scholarly journals Comparing two measures of sleep depth/intensity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy Younes ◽  
Paula K Schweitzer ◽  
Kara S Griffin ◽  
Robert Balshaw ◽  
James K Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Sleep Depth ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract Study Objectives To compare delta spectral power (delta) and odds ratio product (ORP) as measures of sleep depth during sleep restriction with placebo or a drug that increases delta. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from a study of 41 healthy participants randomized to receive placebo or gaboxadol 15 mg during sleep restriction. Participants underwent in-laboratory sleep studies on two baseline, four sleep restriction (5-h), and two recovery nights. Relation between delta or ORP and sleep depth was operationally defined as the degree of association of each metric to the probability of arousal or awakening occurring during the next 30 s (arousability). Results ORP values in wake, N1, N2, N3, and REM were significantly different. Delta differed between both N2 and N3 and other sleep stages but not between wake and N1 or N1 and REM. Epoch-by-epoch and individual correlations between ORP and delta power were modest or insignificant. The relation between ORP and arousability was linear across the entire ORP range. Delta also changed with arousability but only when delta values were less than 300 μV2. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis found the ability to predict imminent arousal to be significantly greater with ORP than with log delta power for all experimental conditions. Changes in ORP, but not log delta, across the night correlated with next-day physiologic sleep tendency. Conclusions Compared to delta power, ORP is more discriminating among sleep stages, more sensitive to sleep restriction, and more closely associated with arousability. This evidence supports ORP as a measure of sleep depth/intensity.

scholarly journals 0150 Comparing Two Measures of Sleep Depth/ Intensity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A59-A59
Author(s):  
M Younes ◽  
P K Schweitzer ◽  
K Griffin ◽  
J K Walsh ◽  
R Balshaw
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Sleep Depth ◽  
Two Measures

Abstract Introduction There is currently no well-validated method for evaluating objective sleep depth/intensity. Delta power is thought to reflect sleep depth based upon limited evidence. Odds-ratio-product (ORP) is a recently introduced continuous measure of sleep depth. We compared delta spectral power (delta) and ORP as measures of sleep depth/intensity during manipulations that altered sleep depth (sleep restriction with placebo or with a delta-promoting drug). We hypothesized that ORP will provide a more robust measure of sleep depth. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from a study in which forty-one healthy subjects were sleep restricted and randomized to receive placebo or gaboxadol 15mg. Participants underwent consecutive in-laboratory sleep studies on two baseline, four sleep restriction (5 hours) and two recovery nights. The relation between delta or ORP during any given 30s epoch and sleep depth, operationally defined as the probability of arousal / awakening occurring during the next 30 seconds (arousability), was assessed. Results Mean ORP values differed significantly among the four sleep / wake stages, but delta power did not differentiate wake, N1 and N2. The relation between ORP and arousability was linear across the entire range of ORP whereas delta power detected differences in arousability only with delta values &lt 300 μV2. Correlations with arousability in individual subjects were stronger with ORP (p &lt 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis found the ability to predict imminent arousal to be significantly greater with ORP than with delta power for all experimental conditions (p &lt 0.0001). The increase in sleep depth with restriction alone was detected on the second day of restriction by ORP (p &lt 0.01) but not by delta. Conclusion As compared to delta power, ORP is more discriminating among sleep stages, more sensitive to sleep restriction, and more closely associated with arousability. These observations indicate ORP better reflects sleep depth/intensity. Support None

