scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Extract, Allamanda Leaf Extract and Provax -200 on Seed Borne Fungi of Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
I. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Seeds of rice were treated with Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract @ 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 dilutions in water, allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract @ 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 dilutions in water and Provax-200 @ 0.3% for controlling seed borne fungi, where the seed samples of three rice varieties viz. Katharee, Gutee Aus and Kalijira were collected from farmer’s storages of Bangladesh. The seed germination under control ranged from 64 to 77%, where treatments resulted up to 100% germination. The identified seed borne fungi of rice were Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., where prevalence of Bipolaris oryzae (7.5%) and Fusarium moniliforme (8.3%) were the maximum. All the treatments significantly reduced the seed borne fungi up to 100% over the control, where Provax was found best and was statically similar to garlic (1:1) extract against seed borne pathogen of rice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11064The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 46-50

scholarly journals Fungi causing rots in onions at storage and market

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAM Ara ◽  
ML Khatun ◽  
M Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Five varieties of diseased onion samples, four local (Taherpuri, Faridpuri, Kalashnagari, and Zitka) and one Indian (Pusa Red) were collected from different markets of Mymensingh, to isolate and identify the associated fungi. Five different fungal species belonging to three genera were repeatedly isolated. Healthy looking and diseased onions were kept at room temperature. The population of associated fungi increased proportionately with the duration of storage period. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp., Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme. Healthy onion bulbs were inoculated (with injury and without injury) with these fungi. Individual fungi produced distinguishable symptom of disease in incubation chamber at 22-23°C temperature. After 30 days of inoculation, bulbs showed comparatively low amount of disease development than those at 60 and 90 days. Maximum disease development was found in the variety Pusa Red (with injury) and it was minimum in Zitka variety (without injury). Keywords: Fungi; Onion; Disease development DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4818 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 245-251, 2008

scholarly journals Garcinia mangostana Shell and Tradescantia spathacea Leaf ExtractMediated One-pot Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Effective Antifungal Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Thuy Trang Le ◽  
Thai Thanh Hoang Thi ◽  
Dai Hai Nguyen ◽  
Yern Chee Ching ◽  
Ngoc Hoi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
One Pot

Background: The feasibility of plant extracts for metallic nanoparticle fabrication has been demonstrated. Each plant species impacts differently on formed nanoparticles, thus specific plants need to be explored in detail. Objective: Continuing the fabrication of nanoparticles using green method, Garcinia mangostana shell and Tradescantia spathacea leaf extract are exploited as reducing sources to form two types of silver nanoparticles (GMS-AgNPs and TSLAgNPs) less than 50 nm. Methods: Structural characterization of GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs was performed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antifungal tests of GMSAgNPs and TSL-AgNPs were performed with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum. Results: UV-vis spectra with the 440-nm peak demonstrate the silver nanoparticle formation. FTIR analysis shows the GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs modified by organic functional groups. The SEM and TEM images indicate that the GMSAgNPs are spherical shape with rough edge, while the TSL-AgNPs are spherical shape with smooth surface. The GMSAgNP average size (15.8 nm) is smaller than TSL-AgNP (22.4 nm). In addition, antifungal tests using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum reveal that GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs can inhibit significantly the proliferation of these fungal strains. Conclusion: Garcinia mangostana shell and Tradescantia spathacea leaf extract as renewable and eco-friendly resources playing a dual role for nanoparticle biosynthesis create GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs with high antifungal efficiency for biomedical or agricultural applications.

Studies on the mycoflora and its control on the seeds of some forest trees. I. Cedrus deodara

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
R. K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Cedrus Deodara

By tests using standard moist blotters, potato–dextrose–agar plates, and moist sterilized sand, 26 fungal species belonging to 13 genera were isolated from seeds of Cedrus deodara Loud. Most of these fungi were present on seed surfaces and only nine caused deep-seated internal infections. Some of the more common species in different tests were Aspergillus flavus, A. luchuensis, Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium moniliforme, Pénicillium canadense, and Rhizopus oryzae. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium canadense, and Rhizopus oryzae showed differences in pathogenicity to seed germination and seedling development in sterilized and unsterilized soils. Of the nine fungicides tested for the control of the seed-borne fungi, RH-2161, a liquid fungicide, was found to be the most effective. Dithane M-45 was also effective, whereas the remaining seven fungicides were less effective.

scholarly journals Seed-borne pathogenic fungi on some soybean varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Annisa Rahmaddila Rizky Hartono ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Heri Widarta
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Germination Experiment

