Influence of Intraspecific Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum) Competition on Soybean Cyst Nematode Reproduction

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Earl Creech ◽  
Jamal Faghihi ◽  
Virginia R. Ferris ◽  
Andreas Westphal ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Number Of Stems

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of henbit and purple deadnettle density on weed biomass accumulation and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) reproduction. SCN did not impact shoot or root dry weight of purple deadnettle, henbit, or soybean. Foliar and root biomass of henbit and purple deadnettle were comparable but the biomass per stem was higher for purple deadnettle. Shoot and root biomass per pot of henbit and purple deadnettle at corresponding plant densities were statistically similar and were generally higher with increasing plant density. Henbit produced a greater number of stems than purple deadnettle and the least number of stems for both species existed at low densities. Purple deadnettle allowed for more SCN reproduction than did henbit. Weed densities also influenced SCN cyst and egg production but the results were species dependent. The highest SCN reproduction per pot was supported at low to moderate densities of purple deadnettle but at moderate to high densities of henbit. These results suggest that purple deadnettle should be more aggressively managed than henbit in management programs for SCN, but that henbit, especially at high densities, can support SCN reproduction at levels near those of purple deadnettle.

Influence of Two Herbicides on Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Mark L. Bernards ◽  
Loren J. Giesler ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most yield-limiting pathogen of soybean in the United States. Henbit is a prevalent winter annual weed species in no-till fields and is reported to be an alternative host of SCN. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate how the development of SCN on henbit roots was affected by herbicide mode of action and time of herbicide application. Henbit plants were grown in watertight pots placed in a water bath bench that kept soil temperature constant (27 ± 1 C) during the study. Ten d after transplanting, pots were inoculated with approximately 1,000 SCN eggs. At 7, 14, or 21 d after inoculation (DAI), henbit plants were sprayed with recommended dose of either glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) or 2,4-D (1,070 g ae ha−1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment, and two experimental runs separated in time. At 28 DAI, the total number of SCN cysts and eggs, and plant shoot and root dry weight per pot were determined. Henbit root and shoot biomass increased as the time of herbicide application was delayed. Glyphosate reduced root biomass more than 2,4-D, but no differences in shoot biomass were detected. The number of SCN cysts per henbit plant and eggs per cyst increased as the herbicide application was delayed from 7 to 21 DAI. Glyphosate reduced the number of cysts found on henbit roots more than 2,4-D, especially at earlier application times. On plants treated with glyphosate, SCN-females produced only half the number of eggs of SCN-females on henbit plants treated with 2,4-D, regardless of time of application. These results indicate that early control of henbit plants, especially with glyphosate, can reduce SCN reproduction potential in SCN infested fields.

Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum) and Soybean Cyst Nematode Response to Cold Temperature Regimes

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Earl Creech ◽  
Judith B. Santini ◽  
Shawn P. Conley ◽  
Andreas Westphal ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Winter Annual

An experiment was conducted in growth chambers to determine the influence of cold temperature regimes, designed to simulate winter temperature conditions and spring recovery, on the interaction between purple deadnettle and soybean cyst nematode (SCN). The study was a factorial arrangement of treatments with five levels of temperature (20, 15, 10, 5, or 0 C), two levels of exposure time to the temperature (10 or 20 d), and two levels of recovery time at 20 C following exposure (0 or 20 d). In general, purple deadnettle shoot and root growth increased with temperature and time. The ability of purple deadnettle to recover from cold temperatures declined as the length of time that the plant was subjected to the cold temperature increased. SCN juveniles per gram of root at the conclusion of the temperature treatment declined as the temperature increased from 0 to 15 C, likely a result of continued purple deadnettle root growth and the inhibition of SCN hatch, growth, or development at those temperatures. SCN female, cyst, and egg production per gram of root generally increased with temperature and occurred under all temperature regimes. The results of this research indicate that, after hatching, SCN juveniles can survive a period of cold temperature inside the roots of a winter annual and continue development when transferred to warmer temperatures. Therefore, in a field environment, where fall or spring alone may not be sufficient for SCN to complete a reproductive cycle on a winter annual weed, the nematode may be able to reproduce by combining the fall and spring developmental periods.

scholarly journals Soybean Cyst Nematode Reduces Soybean Yield Without Causing Obvious Aboveground Symptoms

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
T. L. Niblack ◽  
J. A. Tremain ◽  
W. J. Wiebold ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Development

Field experiments were conducted at locations in northern and southern Illinois, central Iowa, and central Missouri from 1997 to 1999 to investigate the effects of Heterodera glycines on soybean growth, development, and yield. A wide range of infestation levels was present at all locations. Two locally adapted cultivars, one resistant to H. glycines, were grown at each location. Cultivars were planted in alternating four-row strips with 76 cm between rows. For each cultivar, 20 1-m-long single-row plots were sampled every 2 weeks starting 4 weeks after planting. Infection by H. glycines reduced plant height and leaf and stem weight on the resistant cultivars in the first 12 weeks after planting, and delayed pod and seed development 12 to 14 weeks after planting. Biomass accumulation was not reduced on the susceptible cultivars until 10 weeks after planting; reduction in pod and seed development occurred throughout the reproductive stages. Susceptible cultivars produced significantly lower yields than resistant cultivars, but the yield reductions were not accompanied by visually detectable symptoms.

