scholarly journals Apraxia in children and adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Guilleminault ◽  
Yu-Shu Huang ◽  
Stacey Quo
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Growth Impairment ◽  
Sensorimotor Development ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Oral Development ◽  
Blind Recognition

Abstract Study Objectives Early in life impairment of orofacial growth leads to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Normal lingual gnosis and praxis are part of this early development related to the normal sensorimotor development of the tongue and surrounding oral musculature. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore if lingual praxia is impaired in both SDB children and adults and if there is an association to craniofacial morphology. Methods The ability to perform simple tongue maneuvers was investigated in 100 prepubertal SDB children and 150 SDB adults (shown with polysomnography). All individuals had a clinical investigation by specialists to assess any orofacial growth impairment and the elements potentially behind this impairment. In a subgroup of individuals both able and unable to perform the maneuvers, we also performed a blind recognition of forms placed in the mouth. Results A subgroup of pediatric and adult SDB patients presented evidence not only of orofacial growth impairment, but also apraxia independent of age and severity of OSA. Conclusions By 3 years of age, children should be able to perform requested tongue maneuvers and have oral form recognition. Abnormal gnosis–praxis was noted, independent of age in SDB children and adults, demonstrating that an abnormal functioning of the tongue in the oral cavity during early development can be detected. Both children and adults with SDB may present similar absences of normal oral development very early in life and a similar presentation of apraxia, suggesting that the distinction of SDB in children versus adults may not be relevant.

scholarly journals The impact of chronic rhinosinusitis on sleep-disordered breathing

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Rong-San Jiang ◽  
Kai-Li Liang ◽  
Chung-Han Hsin ◽  
Mao-Chang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Background: The nose plays an important role in sleep quality. Very little is known about sleep problems in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CRS on sleep-disordered breathing. Methodology: CRS patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were collected between July 2010 and May 2015. Before surgery, they filled 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires, were asked about the severity of nasal obstruction, and received acoustic rhinometry, smell test, an endoscopic examination, sinus computed tomography, and a one-night polysomnography. Sleep quality was evaluated in these patients and was correlated with the severity of rhinosinusitis. Results: One hundred and thirty-nine CRS patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 38.1% complained of daytime sleepiness, and this sleep problem was correlated with the symptom of nasal obstruction. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was diagnosed in 64.7% of the patients, but there was no correlation with the severity of rhinosinusitis. Nasal polyps did not worsen sleep problems in the CRS patients. Conclusions: This study showed that CRS patents had a high prevalence of OSAS, and worse OSAS in CRS patients was not correlated with the severity of rhinosinusitis.

Investigating the Association between Wake-Up Stroke and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xin Lu ◽  
Wenhong Liu ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Meta Analyses

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Management of wake-up stroke (WUS) is always a challenge as no clear time of onset could be ascertained, and how to choose an appropriate therapy remains unclear. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been regarded as a potential risk factor to WUS, yet no consensus was achieved. Motivated by the need for a deeper understanding of WUS and its association with sleep apnea, meta-analyses summarizing the available evidence of respiratory events and indices were conducted, and sensitivity analysis was also used for heterogeneity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Electronic databases were systematically searched, and cross-checking was done for relevant studies. Collected data included demographic characteristics, and sleep apnea parameters were extracted with stroke patients divided into WUS and NWUS groups. Clinical data of stroke patients accompanied with sleep apnea syndrome (OSA, SAS, and severe SAS) were also extracted for meta-analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 13 studies were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that OSA, SAS, and severe SAS were significantly higher in WUS patients. A significantly higher AHI (WMD 7.74, 95% CI: 1.38–14.11; <i>p</i> = 0.017) and ODI (WMD of 3.85, 95% CI: 0.261–7.438; <i>p</i> = 0.035) than NWUS patients was also observed in the analysis of respiratory indices. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> WUS patients have severer SDB problems compared to NWUS patients suggesting that respiratory events during sleep might be underlying the induction of WUS. Besides, the induction of WUS was significantly associated with men rather than women. Therefore, early diagnosis and management of potential WUS patients should benefit from the detection of SDB status and respiratory effects.

scholarly journals Obstructive sleep apnea prevents the expected difference in craniofacial growth of boys and girls

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ligia Juliano ◽  
Marco Antonio Cardoso Machado ◽  
Luciane Bizari Coin de Carvalho ◽  
Gianni Mara Silva dos Santos ◽  
Edilson Zancanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Mouth Breather

