KERAGAMAN GENETIKA BADAK SUMATERA DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG KONSERVASI DI INDONESIA

Jumlah populasi badak Sumatera semakin menurun dengan peta sebaran yang sudah sangat terbatas pada daerah tertentu saja terutama berada di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (Aceh), Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (Jambi), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (Sumatera Selatan) dan Taman Nasional Way Kambas. Koleksi Sample berasal dari SRS (Suaka Rhino Sumatera) TN Way Kambas, sample berupa darah dari 2 ekor badak sumatera berjenis kelamin betina (Rosa berasal dari TN. Bukit Barisan Selatan/TNBBS & Bina berasal dari Bengkulu) dan 2 ekor badak jantan asli indonesia tetapi telah lama ditangkarkan di kebun binatang Inggris (Los Angeles Zoo) dan Amerika (Cincinati Zoo) yaitu (Torgamba berasal dari Riau & Andalas kedua induknya berasal dari Bengkulu). Darah diambil dengan menggunakan disposible syringe 10 ml pada daerah vena auricularis (bagian telinga). Isolasi DNA dilakukan menggunakan metode Duryadi (2005). Amplifikasi CO I menggunakan pasangan primer tersebut yaitu Primer untuk mengamplifikasi sekuen CO I partial (RHCOIF & RHCOIR). menunjukkan perbedaan basa nukleotida diantara keempat individu badak Sumatera dengan badak India adalah berkisar 95 – 100 nukleotida sedangkan dengan badak putih Afrika 93 – 101 nukleotida. dalam badak Sumatera (Indonesia) sendiri terjadi keragaman. Torgamba terlihat satu kluster dengan Bina, namun Andalas dan Rosa terlihat jauh kekerabatannya baik dengan Torgamba maupun Bina.Berdasarkan karakteristik sekuen gen CO I, walaupun baru parsial 716 bp didapatkan bahwa badak Asia terpisah dengan badak Afrika.

KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, POPULASI, DAN HABITAT ROTAN JERNANG (Daemonorops didymophylla Becc.) DI DESA GEDUNG SAKO, KECAMATAN KAUR SELATAN, KABUPATEN KAUR, PROVINSI BENGKULU

Salah satu jenis rotan yang menghasilkan resin jernang (dragon’s blood) yang berkualitas dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi adalah jenis Daemonorops didymophylla Becc. Rotan jernang semakin langka dan semakin sulit mendapatkan resin jernang. Di Desa Gedung Sako, masih ditemukan beberapa populasi rotan jernang yang tumbuh. Penelitian tentang morfologi, populasi dan habitat rotan jernang di Bengkulu, belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan riset adalah mendeskripsikan karakteristik morfologi, populasi, dan habitat rotan jernang D. didymophylla Becc. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan studi pustaka dan pengambilan sampel, serta pengukuran langsung dilapangan untuk beberapa parameter. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenis rotan D.didymophyilla Becc. dan sampel tanah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling dalam dua petak berukuran 10 x 10 m. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian karakteristik morfologi rotan jernang ditunjukan dengan akar serabut, batang silindris warna hijau dan memiliki ruas batang, daun warna hijau dengan pelepah berduri dan anak daun warna hijau menyirip berseling, bunga jantan dan betina, buah warna coklat kemerahan mengkilat dalam tandan buah dan memiliki seludang tandan buah dan tampak bersisik seperti kulit buah salak dengan dilapisi resin jernang berwarna kecoklatan, dan organ pengait berupa duri atau cirrus. Karakteristik populasi rotan jernang yaitu ditemukan 11 rumpun rotan jernang yang terdiri dari 56 batang dengan rata-rata satu rumpun adalah 5,09 batang. Rotan jernang merupakan tumbuhan berumah dua yaitu rotan jernang betina dan rotan jernang jantan terpisah dalam rumpun yang berbeda. Karakteristik habitat tumbuh rotan jernang yaitu ketinggian tempat 90 - 120 m dpl, intensitas cahaya antara 50-60%. suhu udara antara 27 - 31 °C, kelembaban udara 65 – 70%, keasaman (pH) tanah 4,8-5,0, kandungan N antara 0,35-0,42%, kandungan C antara 2,50-3,57%, kandungan P antara 3,41-5,92 ppm, kandungan K antara 0,27-0,51 me/100, dan kelembaban tanah 60 - 65%.