scholarly journals Progress towards clover cyst nematode resistant white clover

1996 ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
J. Van den Bosch ◽  
C.F. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

Clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) reduces growth and nutrient uptake of white clover (Trifolium repens) in New Zealand, and breeding resistant cultivars is the preferred control method for ecological and economic reasons. Resistant and susceptible selections were taken from a wide range of white clover seedlines. Selected plants were intercrossed and reselected over two cycles of selection. Cysts per gram of root dry weight (cysts/ g) was the measure of resistance used, with low cysts/g plants being more resistant. The mean cysts/ g value of the progenies from resistant parents was 69% of the mean value of the progenies from susceptible parents in the first generation, and 38% in the second generation. Root weights were similar, while the resistant selections had 58% and 34% (first and second generations respectively) of the number of cysts in the susceptible selections. There were no immune plants (0 cysts) in the first generation and only two in the second. Counts were made of cysts, eggs per cyst and eggs per plant on clones of two resistant and two susceptible genotypes. The resistant genotypes had lower counts than the susceptible genotypes in terms of cysts per plant (means of 6 cf. 108), eggs per cyst (11 cf. 21) and eggs per plant (35 cf. 1650). The differences in numbers of cysts between resistant and susceptible lines increased during two generations of selection, supporting earlier results that indicated that progress in breeding for resistance was possible. Furthermore, the resistance is also acting on clover cyst nematode egg production which would further reduce recruitment to later generations of clover cyst nematode. Keywords: breeding, Heterodera trifolii, resistance, screening, selection, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Increase in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence and Reproduction on Resistant Soybean Varieties in Iowa From 2001 to 2015 and the Effects on Soybean Yields

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. McCarville ◽  
Christopher C. Marett ◽  
Mark P. Mullaney ◽  
Gregory D. Gebhart ◽  
Gregory L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Pi 88788

Management of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) relies heavily on use of SCN-resistant soybean varieties to limit nematode reproduction and minimize yield loss. For Iowa, almost all SCN-resistant soybean varieties contain SCN resistance genes from a breeding line named Plant Introduction (PI) 88788. Iowa State University conducts experiments to evaluate numerous SCN-resistant and three to four SCN-susceptible soybean varieties in up to nine field experiments across Iowa each year. Data on SCN population density, virulence (SCN race and HG type), soybean yield, precipitation, and growing degree days from more than 25,000 four-row plots in field experiments conducted from 2001 to 2015 were analyzed to determine how these factors affected SCN reproduction and yield. SCN population densities were positively correlated with temperatures and negatively associated with precipitation during the growing seasons, indicating that SCN reproduction was greatest in hot, dry years. Over the years, virulence of SCN populations on PI 88788 increased in the fields in which the experiments were conducted, resulting in increased end-of-season SCN population densities and reduced yields of SCN-resistant soybean varieties with the PI 88788 source of resistance. These results indicate that soybean yield loss caused by SCN on resistant varieties with the common PI 88788 source of resistance likely will increase as virulence of SCN populations increases unless new sources of resistance become widely available and used in the future.

First Report of Soybean Cyst Nematode Reproduction on Purple Deadnettle under Field Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Earl Creech ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jamal Faghihi ◽  
Virginia R. Ferris ◽  
Andreas Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
First Report

An ecological study of an attempt at biological control of Noogoora burr (Xanthium strumarium)

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Wapshere
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Verbal Model

The recent introduction of two cerambycids, Mecas saturnina and Nupserha vexator, for the biological control of Noogoora burr, Xanthium strumarium, a weed of sheep pastures in subtropical eastern Australia, has led to the development of a verbal model of the effect of these introductions on the populations of the weed. The model takes into account the dependence of X. strumarium on late spring and summer rainfall, the overwinter survival and germinability of the burrs, and the effect of plant density and growth conditions oil the number of stems and burr production per plant. The fact that only one cerambycid survives in each rootstock, no matter how many stems are attacked, and the small estimated reduction in burrs per plant produced by an individual cerambycid larva (15 for N. vexator, 35 for M. saturnina), indicated that successful biocontrol depended on high cerambycid populations. On taking into account the egg production of each cerambycid, it was concluded that, although high beetle populations could develop in dense, strongly growing X. strumarium stands in coastal and subcoastal regions, they would cause only minor reductions in plant density. They would be more effective against poorly growing stands and at sites with low overwinter burr survival, provided that stands occur consistently each year. These conclusions are dependent on the adaptability of the cerambycids to the climates of the Noogoora burr-infested region. a factor not considered.

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