scholarly journals Early Postnatal Manganese Exposure Reduces Rat Cortical and Striatal Biogenic Amine Activity in Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Lasley ◽  
Casimir A Fornal ◽  
Shyamali Mandal ◽  
Barbara J Strupp ◽  
Stephane A Beaudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Intracerebral Microdialysis ◽  
Manganese Exposure ◽  
Fine Motor Function ◽  
Amine Function ◽  
The Right

Abstract Growing evidence from studies with children and animal models suggests that elevated levels of manganese during early development lead to lasting cognitive and fine motor deficits. This study was performed to assess presynaptic biogenic amine function in forebrain of adult Long-Evans rats exposed orally to 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over postnatal day 1–21 or continuously from birth to the end of the study (approximately postnatal day 500). Intracerebral microdialysis in awake rats quantified evoked outflow of biogenic amines in the right medial prefrontal cortex and left striatum. Results indicated that brain manganese levels in the early life exposed groups (postnatal day 24) largely returned to control levels by postnatal day 66, whereas levels in the lifelong exposed groups remained elevated 10%–20% compared with controls at the same ages. Manganese exposure restricted to the early postnatal period caused lasting reductions in cortical potassium-stimulated extracellular norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, and reductions in striatal extracellular dopamine. Lifelong manganese exposure produced similar effects with the addition of significant decreases in cortical dopamine that were not evident in the early postnatal exposed groups. These results indicate that early postnatal manganese exposure produces persistent deficits in cortical and striatal biogenic amine function. Given that these same animals exhibited lasting impairments in attention and fine motor function, these findings suggest that reductions in catecholaminergic activity are a primary factor underlying the behavioral effects caused by manganese, and indicate that children exposed to elevated levels of manganese during early development are at the greatest risk for neuronal deficiencies that persist into adulthood.

Upper limb proprioception and fine motor function in young pianists

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 102748
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Tseng ◽  
Fu-Chen Chen ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai ◽  
Jürgen Konczak
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Function ◽  
Limb Proprioception

scholarly journals Changes in Midbrain Pain Receptor Expression, Gait and Behavioral Sensitivity in a Rat Model of Radiculopathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Y Hwang ◽  
Kyle D Allen ◽  
Mohammed F Shamji ◽  
Liufang Jing ◽  
Brian A Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Behavioral Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Pain Receptors ◽  
The Right

Intervertebral disc herniation may contribute to inflammatory processes that associate with radicular pain and motor deficits. Molecular changes at the affected dorsal root ganglion (DRG), spinal cord, and even midbrain, have been documented in rat models of radiculopathy or nerve injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate gait and the expression of key pain receptors in the midbrain in a rodent model of radiculopathy. Radiculopathy was induced by harvesting tail nucleus pulposus (NP) and placing upon the right L5 DRG in rats (NP-treated, n=12). Tail NP was discarded in sham-operated animals (n=12). Mechanical allodynia, weight-bearing, and gait were evaluated in all animals over time. At 1 and 4 weeks after surgery, astrocyte and microglial activation was tested in DRG sections. Midbrain sections were similarly evaluated for immunoreactivity to serotonin (5HT2B), mu-opioid (µ-OR), and metabotropic glutamate (mGluR4 and 5) receptor antibodies. NP-treated animals placed less weight on the affected limb 1 week after surgery and experienced mechanical hypersensitivity over the duration of the study. Astroctye activation was observed at DRGs only at 4 weeks after surgery. Findings for pain receptors in the midbrain of NP-treated rats included an increased expression of 5HT2B at 1, but not 4 weeks; increased expression of µ-OR and mGluR5 at 1 and 4 weeks (periaqueductal gray region only); and no changes in expression of mGluR4 at any point in this study. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that the midbrain responds to DRG injury with a transient change in receptors regulating pain responses.

scholarly journals Visuo-motor integration, vision perception and attention in mTBI patients. Preliminary findings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250598
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Benassi ◽  
Davide Frattini ◽  
Sara Garofalo ◽  
Roberto Bolzani ◽  
Tony Pansell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Critical Flicker Fusion ◽  
Visuomotor Coordination ◽  
Form Recognition ◽  
Flicker Fusion

Patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) often report difficulties in motor coordination and visuo-spatial attention. However, the consequences of mTBI on fine motor and visuo-motor coordination are still not well understood. We aimed to evaluate whether mTBI had a concomitant effect on fine motor ability and visuo-motor integration and whether this is related to visual perception and visuo-spatial attention impairments, including patients at different symptoms stage. Eleven mTBI patients (mean age 22.8 years) and ten healthy controls participated in the study. Visuo-motor integration of fine motor abilities and form recognition were measured with the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration test, motion perception was evaluated with motion coherence test, critical flicker fusion was measured with Pocket CFF tester. Visuo-spatial was assessed with the Ruff 2 & 7 Selection Attention Test. mTBI patients showed reduced visuo-motor integration, form recognition, and motor deficits as well as visuo-spatial attention impairment, while motion perception and critical flicker fusion were not impaired. These preliminary findings suggest that the temporary brain insults deriving from mTBI compromise fine motor skills, visuomotor integration, form recognition, and visuo-spatial attention. The impairment in visuo-motor coordination was associated with speed in visuo-attention and correlated with symptoms severity while motor ability was correlated with time since concussion. Given the strong correlation between visuomotor coordination and symptom severity, further investigation with a larger sample seems warranted. Since there appeared to be differences in motor skills with respect to symptom stage, further research is needed to investigate symptom profiles associated with visuomotor coordination and fine motor deficits in mTBI patients.