PEMODELAN PROBABILITAS SEBARAN HABITAT UNTUK MENETUKAN KAWASAN PRIORITAS KONSERVASI BURUNG RANGKONG GADING (Rhinoplax vigil) DI GEOPARK SILOKEK, KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG

Rangkong gading merupakan jenis satwa yang dilindungi di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1990 tentang konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya dan Peraturan Pemerintah No7 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengawetan Tumbuhan dan Satwa. Habitat rangkong gading tersebar di lima wilayah negara, yaitu Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia (semenanjung Malaysia dan Serawak), Brunei, dan Indonesia (Sumatera dan Kalimantan). Kawasan Geopark Silokek, Kabupaten Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah yang teridentifikasi sebagai habitat rangkong gading. Selain bentuk fisiknya yang unik, satwa ini memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai pemancar biji di dalam hutan. Pemanfaatan Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh (PJ) dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) sangat dibutuhkan untuk menindetifikasi persebaran habitat rangkong gading dalam penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan adalah citra Landsat OLI 8 dan data geospasial terkait Geopark Silokek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan Kawasan prioritas konservasi Rangkong gading di kawasan Geopark Silokek. Dengan menggunakan algoritma MaxEnt (maximum entropy) berdasarkan titik satwa, maka dapat diprediksi probabilitas persebaran habitat rangkong di kawasan Geopark Silokek. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, wilayah yang potensial untuk konservasi rangkong di kawasan Geopark Silokek terdapat di Kawasan perbukitan hutan lindung bagian utara dan timur laut. Parameter yang paling berpengaruh dalam pemodelan ini yaitu jarak dari sungai, lereng, dan penggunaan lahan.

Ragam Jenis Streptomyces Sp pada Rizosfer Tanaman Suku Liliacea di Kawasan Desa Sumber Bening

Streptomyces is a gram-positive bacterium of the Actinomycetes group. These bacteria are known as beneficial bacteria in human life, both for humans themselves and for plants. The secondary metabolites of Streptomyces can be used as an antibacterial, antifungal, insecticide for plants and as an anthelmintic for humans. This research is motivated by the absence of research that discusses Streptomyces sp in the plant rhizosphere of the Liliaceae tribe in the Sumber bening village area. So that researchers are interested in doing this research. This study aims to determine the diversity of Streptomyces sp in the soil rhizosphere of Liliaceae plants in the Sumber Bening area. This study uses the Research and Development method. The study was conducted by isolating Streptomyces sp from the Rizosphere of three plants of the Liliaceae tribe, namely shallots (Allium cepa), Onions (Allium fistulosum) and Kucai (Allium schoenoprasum L) using YPGA medium (Yeast Peptone Dextrose Agar) and pouring down isolation techniques. After the isolates are obtained, the isolates will be purified by means of a scratch technique. Pure Streptomyces sp isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics both microscopically and macroscopically. The results showed that there were 11 species of Streptomyces sp found in three Liliaceae plant rhizosphere with 6 species found in the onion rhizosphere, 3 species found in the leek rhizosphere and 2 species found in the rhizosphere of chives. There are Streptomyces griseourubiginosus, Streptomyces albovinaceus, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces albohelvatus, Streptomyces viridaris, Streptomyces hirsutus, Streptomyces nigrescens, Streptomyces herbaricolor, Streptomyces aureofaciens, Streptomyces nigrogriceolus,dan Streptomyces albolongus.

KEBERADAAN DESMANTHUS VIRGATUS (FABACEAE) MELIAR DI PULAU JAWA

Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. is an alien plant from Tropical America and reported present in Dutch East Indies in 1855. Nonetheless, the existence of its wild population is yet to be known, which caused by lack of record in Flora of Java vol. I. Hence the research conducted to report the existence of Desmanthus virgatus in Java. The research also conducted as a part of Alien Flora of Java compilation project. Field observation conducted in West Java (Bekasi, Bogor, Sumedang) and Central Java (Batang) by using the explorative method. Observation results showed the existence of Desmanthus virgatus wild population in Bekasi, Sumedang, and Batang. Therefore, the species can be stated as a new record of alien species for Flora of Java. Desmanthus virgatus presumably already escaped from cultivation and able to form its wild population in the nature.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN BACCAUREA MACROCARPA TERHADAP ESCHERICHIA COLI DAN SALMONELLA TYPHI

Antibiotics are drugs that are used to inhibit bacteria production. The long-term use of antibiotics can cause resistance problems. As a consequent it is necessary to find the alternative antibiotics that are derived from plants. The alternative antibiotics are considered safer, relatively cheap and easy to obtain. One of the herbal plants used is Baccaurea macrocarpa. The objective of this study was to identify the secondary metabolites of B.macrocarpa, the effect of methanol extract from B.macrocarpa leaves on the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria and to measure the optimal concentration of the sample to inhibit the growth of E.coli and S.typhi bacteria. The research has been conducted for 3 months at the Universitas Samudra laboratory. The method used was the well method with E.coli and S.typhi bacteria test. Each treatment of the methanol extract of B. macrocarpa leaves with a concentration of 20%, 30% and 40% (g/mL). Positive control was ciprofloxacin and negative control was sterile distilled water. The results obtained the concentration of 40% (g/mL) as the optimal concentration to inhibit the growth of E. coli and S.typhi bacteria with the resulting inhibition zone of 6.3 mm and 5 mm. The results of the study concluded that the B. Macrocarpa leaf extract could be developed as a basic ingredient for antibiotics.