scholarly journals 0280 Change in Sleep Depth Across the Night as a Measure of Sleep Adequacy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A106-A106
Author(s):  
P K Schweitzer ◽  
K Griffin ◽  
M Younes ◽  
J K Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Sleep Depth ◽  
Sleep Adequacy ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Introduction It is well known that sleep becomes lighter towards the end of the night reflecting the reduction in homeostatic sleep pressure. We hypothesized that more adequate nocturnal sleep (i.e. sufficient quantity and quality for the individual) would result in a greater reduction in sleep depth across the night and would be reflected in decreased next-day sleep tendency. Methods In a secondary analysis of data from a study in which sleep depth was altered by sleep restriction combined with either placebo or gaboxadol (a delta-promoting drug) we correlated change across the night in two measures of sleep depth with next-day Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) latencies. Forty-one healthy subjects underwent 8 consecutive sleep studies; two baseline, four sleep restriction (5 hours) and two recovery nights. MSLT was performed following each baseline night and the last two restriction nights. Sleep depth in the first and last hours of NREM sleep was determined by two methods 1) Log delta spectral power; 2) The odds-ratio-product (ORP), a recently introduced continuous measure of sleep depth. The difference between initial and final values was calculated (ΔDelta, ΔORP). Post-restriction MSLT latency was correlated with baseline MSLT latency, ΔDelta, ΔORP, log delta power and ORP in the last hour, lost total sleep time and lost REM time. Results ΔDelta was -0.27 ±0.13 and ΔORP was 0.17 ±0.13, both changes reflecting lightening of sleep across the night. In both univariate and multivariate analysis only baseline MSLT latency (p &lt 0.001) and ΔORP (p &lt 0.01) were significantly and positively correlated with post-restriction MSLT latency. Conclusion The reduction in sleep depth across the night as measured by ORP, but not by delta power, is significantly correlated with reduced objective sleepiness following sleep restriction. ΔORP may be a useful index that reflects sleep adequacy during the night. Support None

scholarly journals Does suicidal desire moderate the association between frontal delta power and psychological pain?

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther L. Meerwijk ◽  
Sandra J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Current Psychological ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological pain frequently underlies thoughts of suicide. We investigated if recent suicidal desire moderated the association between potential neurophysiological markers and psychological pain assessed on the Psychache Scale (PS) and the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP). The OMMP specifically assesses current psychological pain that may more readily capture emotions present during recent suicidal desire. In contrast, the PS leaves the timeframe undefined. A secondary analysis was conducted of resting-state EEG data and heart rate obtained in adults with a history of depression. In simultaneous multiple regression models, while controlling for depressive symptoms, recent suicidal desire moderated associations with right-frontal EEG delta power (ΔR2= .07,p< .01) and low-frequency heart rate variability (nonsignificantly) for pain assessed on the PS. No indication for moderation was found for pain on the OMMP. The relationship between the two measures of psychological pain was stronger for individuals with recent suicidal desire (r= .75,p< .01 vs.r= .50,p< .05). The findings suggest that, unless a respondent’s psychological pain is recent and substantial, the PS may not capture the intensity of current psychological pain as effectively as the OMMP.

scholarly journals Insomnia subtypes characterised by objective sleep duration and NREM spectral power and the effect of acute sleep restriction: an exploratory analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hui Kao ◽  
Angela L. D’Rozario ◽  
Nicole Lovato ◽  
Rick Wassing ◽  
Delwyn Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Normal Sleep

AbstractInsomnia disorder (ID) is a heterogeneous disorder with proposed subtypes based on objective sleep duration. We speculated that insomnia subtyping with additional power spectral analysis and measurement of response to acute sleep restriction may be informative in overall assessment of ID. To explore alternative classifications of ID subtypes, insomnia patients (n = 99) underwent two consecutive overnight sleep studies: (i) habitual sleep opportunity (polysomnography, PSG) and, (ii) two hours less sleep opportunity (electroencephalography, EEG), with the first night compared to healthy controls (n = 25). ID subtypes were derived from data-driven classification of PSG, EEG spectral power and interhemispheric EEG asymmetry index. Three insomnia subtypes with different sleep duration and NREM spectral power were identified. One subtype (n = 26) had shorter sleep duration and lower NREM delta power than healthy controls (short-sleep delta-deficient; SSDD), the second subtype (n = 51) had normal sleep duration but lower NREM delta power than healthy controls (normal-sleep delta-deficient; NSDD) and a third subtype showed (n = 22) no difference in sleep duration or delta power from healthy controls (normal neurophysiological sleep; NNS). Acute sleep restriction improved multiple objective sleep measures across all insomnia subtypes including increased delta power in SSDD and NSDD, and improvements in subjective sleep quality for SSDD (p = 0.03), with a trend observed for NSDD (p = 0.057). These exploratory results suggest evidence of novel neurophysiological insomnia subtypes that may inform sleep state misperception in ID and with further research, may provide pathways for personalised care.