Abstract. Soesanto L, Hartono ARR, Mugiastuti E, Widarta H. 2020. Seed-borne pathogenic fungi on some soybean varieties. Biodiversitas 21: 4010-4015. The present study was conducted to detect and identify seed-borne pathogenic fungi in some soybean varieties and their effect on seed germination. Experiment was performed in a completely random design with eight treatments and four replicates. Eight soybean varieties i.e., Malabar, Kaba, Dering, Detam I, Sinabung, Dena, Gepak Kuning, and Slamet were selected for the investigation. Seed borne fungi were isolated using blotter test and agar plate techniques. The variables observed were morphological/cultural characteristics, microscopic features of fungi, and percentage of seed germination. A total of eight fungi namely Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers. et Fr.) Grove f.sp. truncate (Schw.) Arx, Curvularia pallescens Boedijn, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Melanospora zamiae Corda, and Nigrospora sp. Mason were isolated from different varieties of soybean seeds. The highest seed germination was found to be 80.5% in Daring and Detam I varieties, respectively, and the lowest 53% was recorded in Dena variety.

scholarly journals Screening of efficient phosphate solubilizing fungi from mine soil and effect of phosphofungi on seed germination and vigour index of ground nut (arachis hypogaea L.) and green gram (vigna radiata L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Shanubhoganahalli Thimmappa Lokesh ◽  
Kudure Jayanna Naveen Kumar ◽  
Basaiah Thippeswamy
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Solubilizing Activity

Background: The use of chemical fertilizers to solve the problem of nutrient deficiency in soil has been associated with a number of environmental problems.Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an isolation and screening of native phosphofungi from mine soil. To evaluate the effect of phosphofungi on seed germination and seedling vigour index of Ground nut and Green gram.Materials and Methods: The phosphofungi were screened using Pikovskaya’s agar medium with tricalcium phosphate (Ca3 (PO4)2) as the phosphorus source. The soluble phosphorus, Phosphate solubilizing activity, titrable acidity, pH and fungal biomass were determined. Mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) activities of fungal isolates were tested in tricalcium phosphate medium.Results: Five promising phosphate solubilizing fungal species were screened. Aspergillus niger (13±1.0 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (8±0.6mm) showed the more phosphate solubilising index than compared to other fungal isolates. Analyzing the possible phosphorus released, from 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th day of incubation. Antagonistic effect of phosphofungi Aspergillus flavus (65±11 mm) and Aspergillus niger (60±13 mm) showed more effective against Colletotrichum sp. than compared to other fungal isolates. Aspergillus flavus (745±20µg/ml) and Penicillium spinulosum (600±20 µg/ml) showed maximum phosphate solubilizing activity on 3rd and 12th day of incubation. Fusarium redolens showed the more effectiveness on seed germination and seedling vigour than compared to other fungal isolates. Aspergillus flavus showed positive result for the production of Indole 3 acetic acid and remain four fungal strains are negative result.Conclusion: Biofertilizers from native phosphofungi could be used alongside reduced levels of inorganic fertilizers to enhance soil available Phosphorous.

scholarly journals DETECTION AND IN-VITRO MANAGEMENT OF SEED BORNE MYCOFLORA ASSOCIATED WITH SUNFLOWER AND ZINNIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
Gulshan Irshad ◽  
Hira Gazal ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
Imran Hassan ◽  
Amir Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Blotter Paper ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

The present study was conducted to detect seed borne mycoflora associated with seven cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and five cultivars of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) by using Agar and Blotter paper methods. A total 12 genera of fungi were detected including; Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Stemphylium helianthi, Penicillium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp., Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, Rhizocotonia solani and Rhizopus sp. The detected fungi depleted germination  10-30%, 10-20% and seedling mortality 10-17%, 10-12%. in sunflower and Zinnia respectively. A comparative study was designed to evaluate three  fungicides to control  seed mycoflora at the rate of of 1.5g/kg, 2.0g/kg, 2.5g/kg, 3.0g/kg, Maximum germination percentage was attained in case of seed dressing with Topsin M-70  followed by Bayton and Dithane M-45 at the rate of 3.0g/kg. 

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity in Urginea indica Kunth. (Asparagaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
B. Mohana ◽  
Shiva Kameshwari ◽  
M. K. Prasana Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Poisoned Food Technique ◽  
Urginea Indica

Aqueous extract of Urginea indica kunth. (Udupi acccession) was screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Magnaporthe orzae, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium moniliformae by poisoned food technique. The results confirmed Urginea indica extracts showed very significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and showed significant inhibition for Sclerotium rolfsii and Magnapothea orzaea it showed no activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. All the activity was evaluated to determine the lowest concentration required to inhibit visible mycelial growth of the pathogen at minmum concentration. Fusarium oxysporum showed very significant inhibition in 10% concentration (Reconfirmed) while Sclerotium showed significant inhibition in 25% concentration followed by Magnoporthe oryzae. The number of sclerotia spores formed was also reduced drastically. These results show that a potential and safe antifungal agent can be obtained from Urginea.