scholarly journals Epilepsy and Fine Motor Function

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
J Gordon Millichap ◽  
John J Millichap
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Function

scholarly journals Ischemic stroke with agraphestesia signal focus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Lopes Espínola da Costa Reis ◽  
Leonardo Henrique Gandolfi de Souza ◽  
Vitor Roberto Pugliesi Marques
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Ischemic Event ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sensory Ability

Introduction: The ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability in Brazil. Among the main risk factors are age, atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetes, dyslipidemia and physical inactivity. The main etiology of stroke is cardioembolic, resulting in obstruction of the cerebral arteries by a thrombus of cardiac origin. The artery most affected in ischemic strokes is the middle cerebral artery. The stroke has main characteristics, with emphasis on the sudden onset of symptoms, involvement of a focal area, ischemia caused by obstruction of a vessel and neurological deficits depending on the affected area. Graphesthesia is defined as a cutaneous sensory ability to recognize letters or numbers traced on the skin. The loss of this sensory ability is known as agraphesthesia. Case Report: M.A.F.O. female, 78a, arrived at the UPA complaining of mental confusion. Patient denies previous stroke. Personal history of systemic arterial hypertension. Upon physical examination, the patient was conscious, self and disoriented and inattentive. He was able to repeat and evoke words, without measurable motor déficits. Left upper limb with agraphestesia. Computed tomography was requested, which showed an extensive hypodense area in the right parietoccipital region, which leads to the erasure of the furrows between the adjacent gyres, which may correspond to a recent ischemic event. Magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-restricted area with correspondence on the ADC map, located in the right temporoparietal region inferring an acute ischemic event. An electrocardiogram was also requested, which showed an irregular rhythm, characteristic of atrial fibrillation, resulting in a diagnostic hypothesis of cardioembolic ischemic stroke. Discussion: The involvement of post-central ischemic gyrus lesions may correspond to paresthesia, anesthesia, hypoesthesia; the involvement of secondary and terciary areas of sensitivity in the upper parietal lobe, especially in the active movements of the hand and in the modalities of integrated sensitivity, their lesions may be clinically affected by: apraxias, dysgraphias, hemineglect, agraphestesia, stereoagnosia and spacial disorientation.

scholarly journals Surgical aspects of the treatment of neonatal ovarian cysts in girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
D. A. Malysheva ◽  
A. A. Sukhotskaya ◽  
V. G. Bairov ◽  
I. M. Kagantsov ◽  
N. A. Kokhreidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Laparoscopic Fenestration ◽  
Dynamic Ultrasound ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Neonatal ovarian cysts develop in case of hormonal imbalance in the mother-placenta-fetus system. Cystic transformation in the ovary may cause appendage torsion which leads to follicular necrosis and loss of ovarian reserve. Most often, torsion occurs in the utero, but in premature girls- due to the specific hormonal status - the risk of cyst growth and its torsion remains in the postnatal period. Currently, a unified approach to the surgical treatment of neonatal ovarian cysts is absent.Material and methods. In the department of pediatric surgery for malformations in the Perinatal Center of the Amazov National Medical Research Center, 34 girls with ovarian cysts were examined during 2012-2020; 9 of them (27%) were premature. In the presented observation, we faced an ovarian cyst in the fetus of 30 week gestation.Results. The cyst looked uncomplicated, but had the enormous size, so we discussed a possibility to perform an intrauterine puncture. However, due to severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and premature delivery, the intervention was not carried out. By the third week of life, torsion of the cystic-transformed ovary developed; necrosis and self-amputation of the right uterine appendage were revealed intraoperatively. By the age of three months, cystic transformation of the only ovary developed. Timely performed laparoscopic fenestration was organ-sparing. Further follow-up revealed preserved and normally growing single ovary what confirmed the right choice of surgical tactics.Conclusion. Dynamic ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is indicated to all premature girls, at least once every two weeks (in case of revealed ovarian cyst - weekly). We consider it reasonable to make the laparoscopic fenestration of uncomplicated cysts that have size of 3 cm and more. Newborn girls with ovarian cysts should be under the joint control of pediatrician and pediatric gynecologist for developing an individual follow-up plan.

scholarly journals Clinical-enabled aspects after Neurotoxoplasmosis in a patient with immunosuppression: a case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrielle Galanti ◽  
Verônia Corrêa César Rodrigues ◽  
Daniela Maria Ribeiro Vaz ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira Borges
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background: Neurotoxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma Gondii, frequent in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome who become immunosuppressed by the presence of the disease. It can be presented by one or more brain abscesses, encephalitis or ventriculitis. Objectives: case report of a volunteer after neurological sequelae of neurotoxoplasmosis in order to highlight the relevant findings for a neurofunctional rehabilitation. Design and setting: This is an observational, cross-sectional case report type study conducted at the Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia of the University of Franca (UNIFRAN), with CEP approval (CAAE 83164918.2.0000.5495). Methods: Female patient, 53 years old. In the physiotherapy sector, neurological evaluation of the components was performed: sensitivity, movement, tone, reflexes, motor coordination, balance and gait. Balance and gait were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale, the Standing and Walking Test and the Dynamic Walking Index. Results: After clinical investigation, neurological toxoplasmosis infection was found in the right cerebral hemisphere. The physiotherapeutic evaluation showed the presence of left hemiparesis, the presence of spastic hypertonia, patellar and achilles hyperreflexia, the absence of fine motor skills and the presence of a reaping gait. The BSE result was 32 points, the TUG was 10.3 seconds and IMD was 20 points. Conclusion: The compromises found have an impact on the functionality of the volunteer. This study emphasizes the valorization of neurofunctional physiotherapeutic semiology for a treatment proposal that promotes greater functional independence.

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