Insomnia subtypes characterised by objective sleep duration and NREM spectral power and the effect of acute sleep restriction: an exploratory analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hui Kao ◽  
Angela L. D'Rozario ◽  
Nicole Lovato ◽  
Rick Wassing ◽  
Delwyn Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Normal Sleep

Abstract Insomnia disorder (ID) is a heterogeneous disorder with proposed subtypes based on objective sleep duration. We speculated that insomnia subtyping with additional power spectral analysis and measurement of response to acute sleep restriction may be informative in overall assessment of ID. To explore alternative classifications of ID subtypes, insomnia patients (n = 99) underwent two consecutive overnight sleep studies: (i) habitual sleep opportunity (polysomnography, PSG) and, (ii) two hours less sleep opportunity (electroencephalography, EEG), with the first night compared to healthy controls (n = 25). ID subtypes were derived from data-driven classification of PSG, EEG spectral power and interhemispheric EEG asymmetry index. Three insomnia subtypes with different sleep duration and NREM spectral power were identified. One subtype (n = 26) had shorter sleep duration and lower NREM delta power than healthy controls (short-sleep delta-deficient; SSDD), the second subtype (n = 51) had normal sleep duration but lower NREM delta power than healthy controls (normal-sleep delta-deficient; NSDD) and a third subtype showed (n = 22) no difference in sleep duration or delta power from healthy controls (normal neurophysiological sleep; NNS). Acute sleep restriction improved multiple objective sleep measures across all insomnia subtypes including increased delta power in SSDD and NSDD, and improvements in subjective sleep quality for SSDD (p = 0.03), with a trend observed for NSDD (p = 0.057). These exploratory results suggest evidence of novel neurophysiological insomnia subtypes that may inform sleep state misperception in ID and with further research, may provide pathways for personalised care.

scholarly journals 0350 Characterizing Continuous Changes in Spectral Dynamics of Sleep EEG as a Function of Age

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A133-A133
Author(s):  
H Kim ◽  
M Prerau ◽  
S Redline
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Spectral Dynamics ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Sleep Depth

Abstract Introduction Sleep is a continuous and dynamic physiological process. Current research practice, however, limits our ability to observe electroencephalography (EEG) oscillation dynamics by breaking sleep into discrete stages. In this study, we propose a novel quantitative framework that represents population-level changes in sleep EEG spectral dynamics as a function of age, preserving the information-rich spectral dynamics of sleep data. Rather than relying on sleep stages, our approach uses slow-oscillation power (SO-power) as an objective, continuous-valued correlate of sleep depth. Methods We analyzed the EEG signal (Fz-Cz, 256 Hz sampling rate) from a subset of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study participants (n = 2056, 53.6% female, age: mean 69.37 ± 9.12, range 54 - 94) who underwent polysomnography. For each subject, we computed the sleep EEG multitaper spectrogram and extracted the total baseline-normalized SO-power (0.1 - 1.5 Hz). We next computed mean EEG spectral power as a function of SO-power, which we then tracked across all subjects as a function of age in sliding windows. Results The population analysis shows apparent, continuous changes in time-frequency domain features of the EEG as a function of a sleep depth along with age, that would be otherwise lost in traditional analyses. Moreover, by analyzing the directionality of the SO-power, we show that there is no apparent difference in neural activity during deepening sleep and lightening sleep; thus EEG sleep state is likely non-directional. Conclusion Our results show that state-based sleep dynamics of the EEG power spectrum can comprehensively be represented using SO-power as a surrogate of sleep depth. This representation identifies state-based activity independent of the temporal evolution of sleep architecture. As such, it is a powerful tool for analysis and phenotyping of EEG activity in large cohorts. Support The Biomedical Global Talent Nurturing Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HI19C1065) to HK, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS, R01 NS-096177) to MP.

