Biosynthesis of Coenzyme Q in the Phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris via a Yeast-Like Pathway

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipid-soluble membrane component found in organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. The biosynthesis of CoQ has been intensively studied in Escherichia coli, where 12 genes (ubiA, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, -G, -H, -I, -J, -K, and -X) are involved. In this study, we first investigated the putative genes for CoQ8 biosynthesis in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, and biochemical methods. We showed that Xc_0489 (coq7Xc) encodes a di-iron carboxylate monooxygenase filling the E. coli UbiF role for hydroxylation at C-6 of the aromatic ring. Xc_0233 (ubiJXc) encodes a novel protein with an E. coli UbiJ-like domain organization and is required for CoQ8 biosynthesis. The X. campestris pv. campestris decarboxylase gene remains unidentified. Further functional analysis showed that ubiB and ubiK homologs ubiBXc and ubiKXc are required for CoQ8 biosynthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris. Deletion of ubiJXc, ubiBXc, and ubiKXc led to the accumulation of an intermediate 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid. UbiKXc interacts with UbiJXc and UbiBXc to form a regulatory complex. Deletion analyses of these CoQ8 biosynthetic genes indicated that they are important for virulence in Chinese radish. These results suggest that the X. campestris pv. campestris CoQ8 biosynthetic reactions and regulatory mechanisms are divergent from those of E. coli. The variations provide an opportunity for the design of highly specific inhibitors for the prevention of infection by the phytopathogen X. campestris pv. campestris.

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Chemical Structure, Biological Roles, Biosynthesis and Regulation of the Yellow Xanthomonadin Pigments in the Phytopathogenic Genus Xanthomonas

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-11-19-0326-cr ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 705-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ya-Wen He ◽

Xue-Qiang Cao ◽

Alan R. Poplawsky

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Considerable Research ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Yellow Pigments ◽

Epiphytic Survival ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Xanthomonadins are membrane-bound yellow pigments that are typically produced by phytopathogenic bacterial Xanthomonas spp., Xylella fastidiosa, and Pseudoxanthomonas spp. They are also produced by a diversity of environmental bacterial species. Considerable research has revealed that they are a unique group of halogenated, aryl-polyene, water-insoluble pigments. Xanthomonadins have been shown to play important roles in epiphytic survival and host-pathogen interactions in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which is the causal agent of black rot in crucifers. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of xanthomonadin chemical structures, physiological roles, biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to provide clues for further in-depth research on xanthomonadins from Xanthomonas and other related bacterial species.

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Coexpression of ω subunit in E. coli is required for the maintenance of enzymatic activity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris RNA polymerase

Protein Expression and Purification ◽

10.1016/j.pep.2009.07.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ching-Yuan Cheng ◽

Yu-Jen Yu ◽

Ming-Te Yang

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

E Coli ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

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oriC Region and Replication Termination Site, dif, of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17 Chromosome

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.68.6.2924-2933.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 2924-2933 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ming-Ren Yen ◽

Nien-Tsung Lin ◽

Chih-Hsin Hung ◽

Ka-Tim Choy ◽

Shu-Fen Weng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Filamentous Phage ◽

Site Specific ◽

E Coli ◽

Site Specific Integration ◽

Oric Region ◽

Dna Fragment ◽

And Function ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

ABSTRACT A 13-kb DNA fragment containing oriC and the flanking genes thdF, orf900, yidC, rnpA, rpmH, oriC, dnaA, dnaN, recF, and gyrB was cloned from the gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17. These genes are conserved in order with other eubacterial oriC genes and code for proteins that share high degrees of identity with their homologues, except for orf900, which has a homologue only in Xylella fastidiosa. The dnaA/dnaN intergenic region (273 bp) identified to be the minimal oriC region responsible for autonomous replication has 10 pure AT clusters of four to seven bases and only three consensus DnaA boxes. These findings are in disagreement with the notion that typical oriCs contain four or more DnaA boxes located upstream of the dnaA gene. The X. campestris pv. campestris 17 attB site required for site-specific integration of cloned fragments from filamentous phage φLf replicative form DNA was identified to be a dif site on the basis of similarities in nucleotide sequence and function with the Escherichia coli dif site required for chromosome dimer resolution and whose deletion causes filamentation of the cells. The oriC and dif sites were located at 12:00 and 6:00, respectively, on the circular X. campestris pv. campestris 17 chromosome map, similar to the locations found for E. coli sites. Computer searches revealed the presence of both the dif site and XerC/XerD recombinase homologues in 16 of the 42 fully sequenced eubacterial genomes, but eight of the dif sites are located far away from the 6:00 point instead of being placed opposite the cognate oriC. The differences in the relative position suggest that mechanisms different from that of E. coli may participate in the control of chromosome replication.

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