scholarly journals Plant Virus Epidemiology: Applications and Prospects for Mathematical Modeling and Analysis to Improve Understanding and Disease Control

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Jeger ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
F. van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disease Epidemics

In recent years, mathematical modeling has increasingly been used to complement experimental and observational studies of biological phenomena across different levels of organization. In this article, we consider the contribution of mathematical models developed using a wide range of techniques and uses to the study of plant virus disease epidemics. Our emphasis is on the extent to which models have contributed to answering biological questions and indeed raised questions related to the epidemiology and ecology of plant viruses and the diseases caused. In some cases, models have led to direct applications in disease control, but arguably their impact is better judged through their influence in guiding research direction and improving understanding across the characteristic spatiotemporal scales of plant virus epidemics. We restrict this article to plant virus diseases for reasons of length and to maintain focus even though we recognize that modeling has played a major and perhaps greater part in the epidemiology of other plant pathogen taxa, including vector-borne bacteria and phytoplasmas.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Use of Plant Virus-Like Particles as Vaccines

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Balke ◽  
Andris Zeltins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anticancer Vaccines ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Near Future

Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions of the 20th century. All vaccines can be classified into different types, such as vaccines against infectious diseases, anticancer vaccines and vaccines against autoimmune diseases. In recent decades, recombinant technologies have enabled the design of experimental vaccines against a wide range of diseases using plant viruses and virus-like particles as central elements to stimulate protective and long-lasting immune responses. The analysis of recent publications shows that at least 97 experimental vaccines have been constructed based on plant viruses, including 71 vaccines against infectious agents, 16 anticancer vaccines and 10 therapeutic vaccines against autoimmune disorders. Several plant viruses have already been used for the development of vaccine platforms and have been tested in human and veterinary studies, suggesting that plant virus-based vaccines will be introduced into clinical and veterinary practice in the near future.

scholarly journals Plant Virus Metagenomics: Advances in Virus Discovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Roossinck ◽  
Darren P. Martin ◽  
Philippe Roumagnac
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Virus Discovery ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Virus Like Particles

In recent years plant viruses have been detected from many environments, including domestic and wild plants and interfaces between these systems—aquatic sources, feces of various animals, and insects. A variety of methods have been employed to study plant virus biodiversity, including enrichment for virus-like particles or virus-specific RNA or DNA, or the extraction of total nucleic acids, followed by next-generation deep sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. All of the methods have some shortcomings, but taken together these studies reveal our surprising lack of knowledge about plant viruses and point to the need for more comprehensive studies. In addition, many new viruses have been discovered, with most virus infections in wild plants appearing asymptomatic, suggesting that virus disease may be a byproduct of domestication. For plant pathologists these studies are providing useful tools to detect viruses, and perhaps to predict future problems that could threaten cultivated plants.

scholarly journals Local and Regional Spatial Analysis of Plant Virus Disease Epidemics with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Geostatistics

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
M. R. Nelson ◽  
T. V. Orum
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
User Friendly

Recent advances in personal computer hardware and the rapid development of spatial analysis software that is user-friendly on PC's has provided remarkable new tools for the analysts of plant diseases, particularly ecologically complex virus diseases. Due to the complexity of the disease cycle of the animal-vectored plant virus, these diseases present the most interesting challenges for the application of spatial analysis technology. While traditional quantitative analysis of plant diseases concentrated on within-field spatial analysis, often involving rather arcane mathematical descriptions of pattern, the new spatial analysis tools are most useful at the dimension where many disease epidemics occur, the regional level. The output of many of the programs used in spatial analysis is a highly visual picture of a disease epidemic which has a strong intuitive appeal to managers of agricultural enterprises. Applications by us, thus far, have included tomato, pepper and cotton virus diseases in Arizona. Mexico, California and Pakistan. In addition, this technology has been applied by us to Phytophthora infestans in potato and tomato. Aspergillus flavus in cotton, and regional insect problems of tomato and cotton.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Plant Virus Disease: Towards a New Synthesis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Michael J. Jeger
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Virus Research

Epidemiology is the science of how disease develops in populations, with applications in human, animal and plant diseases. For plant diseases, epidemiology has developed as a quantitative science with the aims of describing, understanding and predicting epidemics, and intervening to mitigate their consequences in plant populations. Although the central focus of epidemiology is at the population level, it is often necessary to recognise the system hierarchies present by scaling down to the individual plant/cellular level and scaling up to the community/landscape level. This is particularly important for diseases caused by plant viruses, which in most cases are transmitted by arthropod vectors. This leads to range of virus-plant, virus-vector and vector-plant interactions giving a distinctive character to plant virus epidemiology (whilst recognising that some fungal, oomycete and bacterial pathogens are also vector-borne). These interactions have epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary consequences with implications for agronomic practices, pest and disease management, host resistance deployment, and the health of wild plant communities. Over the last two decades, there have been attempts to bring together these differing standpoints into a new synthesis, although this is more apparent for evolutionary and ecological approaches, perhaps reflecting the greater emphasis on shorter often annual time scales in epidemiological studies. It is argued here that incorporating an epidemiological perspective, specifically quantitative, into this developing synthesis will lead to new directions in plant virus research and disease management. This synthesis can serve to further consolidate and transform epidemiology as a key element in plant virus research.

scholarly journals Special Issue: “Plant Virus Pathogenesis and Disease Control”

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Bryce W. Falk ◽  
Shahideh Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Effective Strategies

Plant viruses are emerging and re-emerging to cause important diseases in many plants that humans grow for food and/or fiber, and sustainable, effective strategies for controlling many plant virus diseases remain unavailable [...]

Principles of Predicting Plant Virus Disease Epidemics

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A.C. Jones ◽  
Moin U. Salam ◽  
Timothy J. Maling ◽  
Arthur J. Diggle ◽  
Deborah J. Thackray
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Plant Virus Disease

scholarly journals Turnip crinkle virus targets host ATG8 proteins to attenuate antiviral autophagy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayushi Shukla ◽  
Gesa Hoffmann ◽  
Daniel Hofius ◽  
Anders Hafren
Keyword(s):  
Viral Protein ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Turnip Crinkle Virus ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Plant Virus Disease

Autophagy has emerged as a central player in plant virus disease and resistance. In this study we have addressed potential roles of autophagy in Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) infection. We find that compromised autophagy results in severe disease upon TCV infection, a phenomenon observed earlier for several other viruses as well. We also identified that autophagy provides resistance against TCV by limiting virus accumulation, but the exact mechanism driving this is currently unclear. However, as a viral counter-mechanism, our results reveal that the viral protein P38 can suppress autophagy, likely by sequestering ATG8s. This is a novel strategy for plant viruses, while it has been identified for other pathogen classes. Together, these results broaden our understanding of autophagy in plant virus disease, and strengthens our view of virus-specific adaptation to the autophagy pathway.

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