Rasio Jenis Kelamin Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Pada Kondisi Perairan Sungai Barumun Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan

This research was conducted in The Barumun River in April-June 2020, Determining 5 research sites using purposive sampling method. The purpose of this study is to find out the abundance of shrimp galah in the water of Barumun River Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency.The Total sample for the study as many as 342 individuals with the value of estimating the abundance ranged between 20-85 ind/m2.The value of the ratio of the sexes prawns found in station 2 with a number of 81 individuals, the number of individual male 18 ind/m2 and of females 30 ind/m2, and the lowest in station 3 with the number of 60 individuals, the number of individual male 24 ind/m2 and begina 18 ind/m2.from the results there can be seen that the amount of shrimp the females are larger than shrimp male. Because of Udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) males are able to fertilize shrimp females up to five tails in time almost simultaneously.The low Ratio of prawns on the station caused by the amount of people who do a lot of activity so decreasing the population of shrimp in the vicinity of the station, which can hinder the process of the reproduction of prawns. Condition factors of physic-chemical of Barumun River District Labuhanbatu Selatan is still support for the survival of Prawns.

DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL KOMUNITAS KUMBANG KOTORAN Scarabaeidae DI HABITAT TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG SALAK

Scarabaeidae dung beettles is a bioindicator through its function as decomposer, Scrabaeidae maintains the balance of environmental conditions that represented by the variation community structures. A study of Scarabaeidae was conducted to observe the variation of community structures related to different heights (900, 1400 dan 2000 masl) in Salak Halimun Mountains National Park (TNGHS), West Java. Pit Fall Dung Trap method was applied in a belt transect paralele with tracking line. In every height , there were 5 traps created with 10 meters distance among each other. In addition, the study also measured main abiotic paramters, such as type of susbtrate, soil acidity, soil temperature that presumed to have strong influence in establishment of the communities. The result showed that there was a variation in community structures related to different heights. In 900 masl, diversity index (H’) was 0.80 which caterogised as low, in 1400 masl, H’= 1,29 (middle) and H’=0,84 (low) was found in the 2000 masl. The community structures of Scarabaeidae in TNGHS were made up by genus of Onthophagus dan Copris that conssits of 4 (four) spesies, they were O. taurus, O. semicupreus, O. babirussoides dan Copris punctulatus. Onthophagus taurus considered as dominant species that filled 60 % or 339 individual of the communities. Meanwhile, Onthopagus babirussoides can be considered as rare species which only 8% been caught during study.

KOMUNIKASI SINGKAT : LAPORAN KEBERADAAN JAMUR BERACUN Podostroma cf. cornu-damae DARI LUAR BOGOR DI INDONESIA

Podostroma cf. cornu-damae in Indonesia was first reported by Boedijn in 1934 in Buitenzorg (Bogor), West Java. Since then, there have been no report of this macrofungi in Indonesia. In 2020, somel local people ( the members of the Indonesian mushroom hunter community) shared the information about the occurence of this mushroom at the forests of Tamiang Layang (Central Kalimantan) and Sukabumi (West Java). Morphological identification based on macroscopic characteristics confirmed the identity of the macrofungi as Podostroma cf. cornu-damae and Podostroma sp. The brief descriptions is also provided in this paper. Observation using microscopic characters or molecular approach is needed to be done to ensure the taxonomical position of the mushroom in the future research. This information add the inventory data on mushroom diversity in Indonesia. Keywords: Inventory, Macrofungi, Indonesia, Podostroma cf. cornu-damae

MORFOMETRI KEPALA DAN WAJAH PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU BALI DI DESA SURO BALI KECAMATAN UJAN MAS KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG PROVINSI BENGKULU

Morphometry is a method of measurement, calculation, or assessment, the morphological characteristics can be described to understand the deferentiation of various species and species variations. This study aims to determine the variation of head and face morphom etry in Balinese tribes in Suro Bali Village, Ujan Mas District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. This research was conducted in January 2020 in Suro Bali Village, Ujan Mas district, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. Samples were taken by purposive sampling and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that of 76 respondents consisting of 33 males and 43 females, it was found that the largest male had a medium head width category, head length category length, face length category length, face width category height, brachycephalic head type and type hyperleptoprosop face. While women have wide head width categories, medium head length categories, medium category face lengths, medium category face widths, hyperbrachycephalic head types and mesoprosop face types.