scholarly journals Increase in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence and Reproduction on Resistant Soybean Varieties in Iowa From 2001 to 2015 and the Effects on Soybean Yields

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. McCarville ◽  
Christopher C. Marett ◽  
Mark P. Mullaney ◽  
Gregory D. Gebhart ◽  
Gregory L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Pi 88788

Management of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) relies heavily on use of SCN-resistant soybean varieties to limit nematode reproduction and minimize yield loss. For Iowa, almost all SCN-resistant soybean varieties contain SCN resistance genes from a breeding line named Plant Introduction (PI) 88788. Iowa State University conducts experiments to evaluate numerous SCN-resistant and three to four SCN-susceptible soybean varieties in up to nine field experiments across Iowa each year. Data on SCN population density, virulence (SCN race and HG type), soybean yield, precipitation, and growing degree days from more than 25,000 four-row plots in field experiments conducted from 2001 to 2015 were analyzed to determine how these factors affected SCN reproduction and yield. SCN population densities were positively correlated with temperatures and negatively associated with precipitation during the growing seasons, indicating that SCN reproduction was greatest in hot, dry years. Over the years, virulence of SCN populations on PI 88788 increased in the fields in which the experiments were conducted, resulting in increased end-of-season SCN population densities and reduced yields of SCN-resistant soybean varieties with the PI 88788 source of resistance. These results indicate that soybean yield loss caused by SCN on resistant varieties with the common PI 88788 source of resistance likely will increase as virulence of SCN populations increases unless new sources of resistance become widely available and used in the future.

scholarly journals Distribution and Virulence Phenotypes of Heterodera glycines in Missouri

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Niblack ◽  
J. A. Wrather ◽  
R. D. Heinz ◽  
P. A. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Two Samples

The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is the most economically important pathogen of soybean in Missouri. Knowledge of the nematode's distribution and ability to adapt to resistant varieties is important for determining crop losses and establishing research priorities. No previous surveys of Missouri have provided reliable population density and phenotypic diversity data; therefore, we conducted a random survey to obtain both. Two samples from each of 200 fields were collected; 392 samples were processed for extractions of cysts and eggs. Two hundred and forty seven (63%) of the samples had detectable cyst nematode populations, which ranged from 15 to 149,700 eggs per 250 cm3 of soil. The lowest average population densities were observed in the east-central region of Missouri (2,260 eggs per 250 cm3 of soil), and the highest were observed in the northeast (9,238 eggs per 250 cm3 of soil), but among the eight regions sampled, mean population densities did not differ significantly. These population densities were potentially responsible for losses worth over $58 million in 1999 in Missouri. Race tests were conducted on populations from 183 samples. In order of frequency, races 3, 1, and 2 accounted for 86% of H. glycines populations. Nearly 60% of the populations were virulent (able to produce females) on plant introduction (PI) 88788, which is the source of resistance for most H. glycines-resistant cultivars. More than a third of the populations were virulent on cv. Peking, another common resistance source. Very few populations were virulent on PI 90763 or PI 437654, suggesting that these sources of resistance should be exploited more frequently.

Shift in Virulence of Soybean Cyst Nematode is Associated with Use of Resistance from PI 88788

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Niblack ◽  
A. L. Colgrove ◽  
K. Colgrove ◽  
J. P. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Pi 88788 ◽  
Alternative Sources

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most economically important pathogen of soybean in the United States. Most of the SCN-resistant cultivars being grown in this region have resistance derived from a single source, Plant Introduction (PI) 88788. A survey conducted in 2005 showed that 83% of the soybean hectarage in Illinois is infested with SCN, with average population densities high enough to cause significant yield suppression (2,700 eggs/100 cm3 soil). Further characterization of these populations showed that 70% have adapted to PI 88788 at some level, reducing the effectiveness of using SCN-resistant cultivars as a crop management tool. Rotation with alternative sources of resistance is recommended as a means to slow the adaptation to PI 88788. Accepted for publication 11 October 2007. Published 18 January 2008.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance Source and Seed Treatment on Population Densities of Heterodera glycines, Sudden Death Syndrome, and Yield of Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2137-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Kiersten A. Wise ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Adam M. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Scn Resistance ◽  
Pi 88788