scholarly journals Eksplorasi Dan Identifikasi Mikroba Pada Rhizosfer Tanaman Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch.) Di Kawasan Pancasari Bedugul

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Gustu Widi Putra ◽  
Yan Ramona ◽  
Meitini Wahyuni Proborini
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi mikroba yang terdapat pada daerah rhizosfer tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch.) yang dibudidayakan di kawasan Pancasari, Bedugul Bali. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk deskriptif eksploratif yang dilakukan pada bulan April sampai bulan Juli 2018. Sampel tanah diambil pada bagian rhizosfer tanaman stroberi dan mikroba yang terdapat didalamnya diisolasi dengan metoda pengenceran dan sebar, dimurnikan dan diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Pangan FTP Universitas Udayana. Karakteristik penting mikroba yang diamati dibandingkan dengan yang tertera pada buku referensi Bergey’s Manual of Determine Bacteriology 9th Edition (Holt et al., 1994) untuk isolat bakteri dan buku kunci identifikasi jamur (Barnett and Hunter, 1972; dan Pitt and Hocking, 2009). Mikroba yang berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi pada penelitian ini adalah jamur-jamur Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum sp., dan bakteri-bakteri Pseudomonas sp. dan Bacillus sp.   . Kata Kunci: rhizosfer, stroberi, mikroba.

scholarly journals Effet des huiles de pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.) et de neem (Azadirachta indica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1293
Author(s):  
Issa Adamou ◽  
Zakari Abdoul Habou ◽  
Moussa S. Hassimi ◽  
Salamatou M. Mamane ◽  
Toudou Adam
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Neem Oil

Les huiles de Jatropha curcas communément appelé pourghère et de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), sont testées comme alternatives aux pesticides chimiques dans l’optique d’y déceler de potentiels effets fongicides tout en préservant l’environnement. Les effets des deux huiles végétales sont comparés à ceux de deux fongicides conventionnels, la griséofulvine 250 mg et la nystatine ainsi que l’alcool 95°, sur cinq champignons phytopathogènes (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae). Les observations ont porté sur la mesure du diamètre de la zone d’inhibition exercée par les différentes substances inhibitrices à travers les milieux gélosés. Le dispositif expérimental appliqué a été celui du bloc complètement randomisé de Fisher avec huit répétitions. Les moyennes des diamètres de la zone d’inhibition sont respectivement de 26,51 mm pour la nystatine, 14,53 mm pour la griséofulvine, 4,53 mm pour l’huile de neem, 3,05 mm pour l’huile de jatropha, et 0,00 mm pour l’alcool 95°. L’huile de neem a eu un effet inhibiteur net sur la croissance de l’ensemble des champignons testés. En revanche, l’huile de jatropha a exercé un meilleur contrôle de la croissance des espèces Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger et Rhizopus oryzae. Les deux huiles pourraient être recommandées dans la protection des denrées stockées, notamment les céréales.Mots clés : Extraits végétaux, effet fongicide, zone d’inhibition, lutte alternative. English Title: Effect of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oils on in vitro devloppement of pathogenic funji Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae Oils of Jatropha curcas (pourghère) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were tested as alternatives to chemical pesticides in a view to finding some potential fungicide effects harmless to environment. The effects of the two natural oils were compared with those of two conventional fungicides, griseofulvin 250 mg and nystatin and also alcohol 95° on five phytopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus oryzae). Observations consisted in measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition by different substances through the agarose medium. The experimental device applied was the Fisher completely randomized bloc with eight repetitions. Means of inhibition zone diameters were respectively de 26.51 mm for nystatin, 14.53 mm for griseofulvin, 4.53 mm for neem oil, 3.05 mm for jatropha oil, and 0.00 mm for alcohol 95°. The neem oil showed good inhibition effect on the growth of the whole set of tested fungi. In contrast, jatropha oil exhibited a better fungal growth control on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae species. Thus, these two vegetable oils could be recommended in cereal protection in postharvest.Keywords: Vegetal oils, fungicide effects, inhibition zone, alternative control.

scholarly journals Antagonistic potential of rhizosphere mycoflora against Fusarial wilt of brinjal

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Romana Akter ◽  
KS Hossain ◽  
MA Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

Antagonistic potentials of seven rhizoshere soil fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus Link., A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger Tiegh., A. terreus Thom., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum Refat. and T. viride Pers. were tested against the Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. – the two pathogens, isolated from wilted roots of brinjal plants. Out of seven soil fungi Trichoderma harzianum was found most effective to control the growth of both the test pathogens. More than 50% inhibition of the test pathogens were observed with T. viride, Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus in colony interaction. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of the test pathogens was observed with volatile metabolites and cell free culture filtrates of Trichoderma harzianum. This fungus may be exploited commercially to control the disease. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(2): 137-145, 2015 (July)

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