Effect of Rice Blast and Sheath Blight on Physical Properties of Selected Rice Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Candole ◽  
T. J. Siebenmorgen ◽  
F. N. Lee ◽  
R. D. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Rice Cultivars

scholarly journals Resistance spectra of six elite breeding lines of upland rice to Pyricularia grisea

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sitarama Prabhu ◽  
Emílio da Maia de Castro ◽  
Leila Garcês de Araújo ◽  
Rodrigo Fascin Berni
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Differential Reaction ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance spectra of six elite breeding lines of rice, developed for improved yield and grain quality, in inoculation tests in the greenhouse and in the field. Forty-six isolates of Pyricularia grisea collected from the cultivar Primavera, 31 from the cultivar Maravilha and 19 from six elite breeding lines, totaling 96 were utilized for inoculations. Out of 11 international and 15 Brazilian pathotypes, IC-1, IB-9, and BD-16, respectively, were identified as most frequent isolates collected from the cultivar Primavera. The isolates retrieved from Maravilha belong to four international and 11 Brazilian pathotypes, the predominant ones being IB-9 and IB-49 and BB-1 and BB-21, respectively. Lines CNAs 8711 and CNAs 8983 showed resistant reaction to all test isolates from Maravilha, while CNAs 8983 was susceptible to three isolates of Primavera pertaining to the pathotype IC-1. A majority of isolates exhibiting compatible reaction to Primavera were incompatible to Maravilha and vice-versa.Field assessment of rice blast utilizing the area under disease progress curve as a criterion for measuring disease severity showed significant differences among the six breeding lines. The isolates of P. grisea exhibiting differential reaction on breeding lines can be utilized in pyramiding resistance genes in new upland rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice Responses to the Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae at Different Growth Stages

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinglong Chen ◽  
Yulin Jia ◽  
Bo Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most damaging disease for rice worldwide. However, the reactions of rice to M. oryzae at different growth stages are largely unknown. In the present study, two temperate japonica rice cultivars, M-202 and Nipponbare, were inoculated synchronously at different vegetative growth stages, V1 to V10. Plants of M-202 at each stage from V1 to reproductive stage R8 were inoculated with M. oryzae race (isolate) IB-49 (ZN61) under controlled conditions. Disease reactions were recorded 7 days postinoculation by measuring the percentage of diseased area of all leaves, excluding the youngest leaf. The results showed that the plants were significantly susceptible at the V1 to V4 stages with a disease severity of 26.7 to 46.8% and disease index of 18.62 to 37.76 for M-202. At the V1 to V2 stages, the plants were significantly susceptible with a disease a severity of 28.6 to 39.3% and disease index of 23.65 to 29.82 for Nipponbare. Similar results were observed when plants of M-202 were inoculated at each growth stage with a disease severity of 29.7 to 60.6% and disease index of 21.93 to 59.25 from V1 to V4. Susceptibility decreased after the V5 stage (severity 4.6% and index 2.17) and became completely resistant at the V9 to V10 stages and after the reproductive stages, suggesting that plants have enhanced disease resistance at later growth stages. These findings are useful for managing rice blast disease in commercial rice production worldwide.

scholarly journals The overexpression of OsACBP5 protects transgenic rice against necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saritha Panthapulakkal Narayanan ◽  
Shiu-Cheung Lung ◽  
Pan Liao ◽  
Clive Lo ◽  
Mee-Len Chye
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Biotrophic Pathogens

Abstract The most devastating diseases in rice (Oryza sativa) are sheath blight caused by the fungal necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, rice blast by hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and leaf blight by bacterial biotroph Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). It has been reported that the Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) such as those from dicots (Arabidopsis and grapevine) play a role in defence against biotrophic pathogens. Of the six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ACBPs, AtACBP3 conferred protection in transgenic Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae, but not the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Similar to Arabidopsis, rice possesses six ACBPs, designated OsACBPs. The aims of this study were to test whether OsACBP5, the homologue of AtACBP3, can confer resistance against representative necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic phytopathogens and to understand the mechanisms in protection. Herein, when OsACBP5 was overexpressed in rice, the OsACBP5-overexpressing (OsACBP5-OE) lines exhibited enhanced disease resistance against representative necrotrophic (R. solani & Cercospora oryzae), hemibiotrophic (M. oryzae & Fusarium graminearum) and biotrophic (Xoo) phytopathogens. Progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the jasmonate (JA)-signalling deficient mutant were more susceptible than the wild type to infection by the necrotroph R. solani. In contrast, progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the salicylic acid (SA)-signalling deficient mutant was more susceptible to infection by the hemibiotroph M. oryzae and biotroph Xoo. Hence, enhanced resistance of OsACBP5-OEs against representative necrotrophs appears to be JA-dependent whilst that to (hemi)biotrophs is SA-mediated.

scholarly journals Genotyping-by-Sequencing-Based Genetic Analysis of African Rice Cultivars and Association Mapping of Blast Resistance Genes Against Magnaporthe oryzae Populations in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel M. Mgonja ◽  
Chan Ho Park ◽  
Houxiang Kang ◽  
Elias G. Balimponya ◽  
Stephen Opiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
R Genes ◽  
African Rice

Understanding the genetic diversity of rice germplasm is important for the sustainable use of genetic materials in rice breeding and production. Africa is rich in rice genetic resources that can be utilized to boost rice productivity on the continent. A major constraint to rice production in Africa is rice blast, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. In this report, we present the results of a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-based diversity analysis of 190 African rice cultivars and an association mapping of blast resistance (R) genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The 190 African cultivars were clustered into three groups based on the 184K single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by GBS. We inoculated the rice cultivars with six African M. oryzae isolates. Association mapping identified 25 genomic regions associated with blast resistance (RABRs) in the rice genome. Moreover, PCR analysis indicated that RABR_23 is associated with the Pi-ta gene on chromosome 12. Our study demonstrates that the combination of GBS-based genetic diversity population analysis and association mapping is effective in identifying rice blast R genes/QTLs that contribute to resistance against African populations of M. oryzae. The identified markers linked to the RABRs and 14 highly resistant cultivars in this study will be useful for rice breeding in Africa.