A three-year study was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Ontario, Canada, from 2013 through 2015 to determine the effect of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars’ source of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) resistance on SCN population densities, sudden death syndrome (SDS; caused by Fusarium virguliforme), and yield of soybean. Five cultivars were evaluated with and without fluopyram seed treatment at each location. Cultivars with no SCN resistance had greater SDS severity, greater postharvest SCN egg counts (Pf), and lower yield than cultivars with plant introduction (PI) 548402 (Peking) and PI 88788-type of SCN resistance (P < 0.05). Cultivars with Peking-type resistance had lower Pf than those with PI 888788-type and no SCN resistance. In two locations with HG type 1.2-, cultivars with Peking-type resistance had greater foliar disease index (FDX) than cultivars with PI 88788-type. Fluopyram seed treatment reduced SDS and improved yield compared with a base seed treatment but did not affect SCN reproduction and Pf (P > 0.05). FDX and Pf were positively correlated in all three years (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that SDS severity may be influenced by SCN population density and HG type, which are important to consider when selecting cultivars for SCN management.

scholarly journals Resistance to Brown Stem Rot in Soybean Germ Plasm with Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Hughes ◽  
N. C. Kurtzweil ◽  
B. W. Diers ◽  
C. R. Grau
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Brown Stem Rot ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Scn Resistance ◽  
Pi 88788

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae, the causal agent of brown stem rot (BSR), are two pathogens of soybean commonly found in the same field throughout the north-central United States. Field experiments designed to study the role of SCN-resistant germ plasm in soybean production have led to data suggesting that some sources of SCN resistance also may provide resistance to BSR. Soybean germ plasm with resistance to SCN was evaluated in greenhouse and field environments for resistance to BSR development based on the percentage of host tissue symptomatic of BSR. Comparison of SCN-resistant cultivars and plant introductions (PI) to standard BSR-resistant and -susceptible checks were conducted in two greenhouse experiments using a root-dip inoculation with a single isolate of P. gregata. For both greenhouse experiments, PI 209332 was the only source of SCN resistance with resistance to BSR similar to standard BSR-resistant checks. Nine other sources of SCN resistance, including PI 88788 and Peking, expressed BSR symptom severity similar to BSR-susceptible checks. Cultivars derived from most SCN-resistant sources, including PI 209332, also were susceptible to BSR development, while four of the five cultivars derived from PI 88788 were highly resistant to BSR development. SCN-resistant cultivars derived from PI 88788, Peking, and PI 209332 were planted along with standard BSR-resistant and -susceptible checks at two field locations naturally infested with P. gregata and SCN or P. gregata alone. As in greenhouse experiments, four of the five cultivars derived from PI 88788 expressed resistance to BSR development equal to or better than standard BSR-resistant checks at both locations. In contrast, cultivars derived from PI 209332 and Peking expressed varying levels of disease development depending on field environment. Yields observed for PI 88788-derived cultivars were higher than BSR-resistant checks regardless of the presence of SCN. Data from both greenhouse and field experiments suggest that cvs. Williams and Williams 82 may contain a gene or genes for BSR resistance that require one or more modifier genes, possibly located in the genome of PI 88788, for complete expression.

scholarly journals Variability in Distribution and Virulence Phenotypes of Heterodera glycines in Missouri During 2005

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1473-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa G. Mitchum ◽  
J. Allen Wrather ◽  
Robert D. Heinz ◽  
J. Grover Shannon ◽  
Gene Danekas
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pi 88788