Automated Large Artery Occlusion Detection in Stroke: A Single-Center Validation Study of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rodrigues ◽  
Clara M. Barreira ◽  
Mehdi Bouslama ◽  
Diogo C. Haussen ◽  
Alhamza Al-Bayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
Cohen's Kappa

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Expediting notification of lesions in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is critical. Limited availability of experts to assess such lesions and delays in large vessel occlusion (LVO) recognition can negatively affect outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) may aid LVO recognition and treatment. This study aims to evaluate the performance of an AI-based algorithm for LVO detection in AIS. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective analysis of a database of AIS patients admitted in a single center between 2014 and 2019. Vascular neurologists graded computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) for presence and site of LVO. Studies were analyzed by the Viz-LVO Algorithm® version 1.4 – neural network programmed to detect occlusions from the internal carotid artery terminus (ICA-T) to the Sylvian fissure. Comparisons between human versus AI-based readings were done by test characteristic analysis and Cohen’s kappa. Primary analysis included ICA-T and/or middle cerebral artery (MCA)-M1 LVOs versus non-LVOs/more distal occlusions. Secondary analysis included MCA-M2 occlusions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 610 CTAs were analyzed. The AI algorithm rejected 2.5% of the CTAs due to poor quality, which were excluded from the analysis. Viz-LVO identified ICA-T and MCA-M1 LVOs with a sensitivity of 87.6%, specificity of 88.5%, and accuracy of 87.9% (AUC 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85–0.92, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Cohen’s kappa was 0.74. In the secondary analysis, the algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 80.3%, specificity of 88.5%, and accuracy of 82.7%. The mean run time of the algorithm was 2.78 ± 0.5 min. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Automated AI reading allows for fast and accurate identification of LVO strokes with timely notification to emergency teams, enabling quick decision-making for reperfusion therapies or transfer to specialized centers if needed.

scholarly journals Differential modulation of NREM sleep regulation and EEG topography by chronic sleep restriction in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowon Kim ◽  
Eunjin Hwang ◽  
Robert E. Strecker ◽  
Jee Hyun Choi ◽  
Youngsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Amplitude Analysis ◽  
Delta Power ◽  
Eeg Topography ◽  
Chronic Sleep

AbstractCompensatory elevation in NREM sleep EEG delta power has been typically observed following prolonged wakefulness and widely used as a sleep homeostasis indicator. However, recent evidence in human and rodent chronic sleep restriction (CSR) studies suggests that NREM delta power is not progressively increased despite of accumulated sleep loss over days. In addition, there has been little progress in understanding how sleep EEG in different brain regions responds to CSR. Using novel high-density EEG electrode arrays in the mouse model of CSR where mice underwent 18-h sleep deprivation per day for 5 consecutive days, we performed an extensive analysis of topographical NREM sleep EEG responses to the CSR condition, including period-amplitude analysis of individual slow waves. As previously reported in our analysis of REM sleep responses, we found different patterns of changes: (i) progressive decrease in NREM sleep duration and consolidation, (ii) persistent enhancement in NREM delta power especially in the frontal and parietal regions, and (iii) progressive increases in individual slow wave slope and frontal fast oscillation power. These results suggest that multiple sleep-wake regulatory systems exist in a brain region-specific manner, which can be modulated independently, especially in the CSR condition.

Effects of exercise on sleep

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Walker ◽  
T. C. Floyd ◽  
G. Fein ◽  
C. Cavness ◽  
R. Lualhati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Delta Activity

We tested the hypothesis that EEG sleep stages 3 and 4 (slow-wave sleep, SWS) would be increased as a function of either acute of chronic exercise. Ten distance runners were matched with 10 nonrunners, and their sleep was recorded under both habitual (runners running and nonrunners not running, 3 night) and abruptly changed (runners not running and nonrunners running, 1 night) conditions. Analyses of both visually scored SWS and computer measures of delta activity during non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep failed to support the SWS-exercise hypothesis. The runners showed a significantly higher proportion and a greater absolute amount of NREM sleep than the nonrunners. The runners showed less rapid eye-movement activity during sleep than the nonrunners under both experimental conditions, indicating a strong and unexpected effect of physical fitness on this measure. Modest afternoon exercise in nonrunners was associated with a strong trend toward elevated heart rate during sleep. Mood tests and personality profiles revealed few differences, either between groups or within groups, as a function of exercise.

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