Chitinase levels in rice cultivars correlate with resistance to the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

2007 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Shrestha ◽  
I. Oña ◽  
S. Muthukrishnan ◽  
T. W. Mew
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Genetic Mapping of Sheath Blight Resistance QTLs within Tropical Japonica Rice Cultivars

Crop Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Sharma ◽  
Anna M. McClung ◽  
Shannon R. M. Pinson ◽  
Joseph L. Kepiro ◽  
A. Robert Shank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Tropical Japonica ◽  
Sheath Blight Resistance

scholarly journals Sensitivity to a Phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani Correlates with Sheath Blight Susceptibility in Rice

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Epistatic Interaction ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Toxin Sensitivity ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Sheath blight is one of the most important and intractable diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) where limited control has been achieved using traditional approaches. Quantitative inheritance, extraneous traits, and environmental factors confound genetic analysis of host resistance. A method was developed to isolate and utilize a phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani to investigate the genetics of sheath blight susceptibility. Infiltration of the toxin preparation into plant leaves induced necrosis in rice, maize, and tomato. Using 17 rice cultivars known to vary in sheath blight resistance, genotypes were identified that were sensitive (tox-S) and insensitive (tox-I) to the toxin, and a correlation (r = 0.66) between toxin sensitivity and disease susceptibility was observed. Given the broad host range of R. solani, genotypes of host species may be both tox-S and tox-I. A total of 154 F2 progeny from a cross between Cypress (tox-S) and Jasmine 85 (tox-I) segregated in a 9:7 ratio for tox-S/tox-I, indicating an epistatic interaction between two genes controls sensitivity to the toxin in rice. This work provides the means to genetically map toxin sensitivity genes and eliminate susceptible genotypes when developing sheath blight-resistant rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on the Infection of Rice Blast and Sheath Blight

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Ishiguro ◽  
T. Nakajima ◽  
H. Y. Kim ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease

The effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on rice blast and sheath blight disease severity was studied in the field in northern Japan for 3 years. With free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE), rice plants were grown in ambient and elevated (≈200 to 280 μmol mol-1 above ambient) CO2 concentrations, and were artificially inoculated with consist of Magnaporthe oryzae. Rice plants grown in an elevated CO2 concentration were more susceptible to leaf blast than those in ambient CO2 as indicated by the increased number of leaf blast lesions. Plants grown under elevated CO2 concentration had lower leaf silicon content, which may have contributed to the increased susceptibility to leaf blast under elevated CO2 concentrations. In contrast to leaf blast, panicle blast severity was unchanged by the CO2 enrichment under artificial inoculation, whereas it was slightly but significantly higher under elevated CO2 concentrations in a spontaneous rice blast epidemic. For naturally occurring epidemics of the sheath blight development in rice plants, the percentage of diseased plants was higher under elevated as opposed to ambient CO2 concentrations. However, the average height of lesions above the soil surface was similar between the treatments. One hypothesis is that the higher number of tillers observed under elevated CO2 concentrations may have increased the chance for fungal sclerotia to adhere to the leaf sheath at the water surface. Consequently, the potential risks for infection of leaf blast and epidemics of sheath blight would increase in rice grown under elevated CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SALT TOLERANT BACTERIA FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF RICE BLAST AND SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE ON MANGROVE RICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1A) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Minh
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
Model Combination

From 22 rice, soil and water samples collected in the field of Long An and Tien Giang provinces, we isolated and screened 87 strains of bacteria around the root zone and endophytic bacteria. Through testing the ability of plant growth stimulation, the result showed 16 strains were capable of nitrogen fixation, 13 strains were capable of phosphate solubilization, 27 strains were capable of IAA production and 2 strains had all 3 activities. By the dual testing method and the percentage of inhibition method between bacterial and fungal pathogen, LD5 and LS6 strains had the highest antifungal activity against Rhizotocnia sp. CR1 at 94.02 %. TS3 and TĐ13 strains had the highest antifungal activity against Magnaporthe sp. BP3 at 81.74 ± 0.88 % and 80 ± 0.60 %, respectively. Furthermore, there were 6 strains inhibiting both Rhizotocnia sp. CR1 and Magnaporthe sp. BP3 (LĐ5, LS4, LS6, LN1, LN6, TS3). The strains were identified by biochemical methods. The results showed that LD5, LS6 and TS3 were 70.37 % similar to Bacillus thurigiensis, TD13 strain was 70.37 % similar to Bacillus pantothenticus, TD9 strain was 72.72 % similar to Azotobacter vinelandii and TD6 strain was 70.37 % similar to Bacillus subtilis. Regarding the test of activity to stimulate growth in net house model, combination of 4-strain (TD6, TD9, TD13, TS3) had the effect of increasing the length of roots, trunk and weight of rice compared with control treatment. For evaluation of biocontrol of fungal pathogen in net house model, the abilities to control sheath blight in N-2C1 and N-LĐ5 treatment were the highest (40.59 % and 39.06 %, respectively). The ability to control rice blast in N-2C2 treatment was the highest (41.26 %). The ability to biocontrol both sheath blight and rice blast in N-4C treatment was 37.89 %.

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