Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. from Different Hosts in Shandong, China

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, can severely infect the fruits and leaves of more than 30 plants and thus results in great yield and quality losses. To identify the major Colletotrichum species infecting walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves in Shandong Province, China, 101 strains were collected and isolated. The morphological characteristics of all isolates were observed, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, and HIS3) were conducted on the representative isolates. The strains were identified as five Colletotrichum species, namely, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, C. fructicola, C. camelliae, C. acutatum sensu stricto, and C. viniferum. Among them, C. viniferum was reported for the first time from walnut fruits and strawberry leaves in Shandong Province, China. Corresponding leaves or fruits were used as a model to clarify the pathogenicity of these isolates. The results showed that C. fructicola obtained from strawberry leaves was more aggressive than C. viniferum. All of the isolates obtained from various hosts were highly sensitive to pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, tebuconazole, pyrisoxazole, and tetramycin in terms of mycelial growth inhibition (EC50 values of 0.07 to 1.63 mg/liter). The fastest mycelial growth was observed in the temperature range of 25–28°C for all isolates. In addition, anthracnose symptoms occur frequently under these conditions. Overall, this study can improve the understanding of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in walnut fruits, strawberry leaves, grape fruits, and tea leaves and can provide a solid foundation for the effective control of this disease in different hosts.

Download Full-text

Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Apple Anthracnose in South Korea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-20-0050-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 2866-2874

Author(s):

Chi Hyun Kim ◽

Oliul Hassan ◽

Taehyun Chang

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Culture Collection ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Fungicide Sensitivity ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

The Republic ◽

Apple Fruits

Apple fruits with anthracnose symptoms were collected from commercial apple orchards in different regions of the Republic of Korea, and isolations were made on potato dextrose agar to isolate the causal agents. The fungal isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics, growth rates, and multigene sequences. Nine isolates were identified via phylogenetic analysis: three Colletotrichum fructicola, two C. fioriniae, one C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto (s.s.), two C. nymphaeae, and one C. siamense isolates. The pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum isolates was tested using detached apple fruits under laboratory conditions. This study also reidentified six Colletotrichum isolates responsible for apple anthracnose, which were deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Among the six isolates, three were identified as C. siamense (deposited as C. gloeosporioides s.s.), and three were C. nymphaeae (deposited as C. acutatum s.s.). All the Colletotrichum species identified in this study were highly sensitive to tebuconazole in terms of inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50 value of 0.12 to 2.1 μg/ml).

Download Full-text

Cortinarius khinganensis (Agaricales), a new species of section Illumini from Northeast China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.500.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 500 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

MENG-LE XIE ◽

TIE-ZHENG WEI ◽

BÁLINT DIMA ◽

YONG-PING FU ◽

RUI-QING JI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Northeast China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Similar Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

A New Species

This study presents one telamonioid species new to science based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Cortinarius khinganensis was collected from the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China and it is characterized by hygrophanous, vivid brownish red and striate pileus, white universal veil, and subglobose spores. According to phylogenetic analyses results, C. khinganensis belongs to the section Illumini, which is a lineage distantly related from subgenus Telamonia sensu stricto. Detailed descriptions of the new species and the comparisons with morphologically similar species are provided. The phylogenetic relationships within the section Illumini are also discussed.

Download Full-text

Ichthyobodo salmonis sp. n. (Ichthyobodonidae, Kinetoplastida), an euryhaline ectoparasite infecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182011000916 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 138 (9) ◽

pp. 1164-1175 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

TROND E. ISAKSEN ◽

EGIL KARLSBAKK ◽

KUNINORI WATANABE ◽

ARE NYLUND

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Ssu Rdna ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Attachment Region

SUMMARYPhylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences have previously revealed the existence of 2 Ichthyobodo species able to infect Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Ichthyobodo necator sensu stricto (s.s.) is assumed to be a freshwater parasite, while a genetically distinct but undescribed species, Ichthyobodo sp. II sensu Todal et al. (2004) have been detected on Atlantic salmon in both fresh- and seawater. In the present study a morphological description of Ichthyobodo sp. II from the gills of salmon reared in fresh-, brackish- and seawater is presented, using both light- and electron microscopy. Comparative morphometry show that Ichthyobodo sp. II from both freshwater and seawater displays a different cell shape, and is significantly smaller than I. necator s.s. Also, ultrastructural characteristics distinguish these two species, notably differences in the attachment region and the presence of spine-like surface projections in Ichthyobodo sp. II. Based on both unique SSU rDNA sequences and morphological characteristics, we conclude that Ichthyobodo sp. II. represents a novel species for which we propose the name Ichthyobodo salmonis sp. n.

