First Report of Soybean Cyst Nematode Reproduction on Purple Deadnettle under Field Conditions

Management of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) relies heavily on use of SCN-resistant soybean varieties to limit nematode reproduction and minimize yield loss. For Iowa, almost all SCN-resistant soybean varieties contain SCN resistance genes from a breeding line named Plant Introduction (PI) 88788. Iowa State University conducts experiments to evaluate numerous SCN-resistant and three to four SCN-susceptible soybean varieties in up to nine field experiments across Iowa each year. Data on SCN population density, virulence (SCN race and HG type), soybean yield, precipitation, and growing degree days from more than 25,000 four-row plots in field experiments conducted from 2001 to 2015 were analyzed to determine how these factors affected SCN reproduction and yield. SCN population densities were positively correlated with temperatures and negatively associated with precipitation during the growing seasons, indicating that SCN reproduction was greatest in hot, dry years. Over the years, virulence of SCN populations on PI 88788 increased in the fields in which the experiments were conducted, resulting in increased end-of-season SCN population densities and reduced yields of SCN-resistant soybean varieties with the PI 88788 source of resistance. These results indicate that soybean yield loss caused by SCN on resistant varieties with the common PI 88788 source of resistance likely will increase as virulence of SCN populations increases unless new sources of resistance become widely available and used in the future.

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Response of secondary selection on soybean cyst nematode reproduction on resistant soybean lines

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/0261-2194(85)90020-1 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 231-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.C. Anand ◽

C.R. Shumway

Keyword(s):

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Nematode Reproduction

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First Report of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) on Soybean in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.11.1287a ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 1287-1287 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. A. Bradley ◽

C. R. Biller ◽

B. D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

North Dakota ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Plant Introduction ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

First Report ◽

Second Stage ◽

The North ◽

Pi 88788

During August 2003, soybean (Glycine max) plants from Richland County, North Dakota with white-to-yellow, lemon-shaped structures on the roots were brought to the North Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. To confirm that the structures were females of a cyst nematode, they were crushed and observed microscopically to determine if nematode eggs and second-stage juveniles were present. Morphology of the second-stage juveniles was consistent with Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). A survey was conducted in soybean fields in 34 km2 around the field in which the samples originated. Ten of twenty fields surveyed had visible females on the roots of plants. Symptoms observed in those fields included patches of stunted, chlorotic, and dead plants. Soil samples were collected from selected areas within eight fields, eggs were extracted using standard soil sieving techniques, and egg numbers were determined. Egg numbers ranged from 550 to 20,000 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil. SCN collected from two different fields, designated as Dwight and LaMars, were used to determine their HG Type. Standardized procedures (1) were used in a growth chamber set at 27°C with 16-h days. Pots in the test were organized in a completely randomized design with three replicates; the test was repeated over time. After 30 days, females were extracted from roots and counted, and a female index (FI) was calculated for each indicator line (1). The mean number of females on susceptible standard cv. Lee 74, was 110. The Dwight SCN population had an FI of 5.3 on plant introduction (PI) 88788, 1.5 on PI 209332, 5.8 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. The LaMars population had an FI of 1.0 on PI 88788, 3.1 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. These results indicate that both SCN populations tested are HG Type 0. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCN on soybean in North Dakota. Because other hosts of SCN, as well as soybean, are economically important in North Dakota, such as dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and dry pea (Pisum sativum), this disease could adversely impact several commodities throughout the state. Reference: (1) T. L. Niblack et al. J. Nematol. 34:279, 2002.

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First Report of the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines, on Soybean in Zhejiang, Eastern China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-3-0319b ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 319-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Zheng ◽

Y. Zhang ◽

X. Li ◽

L. Zhao ◽

S. Chen

Keyword(s):

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Eastern China ◽

Mainland China ◽

Its Region ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Northeastern China ◽

First Report ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Two Populations

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is a destructive pest of soybean. Damage to soybean by SCN was first reported from northeastern China in 1899 (1). SCN has been documented in Anhui, Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces in mainland China (1). These provinces are situated in the Heilongjiang and Songhuajing valleys in northeastern China and the eastern region of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in northern China and have cold to temperate climates. In June of 2008, cyst-forming nematodes were detected in two soybean-growing areas of Hangzhou and Xiaoshan in Zhejiang Province, in subtropical eastern China. The soybean plants at the Hangzhou site showed symptoms of stunting and chlorosis, whereas no aboveground or root symptoms were observed on soybean plants at the Xiaoshan site, except for the presence of SCN females on the roots. The two populations had the same morphological and molecular characters. The cysts were lemon shaped with posterior protuberance, ambifenestrate, underbridge and bullae strongly developed, and lateral field of second-stage juveniles consisted of four incisures. The key morphometrics of cysts were fenestra length (41 to 52 μm) and width (33 to 48 μm), vulval silt (47 to 55 μm), and underbridge length (79 to 94 μm), all of which were coincident with that of SCN (2). Amplification of rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using primers TW81 (5′-GTT TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GC-3′) and AB28 (5′-ATA TGC TTA AGT TCA GCG GGT-3′) yielded a PCR fragment of approximately 1,030 bp. The digestion patterns of the PCR fragments of the ITS region with AluI, AvaI, CfoI, MvaI, and RsaI showed identical restriction profiles to H. glycines (3), and the sequences exhibited 100% similarity with those of H. glycines isolates, Accession No. AY667456 from GenBank. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed that the two populations of cyst-forming nematodes from Zhejiang are SCN. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCN in Zhejiang, now the most southern location in mainland China with confirmed infestation of SCN. References: (1) Z. X. Liu et al. Int. J. Nematol. 7:18, 1997. (2) R. H. Mulvey. Can. J. Zool. 50:1277, 1972. (3) J. Zheng et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 8:109, 2000.

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Effects of Continuous Culture of Resistant Soybean Cultivars on Soybean Cyst Nematode Reproduction

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-69-237 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. D. Young

Keyword(s):

Continuous Culture ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Soybean Cultivars

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Influence of Intraspecific Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum) Competition on Soybean Cyst Nematode Reproduction

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-07-051.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 665-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. Earl Creech ◽

Jamal Faghihi ◽

Virginia R. Ferris ◽

Andreas Westphal ◽

William G. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Root Biomass ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Egg Production ◽

Plant Density ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Number Of Stems

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of henbit and purple deadnettle density on weed biomass accumulation and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) reproduction. SCN did not impact shoot or root dry weight of purple deadnettle, henbit, or soybean. Foliar and root biomass of henbit and purple deadnettle were comparable but the biomass per stem was higher for purple deadnettle. Shoot and root biomass per pot of henbit and purple deadnettle at corresponding plant densities were statistically similar and were generally higher with increasing plant density. Henbit produced a greater number of stems than purple deadnettle and the least number of stems for both species existed at low densities. Purple deadnettle allowed for more SCN reproduction than did henbit. Weed densities also influenced SCN cyst and egg production but the results were species dependent. The highest SCN reproduction per pot was supported at low to moderate densities of purple deadnettle but at moderate to high densities of henbit. These results suggest that purple deadnettle should be more aggressively managed than henbit in management programs for SCN, but that henbit, especially at high densities, can support SCN reproduction at levels near those of purple deadnettle.

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