The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is a serious economic threat to soybean producers in Missouri. Periodic monitoring for the presence, population densities, and virulence phenotypes of H. glycines is essential for determining crop losses and devising management strategies implementing the use of resistant cultivars. A survey using area-frame sampling was conducted to determine the distribution and virulence phenotypes of H. glycines in Missouri during 2005. Two samples from each of 125 fields representing eight geographical regions of Missouri were collected; 243 samples were processed for extraction of cysts and eggs. In all, 49% of samples had detectable cyst nematode populations, which ranged from 138 to 85,250 eggs per 250 cm3 of soil. Race and H. glycines type tests were conducted on populations from 45 samples. Nearly 80% of the populations that were tested, irrespective of the region, were virulent on the indicator line plant introduction (PI) 88788, which is the source of resistance for most H. glycines-resistant cultivars. More than 70% of populations could reproduce on the indicator lines PI 88788, PI 209332, and PI 548316 (Cloud), indicating that soybean cultivars with resistance derived from these sources need to be carefully monitored and used only in rotation with nonhost crops and soybean cultivars with resistance from other sources. Approximately one-third of the populations, primarily in the southern regions of Missouri, could reproduce on PI 548402 (Peking), another common source of resistance. Fewer than 10% of the populations could reproduce on PI 90763, PI 437654, PI 89772, or PI 438489B, suggesting that these sources of resistance should be used in soybean breeding programs to develop H. glycines-resistant soybean cultivars.

scholarly journals Distribution and Virulence Phenotypes of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) based upon Host Differentials in Jilin Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 735-741
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
First Time

Jilin is the dominant soybean production province in China. Soybean cyst nematode [Heterodera glycines] (SCN) is one of the most important yield-limiting factors in soybean production. Information about the distribution and virulence phenotypes of SCN in soybean fields are essential for optimizing varieties choice in the region. The distribution and virulence phenotypes of SCN in 141 soil samples from 38 cites (cities, counties and towns) across Jilin province were investigated. One hundred and four (73.76%) of the samples from all 38 cities (counties, towns) tested positive for SCN and SCN population densities were more than 5 cysts/100 mL soil in 53 samples from 27 cities (counties, towns). In those 53 samples, we identified 7 races and 12 Heterodera glycines (HG) types, with Race 3 and HG Type 7 being the most dominant genotypes. Of all the genotypes identified, Race10 and HG Type 1.7 were found for the first time in China, and HG Type 3.4.5.7 was the first reported worldwide. Thirty-eight SCN populations (34.5%) were virulent on plant introduction (PI) 548316 (#7) and 15 of them had female indices (FI) ≥ 10% on Pickett. PI 548316 and Pickett were not recommended as parents of breeding against cyst nematode in Jilin province. Peking-type resistance sources were preferred to pi88788-type in Jilin province. In addition, it was found neither the race nor HG scheme is sufficient for differentiating SCN populations in Jilin province, nor the combination of the two methods is recommended for studying the genetic diversity of SCN in Jilin province. That is, Pickett which was removed in HG scheme should be included not as an indicator line but just to separate different races from the same HG type. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) on Soybean in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
C. R. Biller ◽  
B. D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
First Report ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Pi 88788