OBJECTIVES: It was to compare cephalometric measures of mouth-breather boys and girls and with the cephalometric pattern observed in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. METHODS: Craniofacial measurements of lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from 144 children aged 7-14 years were compared between boys and girls, and both were compared to cephalometric pattern of OSAS patients. RESULTS: Mouth-breather boys and girls had no gender differences regarding to craniofacial morphology while nose-breather boys and girls showed those expected differences. Nose-breather boys presented a more retruded mandible and proinclined upper incisor when compared to nose-breather girls, but mouth-breather boys and girls had no differences. The measure NS.GoGn was the only variable with an interaction with gender and breathing. CONCLUSIONS: There were no cephalometric difference in mouth breather-boys and girls related to normal growth, suggesting that oral breathing make the same craniofacial morphology and both have craniofacial morphology close to that of OSAS patients.

Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children – an important problem in the light of current European guidelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Krzeski ◽  
Marcin Burghard
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a common clinical problem. An unrecognized and untreated SDB is a serious threat for an intensively developing organism of a child. The consequences of SDB include cardiovascular and neurological complications, growth disorders and enuresis. Therefore, SDB in children becomes an important subject of many scientific investigations, publications, and congresses. In 2015 the European Respiratory Society Task Force published a document concerning the conclusions about the diagnostics and treatment of SDB in children and youth from 2 to 18 years of age (Fig. 1). The scientific data from 362 publications were presented in a condensed form of “seven steps”, very useful in diagnosing and treatment planning (1). The authors underline the limited number of reliable evidence about SDB: prospective studies, randomized double-blinded studies with placebo. The presented evidence was categorized depending on their quality according to the classification of the American Academy of Neurology (ANN) into classes I – IV. Previously, in 2012, the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with tonsillar hypertrophy and/or obesity were published (2, 3) and they were a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic compendium. The European guidelines discussed in this article result from the progress of knowledge in recent years, they cover the subject broadly, consider rare and difficult cases and present the spectrum of potential therapeutic actions. The aim of the guidelines is a better recognition of SDB, a systematization of diagnosis and treatment at every stage of medical care, including the causes of this disorder and its complications.

scholarly journals Impact of Sleep Respiratory Disorders on Endothelial Function in Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigia Brunetti ◽  
Ruggiero Francavilla ◽  
Pietro Scicchitano ◽  
Valentina Tranchino ◽  
Maria Loscialpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children can induce endothelial dysfunction, a well-known early marker of atherosclerosis. The study aimed to evaluate a link among endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD)), obesity (evaluated by body mass index (BMI)), and sleep disordered breathing (SDB), assessed with apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI), in a paediatric population. We demonstrated that our little OSAS patients showed an impaired endothelial function as compared to controls. In particular, the higher the AHI, the worst the FMD values and thus the endothelial function. Although the population sample is small, this study demonstrated that OSAS could impair endothelial function and worsen cardiovascular risk profile since childhood.

scholarly journals Canadian Thoracic Society 2011 Guideline Update: Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Disordered Breathing

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fleetham ◽  
Najib Ayas ◽  
Douglas Bradley ◽  
Michael Fitzpatrick ◽  
Thomas K Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Disordered Breathing

The Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) published an executive summary of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disordered breathing in 2006/2007. These guidelines were developed during several meetings by a group of experts with evidence grading based on committee consensus. These guidelines were well received and the majority of the recommendations remain unchanged. The CTS embarked on a more rigorous process for the 2011 guideline update, and addressed eight areas that were believed to be controversial or in which new data emerged. The CTS Sleep Disordered Breathing Committee posed specific questions for each area. The recommendations regarding maximum assessment wait times, portable monitoring, treatment of asymptomatic adult obstructive sleep apnea patients, treatment with conventional continuous positive airway pressure compared with automatic continuous positive airway pressure, and treatment of central sleep apnea syndrome in heart failure patients replace the recommendations in the 2006/2007 guidelines. The recommendations on bariatric surgery, complex sleep apnea and optimum positive airway pressure technologies are new topics, which were not covered in the 2006/2007 guidelines.

Treatment of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

1995 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. P143-P143
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Mickelson ◽  
B. Tucker Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Abnormal Sleep

Educational objectives: To discuss normal and abnormal sleep patterns, to understand the polysomnogram and the pathophysiology of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and to become familiar with advances in the management of sleep disordered breathing and to understand the various diagnostic tests and surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities now available and to individualize the approach in surgical treatment.

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