Download Full-text

Characterization, Phylogenetic Analyses, and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum Species on Morus alba in Sichuan Province, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-18-0938-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 2624-2633 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Longhai Xue ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Xiao Xiang Yang ◽

Xiaoqin Huang ◽

Wenxian Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Brown Spot Disease ◽

Necrotic Spots

Brown spot disease caused by Colletotrichum species was found on leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, China. Fungal isolates from leaf lesions were identified as six Colletotrichum species based on morphological characteristics and DNA analysis of the combined sequences ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1, TUB2, and GS. These included Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. cliviae, C. karstii, C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, and C. brevisporum. Results showed that the most important causal agent of mulberry anthracnose was C. fioriniae, causing typical brown necrotic spots or streaks, followed by C. brevisporum, C. karstii, and C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, whereas the two other species (C. fructicola and C. cliviae) showed no pathogenicity to mulberry. This study is the first report of these species associated with mulberry in China.

Download Full-text

Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia sinensis anthracnose in Anhui province, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-20-2335-re ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Xianghan Li ◽

YuanYuan Zhou ◽

Genjia Tan ◽

Lixin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Anhui Province ◽

Tea Plantation ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Identification And Characterization

Recent advances in Colletotrichum taxonomy have led to the need to conduct fresh surveys of Colletotrichum species associated with important crops. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp., is one of the destructive diseases on Camellia sinensis. In this study, a total of 22 representative Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Ca. sinensis cultivated in four tea plantation regions in Anhui province of China. The isolates were identified based on multi-locus (ITS, ACT, CAL, CHS-1, TUB2, GAPDH) phylogenetic analyses, and their morphological characteristics were also analyzed. Twenty-one isolates belonging to C. gloeosporioides complex were identified as C. camelliae, C. fructicola and C. siamense. One isolate belonging to C. boninense complex was identified as C. karstii. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of C. camelliae and C. fructicola were highly virulent when inoculated on the leaves of detached twigs of Ca. sinensis cv. Shuchazao. Furthermore, it was found that the interspecies virulence was less distinct and individual isolates showed varied virulence when inoculated on different varieties of Ca. sinensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola, C. siamense and C. karstii causing anthracnose on Ca. sinensis in Anhui province, China.

Download Full-text

Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-16-1824-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 1022-1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yingjuan Chen ◽

Wenjun Qiao ◽

Liang Zeng ◽

Dahang Shen ◽

Zhi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Species Complex ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Separate Species ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Blight Disease

Brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and serious foliar disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Fungal isolates from several tea plantations causing typical brown blight symptoms were identified as belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Colletotrichum acutatum, a new causal agent associated with C. sinensis, showed high phenotypic and genotypic diversity compared with the more commonly reported C. gloeosporioides. Phylogenetic analysis derived from individual and combined ITS and GAPDH sequences clearly clustered C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides into separate species. Pathogenicity tests validated that both species were causal agents of tea brown blight disease and were highly pathogenic to tea leaves. However, the two groups of C. gloeosporioides with low levels of variability within their ITS and GAPDH regions differed in their virulence. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing brown blight disease on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China.

Download Full-text

Cytospora and Diaporthe Species Associated With Hazelnut Canker and Dieback in Beijing, China

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.664366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Hong Gao ◽

Meng Pan ◽

Chengming Tian ◽

Xinlei Fan

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Basis ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Three New Species ◽

Beijing China ◽

Branch Canker

Hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla Fisch.) is an important nut crop in China but has been declining owing to the destructive effects of fungal branch canker and dieback. The identification and management of these pathogens are difficult because of the lack of attention to branch canker, insufficient understanding of phylogenetic, and overlapping morphological characteristics of the pathogens. In total, 51 strains were isolated from Chinese wild hazelnut in this study, and three species of Cytospora and two of Diaporthe were identified through morphological observation and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, act, rpb2, tef1-α, and tub2 for Cytospora; ITS, cal, his3, tef1-α, and tub2 for Diaporthe). Three new species, Cytospora corylina, C. curvispora, and Diaporthe corylicola, and two known species, Cytospora leucostoma and Diaporthe eres, grew at 5–30°C and a pH of 3.0–11.0, with optimum growth at approximately 25°C and pH 4.0–7.0. Additionally, the effects of six carbon sources on mycelial growth were investigated. This study explored the main pathogenic fungi species of Corylus heterophylla, completed the corresponding database of pathogenic fungi information, and clarified their biological characteristics. Moreover, the results of this study provided a theoretical basis for Corylus heterophylla disease management and prevention in China.

