Arterial Blood Gas Measurements in Guinea Pigs and Inspired CO2 Concentrations for Ventilatory Performance Challenges

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
Y. ALARIE ◽  
M. F. STOCK
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Performance Challenges

Arterial blood gas measurements during deep open-water breath-hold dives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Scott ◽  
Hanna van Waart ◽  
Xavier CE Vrijdag ◽  
David Mullins ◽  
Peter Mesley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Compression And Expansion ◽  
Gas Measurements

Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements at both maximum depth and at re-surfacing prior to breathing have not previously been measured during freedives conducted to extreme depth in cold open-water conditions. An elite freediver was instrumented with a left radial arterial cannula connected to two sampling syringes through a low-volume splitting device. He performed two open-water dives to 60 metres depth (197', 7 atmospheres absolute pressure) in the constant weight with fins competition format. ABG samples were drawn at 60 metres (by a mixed-gas scuba diver), and again on re-surfacing before breathing. An immersed surface static apnea, of identical length to the dives and with ABG sampling at identical times, was also performed. Both dives lasted approximately two minutes. PaO2 increased during descent from an indicative baseline of 15.8 kPa (after hyperventilation and glossopharyngeal insufflation) to 42.8 and 33.3 kPa (dives one and two), and decreased precipitously (to 8.2 and 8.6 kPa) during ascent. PaCO2 also increased from a low indicative baseline of 2.8 kPa to 6.3 and 5.1 kPa on dives one and two; an increase not explained by metabolic production of CO2 alone since PaCO2 actually decreased during ascent (to 5.2 and 4.5 kPa). Surface static apnea caused a steady decrease in PaO2 and increase in PaCO2 without the inflections provoked by depth changes. Lung compression and expansion provoke significant changes in both PaO2 and PaCO2 during rapid descent and ascent on a deep freedive. These changes generally support predictive hypotheses and previous findings in less extreme settings.

Arterial blood gases

2007 ◽  
pp. 319-326
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Measurements

Arterial blood gas (ABGs) analysis forms the cornerstone of emergency respiratory investigation. In many situations values obtained dictate management strategy and facilitate decision-making. It is an uncomfortable procedure for the patients and if repeated ABGs are required, consider whether less invasive measures, such as respiratory rate, pulse oximetry or capillary blood gas measurements could be used....

scholarly journals Comparison of capillary and arterial blood gas measurements in neonates.

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (7 Spec No) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
B I McLain ◽  
J Evans ◽  
P R Dear
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Measurements

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety Testing of a COVID-19 Era Emergency Ventilator in a Healthy Rabbit Lung Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke A. White ◽  
Benjamin S. Maxey ◽  
Giovanni F. Solitro ◽  
Hidehiro Takei ◽  
Steven A. Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Emergency Ventilation ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a substantial and unmet need for low-cost, easily accessible mechanical ventilation strategies for use in medical resource-challenged areas. Internationally, several groups developed non-conventional COVID-19 era emergency ventilator strategies as a stopgap measure when conventional ventilators were unavailable. Here, we compared our FALCON emergency ventilator in a rabbit model and compared its safety and functionality to conventional mechanical ventilation. Methods: New Zealand white rabbits (n = 5) received mechanical ventilation from either the FALCON or a conventional mechanical ventilator (Engström CarestationTM) for 1 hour each. Airflow and pressure, blood O2 saturation, end tidal CO2, and arterial blood gas measurements were measured. Additionally, gross and histological lung samples were compared to spontaneously breathing rabbits (n = 3) to assess signs of ventilator induced lung injury.Results: All rabbits were successfully ventilated with the FALCON. At identical ventilator settings, tidal volumes, pressures, and respiratory rates were similar between both ventilators, but the inspiratory to expiratory ratio was lower using the FALCON. End tidal CO2 was significantly higher on the FALCON, and arterial blood gas measurements demonstrated lower arterial partial pressure of O2 at 30 minutes and higher arterial partial pressure of CO2 at 30 and 60 minutes using the FALCON. However, when ventilated at higher respiratory rates, we observed a stepwise decrease in end tidal CO2. Poincaré plot analysis demonstrated small but significant increases in short-term and long-term variation of peak inspiratory pressure generation from the FALCON. Wet to dry lung weight and lung injury scoring between the mechanically ventilated and spontaneously breathing rabbits were similar. Conclusions: Although conventional ventilators are always preferable outside of emergency use, the FALCON ventilator safely and effectively ventilated healthy rabbits without lung injury. Emergency ventilation using accessible and inexpensive strategies like the FALCON may be useful for communities with low access to medical resources and as a backup form of emergency ventilation.

Concordance Between Capnography and Arterial Blood Gas Measurements of Carbon Dioxide in Acute Asthma

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Corbo ◽  
Polly Bijur ◽  
Michael Lahn ◽  
E. John Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Measurements
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