During August 2003, soybean (Glycine max) plants from Richland County, North Dakota with white-to-yellow, lemon-shaped structures on the roots were brought to the North Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. To confirm that the structures were females of a cyst nematode, they were crushed and observed microscopically to determine if nematode eggs and second-stage juveniles were present. Morphology of the second-stage juveniles was consistent with Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). A survey was conducted in soybean fields in 34 km2 around the field in which the samples originated. Ten of twenty fields surveyed had visible females on the roots of plants. Symptoms observed in those fields included patches of stunted, chlorotic, and dead plants. Soil samples were collected from selected areas within eight fields, eggs were extracted using standard soil sieving techniques, and egg numbers were determined. Egg numbers ranged from 550 to 20,000 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil. SCN collected from two different fields, designated as Dwight and LaMars, were used to determine their HG Type. Standardized procedures (1) were used in a growth chamber set at 27°C with 16-h days. Pots in the test were organized in a completely randomized design with three replicates; the test was repeated over time. After 30 days, females were extracted from roots and counted, and a female index (FI) was calculated for each indicator line (1). The mean number of females on susceptible standard cv. Lee 74, was 110. The Dwight SCN population had an FI of 5.3 on plant introduction (PI) 88788, 1.5 on PI 209332, 5.8 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. The LaMars population had an FI of 1.0 on PI 88788, 3.1 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. These results indicate that both SCN populations tested are HG Type 0. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCN on soybean in North Dakota. Because other hosts of SCN, as well as soybean, are economically important in North Dakota, such as dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and dry pea (Pisum sativum), this disease could adversely impact several commodities throughout the state. Reference: (1) T. L. Niblack et al. J. Nematol. 34:279, 2002.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage Practices on Dissemination and Spatial Patterns of Heterodera glycines and Soybean Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Gavassoni ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Two field experiments were conducted in central Iowa to assess the effects of tillage on Heterodera glycines dissemination and reproduction and soybean (Glycine max) yield. Plots in both experiments were artificially infested with equivalent numbers of H. glycines cysts. In one experiment, plots were left noninfested or received aggregated or uniform infestation, and a susceptible soybean cultivar was grown for 3 years. By the end of the first growing season and through the second, H. glycines population densities were consistently greater (P ≤ 0.05) in uniformly infested plots than in plots with aggregated infestations. No differences in soybean yield among the treatments were detected. In a second experiment, a 1-m2 area of each plot was infested with H. glycines cysts, susceptible soybeans were grown for four seasons, and crop residue was managed with either ridge-, conventional-, reduced-, or no-tillage. After 1 year, nematode population densities were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in no- and ridge-tillage treatments. After 2 years, H. glycines had been disseminated 6.9 m from the infestation site in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments but only 0.5 and 1.4 m for no-tillage and ridge-tillage treatments, respectively. After 3 years, H. glycines population densities were 10 times greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in the no-tillage treatment; conventional-tillage was the only treatment with yield significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the noninfested control. Aggregation of H. glycines eggs was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in no- and ridge-tillage treatments than in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments. Results indicate tillage can quickly disseminate H. glycines in newly infested fields, facilitating more rapid nematode reproduction and subsequent yield loss.

Effect of Soybean Cultivars Moderately Resistant to Soybean Cyst Nematode on SCN Populations and Yield

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Adee ◽  
Martin L. Johnson ◽  
Terry L. Niblack
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Spread of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines (SCN) to much of the soybean (Glycine max) growing region in the Midwest has created a persistent and significant annual yield loss for soybean. Host resistance has been the primary means of reducing yield loss to SCN. It is not known how moderately resistant cultivars fit into the management of SCN. Moderately resistant cultivars can have high yield potential, but nematode reproduction is greater than on resistant cultivars. Moderate resistance is defined by a SCN female index (FI) of 10 to 29 in standardized tests, whereas cultivars with an FI < 10 are considered resistant. Two each of SCN-resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible (FI > 60) cultivars were planted in the same plots for two soybean crops in annual rotation with corn. The SCN population was reduced 80 and 54% by resistant and moderately resistant cultivars, respectively, and increased 189% by the susceptible. Yields of the resistant and moderately resistant were 8.2 and 11.8 bu/acre better, respectively, than for the susceptible. All plots were planted to a susceptible cultivar in the final year of the study, and demonstrated there was a carry-over effect from previous cultivars. Following resistant and moderately resistant cultivars, yields of the susceptible were 6.6 and 4.3 bu/acre above following susceptible cultivars. This study showed that moderately resistant soybean cultivars can be an effective tool for improving profitability of soybean. Accepted for publication 9 April 2008. Published 18 June 2008.

Comparative host suitability of common bean cultivars to the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in Iran

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Naser Safaie ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Ramin Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractThe first occurrence of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, on beans in Iran was documented when a cyst-forming nematode was detected in a commercial common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) field in Iran and subsequently identified as H. glycines. The population was identified as HG Type 0. Host suitability of the 11 P. vulgaris cultivars most commonly grown in the country were evaluated with that population in pot and field trials. Pot assays were conducted in a growth chamber and nematode reproduction on the cultivars was compared. In the field trials, host suitability of the tested entries was evaluated in a field naturally infested with H. glycines. In both the pot and field experiments, most of the common bean cultivars were susceptible or moderately susceptible to the HG Type 0 populations of H. glycines. Common bean cvs Sayad and Dehghan were classified as moderately resistant in pot trials and were moderately resistant and moderately susceptible, respectively, in field trials. The occurrence of H. glycines in commercial bean production fields and lack of high levels of resistance of the commonly grown P. vulgaris cultivars could severely affect common bean and soybean production programmes in Iran.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document