Download Full-text

A new record of Ganoderma tropicum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) for Thailand and first assessment of optimum conditions for mycelia production

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.51.33513 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 65-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thatsanee Luangharn ◽

Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽

Peter E. Mortimer ◽

Kevin D. Hyde ◽

Naritsada Thongklang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Maximum Parsimony ◽

New Record ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Posterior Probabilities ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Growing Conditions

In this study a new record of Ganodermatropicum is described as from Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. The fruiting body was collected on the base of a living Dipterocarpus tree. The sample is described on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, and compared with closely related taxa. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS, and RPB2 highly support the placement of the G.tropicum group with isolates from China and Taiwan (Maximum likelihood 100%, Maximum parsimony 100%, and Bayesian posterior probabilities 1.00). The optimal media, pH, and temperature for mycelial growth of the G.tropicum strain KUMCC18-0046 was also investigated and is reported as: PDA, MEA, and YPD, at pH 7–8 and 25–28 °C, respectively. This is the first report on the successful growing conditions for mycelial production, but unfortunately fruiting could not be achieved.

Download Full-text

Three Colletotrichum Species, Including a New Species, are Associated to Leaf Anthracnose of Rubber Tree in Hainan, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-18-0374-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 117-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xueren Cao ◽

Xiangming Xu ◽

Haiyan Che ◽

Jonathan S. West ◽

Daquan Luo

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Complex ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

The Other ◽

Effective Control ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Species Complexes ◽

A New Species

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum have been reported to be causal agents of anthracnose disease of rubber tree. Recent investigations have shown that both C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum are species complexes. The identities of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of rubber tree in Hainan, China, are unknown. In this study, 106 isolates obtained from rubber tree with symptoms of anthracnose were collected from 12 counties of Hainan and identified at the species complex level based on the ITS sequences and colony morphologies. Seventy-four isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides species complex and the other 32 isolates as C. acutatum species complex. Forty-two isolates were selected for further multilocus phylogenetic analyses in order to identify the isolates to the species level. Twenty-six isolates from the C. gloeosporioides species complex were characterized for partial sequences of seven gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, ITS, ApMat, and GS), and the other 16 isolates from the C. acutatum species complex for five gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS). Three species were identified: C. siamense and C. fructicola from the C. gloeosporioides species complex, and a new species C. wanningense from the C. acutatum species complex. Artificial inoculation of rubber tree leaves confirmed the pathogenicity of the three species. The present study improves the understanding of species causing anthracnose on rubber tree and provides useful information for the effective control of the disease.

Download Full-text

The phylogenetic position of Polysiphonia scopulorum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) based on molecular analyses and morphological observations of specimens from the type locality in Western Australia

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 324 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JOHN M. HUISMAN ◽

BYEONGSEOK KIM ◽

MYUNG SOOK KIM

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Type Locality ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Rbcl Gene ◽

Considerable Uncertainty ◽

Sister Clade ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Considerable uncertainty surrounds the phylogenetic position of Polysiphonia scopulorum, a species with an apparently cosmopolitan distribution. Here we report, for the first time, molecular phylogenetic analyses using plastid rbcL gene sequences and morphological observations of P. scopulorum collected from the type locality, Rottnest Island in Western Australia. Morphological characteristics of the Rottnest Island specimens allowed unequivocal identification, however, the sequence analyses uncovered discrepancies in previous molecular studies that included specimens identified as P. scopulorum from other locations. The phylogenetic evidence clearly revealed that P. scopulorum from Rottnest Island formed a sister clade with P. caespitosa from Spain (JX828149 as P. scopulorum) with moderate support, but that it differed from specimens identified as P. scopulorum from the U.S.A. (AY396039, EU492915). In light of this, we suggest that P. scopulorum be considered an endemic species with a distribution restricted to Australia. Our results showed the existence of several distinct clades among the species of Polysiphonia sensu lato, including the clade containing P. scopulorum which did not join with the generitype Polysiphonia stricta (i.e., Polysiphonia sensu stricto). This suggests that the P. scopulorum clade might represent a separate genus, however, further studies including multi-gene analyses are recommended before recognizing any segregate taxa.

Download Full-text