Cob and Kernel Infection by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme in Inoculated, Field-grown Maize Ears

Plant Disease ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zummo
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Kernel Infection

scholarly journals Importance of Different Pathways for Maize Kernel Infection by Fusarium moniliforme

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Munkvold ◽  
D. C. McGee ◽  
W. M. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Kernel Infection ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
Systemic Development

The relative importance of several infection pathways (silks, stalks, and seed) leading to kernel infection of maize hybrids by Fusarium moniliforme was investigated in field experiments in 1993 and 1994. Systemic movement of specific fungal strains within plants was detected by using vegetative compatibility as a marker. Transmission of F. moniliforme from inoculated seed to stalks and developing kernels was detected in two of three field experiments; the seed-inoculated strain was detected in kernels on approximately 10% of ears. The percentage of kernels infected with the seed-inoculated strain ranged from 0 to 70%, with a mean of 0 to 2.5% (0 to 8.3% of F. moniliforme-infected kernels). Other pathways to kernel infection were more effective than seed transmission and systemic infection. F. moniliforme strains inoculated into the crowns and stalks of plants were found throughout the stalks and in up to 95% of the kernels in individual plants. Infection through the silks was clearly the most effective pathway to kernel infection. This was the only inoculation method that significantly increased overall incidence of F. moniliforme infection in kernels; the silk-inoculated strain infected up to 100% of the kernels in individual ears, with a treatment mean as high as 83.7% of kernels. When plants were silk-inoculated, the percentage of kernels infected by other F. moniliforme strains from the seed or stalk was reduced, apparently due to competition among strains. This study provides evidence that systemic development of F. moniliforme from maize seed and stalk infections can contribute to kernel infection, but silk infection is a more important pathway for this fungus to reach the kernels.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Extract, Allamanda Leaf Extract and Provax -200 on Seed Borne Fungi of Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
I. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Seeds of rice were treated with Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract @ 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 dilutions in water, allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract @ 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 dilutions in water and Provax-200 @ 0.3% for controlling seed borne fungi, where the seed samples of three rice varieties viz. Katharee, Gutee Aus and Kalijira were collected from farmer’s storages of Bangladesh. The seed germination under control ranged from 64 to 77%, where treatments resulted up to 100% germination. The identified seed borne fungi of rice were Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., where prevalence of Bipolaris oryzae (7.5%) and Fusarium moniliforme (8.3%) were the maximum. All the treatments significantly reduced the seed borne fungi up to 100% over the control, where Provax was found best and was statically similar to garlic (1:1) extract against seed borne pathogen of rice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11064The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 46-50

Studies on the mycoflora and its control on the seeds of some forest trees. I. Cedrus deodara

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
R. K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Cedrus Deodara

By tests using standard moist blotters, potato–dextrose–agar plates, and moist sterilized sand, 26 fungal species belonging to 13 genera were isolated from seeds of Cedrus deodara Loud. Most of these fungi were present on seed surfaces and only nine caused deep-seated internal infections. Some of the more common species in different tests were Aspergillus flavus, A. luchuensis, Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium moniliforme, Pénicillium canadense, and Rhizopus oryzae. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium canadense, and Rhizopus oryzae showed differences in pathogenicity to seed germination and seedling development in sterilized and unsterilized soils. Of the nine fungicides tested for the control of the seed-borne fungi, RH-2161, a liquid fungicide, was found to be the most effective. Dithane M-45 was also effective, whereas the remaining seven fungicides were less effective.

scholarly journals Seleksi Cendawan Endofit Untuk Menghambat Infeksi Cendawan Patogen Terbawa Benih Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dewi Novina Sukapiring ◽  
Nurliana Nurliana
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura penting di Indonesia. Infeksi cendawan patogen terbawa benih merupakan salah satu kendala yang menyebabkan rendahnya produksi cabai. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai umumnya adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Drechslera hawiinesis, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, dan F. solani yang dapat menjadi sumber inokulum utama penyebab penyakit di lapangan. Salah satu pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan cendawan endofit. Cendawan endofit telah diketahui dapat menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan metabolit cendawan endofit yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah isolasi cendawan endofit dari tanaman cabai dan cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai, seleksi cendawan endofit dengan uji patogenisitas dan uji penghambatan cendawan endofit terhadap cendawan patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 2 dari 42 isolat cendawan endofit yang diperoleh berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen terbawa benih cabai yaitu CECL 19 dan CECL 38.

scholarly journals PROTECCIÓN CONTRA ESTRÉS BIÓTICO INDUCIDA POR QUITOSÁN EN PLÁNTULAS DE MAÍZ (Zea mays L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-827
Author(s):  
Eva Guadalupe Lizárraga-Paulín ◽  
Irineo Torres-Pacheco ◽  
Ernesto Moreno-Martínez ◽  
Susana Patricia Miranda-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Los Grupos

El maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cultivo importante en México, que es a menudo afectado por la presencia de hongos patógenos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto protector del quitosán en plántulas de maíz sometidas a estrés biótico. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, durante 2008. Para cumplir el objetivo, después de algunas pruebas de calidad, tres grupos de semillas fueron sometidos por separado a los ataques de Aspergillus flavus y Fusarium moniliforme. Un primer grupo fue considerado como testigo positivo, otro fue recubierto con solución de quitosán y un último grupo fue dañado mecánicamente antes de la aplicación del biopolímero. Durante cinco semanas, el crecimiento de las plántulas se evaluó midiendo la longitud total, longitud de las hojas, de los tallos y el grosor de estos. No hubo incremento significativo en el tamaño de las plántulas, provenientes de semillas recubiertas con quitosán al compararse con el resto de los grupos; sin embargo, la ausencia de enfermedades en las plántulas tratadas con el biopolímero fue evidente. En la quinta semana de crecimiento, las estructuras foliares de las plántulas se sembraron en agar PDA, para determinar la presencia de los hongos estresantes. Se encontró que las hojas provenientes de las semillas tratadas con quitosán, desarrollaron carga fúngica nula, lo que sugiere que el quitosán actúa como un activador de mecanismos de defensa en plántulas de maíz, impidiendo la infección por los hongos patógenos utilizados.

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária de sementes de milho em diferentes estádios de maturação

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernado Augusto Henning ◽  
Elias Abrahão Jacob Junior ◽  
Liliane Marcia Mertz ◽  
Silmar Teichert Peske
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Penicillium Sp

O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade sanitária de sementes de linhagens de milho, colhidas em diferentes estádios de maturação. Foram utilizadas três linhagens de milho, as quais são empregadas como parentais fêmeas na produção de híbridos simples comerciais. Para determinação da época de colheita das sementes foi realizada a marcação das plantas no campo, iniciando-se na floração, quando 50% das plantas apresentavam os estigmas exteriorizados. A partir dos 40 dias após a floração, iniciou-se a colheita dos materiais, em intervalos de quatro dias até o ponto de maturidade fisiológica, o qual foi determinado através da observação da linha de transformação em amido, "linha de leite". A análise sanitária das sementes foi avaliada através do método do papel filtro. Para verificar o efeito da incidência de fungos sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, realizaram-se os testes de germinação e vigor (envelhecimento acelerado e teste de frio). As sementes de milho apresentaram elevada incidência dos fungos Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp. e Fusarium moniliforme, sendo que, a incidência destes microorganismos diminui à medida que as sementes atingem o ponto de maturidade fisiológica. Além disso, a incidência desses microorganismos não afeta a qualidade fisiológica das sementes colhidas no ponto de maturidade fisiológica.

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