, was abundant at each site. Therefore, a single prescribed burn affected the age structure of white pine but will not have an important influence on long-term species composition of these stands. A fire return interval of at least 10 to 20 yr will be required to control white pine competition with fire-adapted species on the ridgetop ecosystems of the DBNF. South. J. Appl. For. 23(3): 144-150.

Effects of human disturbance on understory woody species composition and diversity in fengshui forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lü Hao-rong ◽  
Liu Song-song ◽  
Zhu Jian-yun ◽  
Ye Yong-chang ◽  
Chen Hong-yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Woody Species

Monitoring natural stand change in the forest reserve of Liedekerke, Flanders (Belgium)

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van den Meersschaut ◽  
B. De Cuyper ◽  
K. Vandekerkhove ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Sweet Chestnut

Natural  stand changes in the forest reserve of Liedekerke were analysed during the  period    1986-1996, using a permanent grid of circular plots. The monitoring  concentrated on natural    changes in species composition, using stem number and basal area as  indicators, and changes    in spatial distribution and colonization capacities of trees and shrubs,  with special interest in the    competition between exotic and indigenous species. After only a decade of  monitoring important    natural changes in the woody layer were detected. The pioneer forest is  gradually maturing    through self-thinning processes and shifts in species composition. The  overall stem number    decreased with 33.6%, while the basal area increased with 20.9%. Birch (Betula pendula/    pubescens) and indigenous oak (Quercus robur/petraea) remained  dominant. More tolerant    exotic species, like red oak (Quercus rubra) and sweet chestnut (Castanea  sativa), are slowly    increasing their share in the species composition and expanding their  range. Pioneer species on    the other hand, like aspen (Populus tremula), willow (Salix  capreaicinerealaurita), alder buckthorn    (Frangula alnus) and  common (Alnus glutinosa)  and grey alder (A. incana),  strongly declined.    Black cherry (Prunus serotina) seems to be slowly invading the forest due to its  massive    natural regeneration. Strong competition may be expected especially from  rowan ash (Sorbus    aucuparia), which showed similar regeneration  and colonization capacities. Elder (Sambucus    nigra) dramatically extented its range, though  its share remains marginal. Beech remained absent    most probably due to the lack of mature trees in the vacinity of the  forest. Finally this    change detection allowed that general predictions could be made on the  future natural development    and composition of this forest reserve, which could serve forest management  decisions.

scholarly journals The Difficulty of Predicting Eastern Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe in Lowland Black Spruce: Model Benchmarking in Northern Minnesota, USA

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Ella R. Gray ◽  
Matthew B. Russell ◽  
Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Model Interpretation

Insects, fungi, and diseases play an important role in forest stand development and subsequently, forest management decisions and treatments. As these disturbance agents commonly occur within and across landscapes, modeling has often been used to inform forest planning and management decisions. However, models are rarely benchmarked, leaving questions about their utility. Here, we assessed the predictive performance of a Bayesian hierarchical model through on–the-ground sampling to explore what features of stand structure or composition may be important factors related to eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum Peck) presence in lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.). Twenty-five state-owned stands included in the predictive model were sampled during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Within each stand, data related to the presence of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe, stand structure, and species composition were collected. The model accurately predicted eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe occurrence for 13 of the 25 stands. The amount of living and dead black spruce basal area differed significantly based on model prediction and observed infestation, but trees per hectare, total living basal area, diameter at breast height, stand age, and species richness were not significantly different. Our results highlight the benefits of model benchmarking to improve model interpretation as well as to inform our understanding of forest health problems across diverse stand conditions.

Prescribed Fire and the Response of Woody Species in Willamette Valley Wetland Prairies

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Pendergrass ◽  
P. M. Miller ◽  
J. B. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Willamette Valley
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