Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia sinensis anthracnose in Anhui province, China

Recent advances in Colletotrichum taxonomy have led to the need to conduct fresh surveys of Colletotrichum species associated with important crops. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp., is one of the destructive diseases on Camellia sinensis. In this study, a total of 22 representative Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Ca. sinensis cultivated in four tea plantation regions in Anhui province of China. The isolates were identified based on multi-locus (ITS, ACT, CAL, CHS-1, TUB2, GAPDH) phylogenetic analyses, and their morphological characteristics were also analyzed. Twenty-one isolates belonging to C. gloeosporioides complex were identified as C. camelliae, C. fructicola and C. siamense. One isolate belonging to C. boninense complex was identified as C. karstii. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of C. camelliae and C. fructicola were highly virulent when inoculated on the leaves of detached twigs of Ca. sinensis cv. Shuchazao. Furthermore, it was found that the interspecies virulence was less distinct and individual isolates showed varied virulence when inoculated on different varieties of Ca. sinensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola, C. siamense and C. karstii causing anthracnose on Ca. sinensis in Anhui province, China.

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Characterization of Colletotrichum spp. Sensitivity to Carbendazim for Isolates Causing Strawberry Anthracnose in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-20-0875-re ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

Shan Zhong ◽

Jianqiang Miao ◽

Xili Liu ◽

Guozhen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Point Mutation ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Strawberry Anthracnose ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Important Disease

Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an important disease that may cause significant economic losses. Based on multilocus sequence analyses and morphological characteristics, 64 isolates from strawberry anthracnose samples collected from nine Chinese provinces and municipalities were identified as three species: Colletotrichum fructicola (29 isolates), Colletotrichum siamense (23 isolates), and Colletotrichum nymphaeae (12 isolates). Isolates of C. siamense showed strong aggressiveness to fruit and leaves. Isolates of C. fructicola showed strong aggressiveness to crowns. Isolates of C. nymphaeae were weakly or not pathogenic to fruit, leaves, or crowns. Sensitivity to carbendazim was determined for a total of 75 isolates, including 11 previously preserved. Two isolates of C. siamense were highly resistant (HR) and 21 were moderately resistant (MR). Nine isolates of C. fructicola were sensitive (S), 24 were HR, and four were MR. All 15 isolates of C. nymphaeae were insensitive, and their mycelial growth was not completely inhibited on potato dextrose agar amended with 500 μg/ml carbendazim. Beta-tubulin (TUB2) of representative isolates was amplified and sequenced, revealing a glutamic acid substituted by alanine at codon 198 in HR isolates of C. siamense and C. fructicola. MR isolates of C. siamense and C. fructicola had a point mutation at codon 200, causing a replacement of phenylalanine acid by tyrosine. No point mutation was detected at codons 50, 167, 198, 200, or 240 in TUB2 of C. nymphaeae insensitive isolates. Overall, this study revealed that C. fructicola was the dominant species causing anthracnose on strawberry and could improve the understanding of the management of fungicide resistance in Colletotrichum species on strawberry in China.

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Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity and Biological Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu in China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12121712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1712

Author(s):

Xinggang Chen ◽

Lingyu Jiang ◽

Anhua Bao ◽

Changlin Liu ◽

Junang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Camellia Oleifera ◽

Biological Characterization ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

And Control ◽

First Time

Camellia yuhsienensis Hu, a species of tea oil tree with resistance to anthracnose, is widely used to breed disease-resistant Camellia varieties. In 2019, anthracnose symptoms were observed on Ca. yuhsienensis for the first time. However, the species and biological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Ca. yuhsienensis (YX-Colletotrichum spp.) have not been elucidated. In this study, five isolates (YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1, 2YX-5-1, 2YX-8-1-1 and 2YX-8-1-2), which were consistent with the morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp., were obtained from Ca. yuhsienensis. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1 and 2YX-8-1-2 belonged to first clade along with Colletotrichum fructicola. 2YX-8-1-1 belonged to the second clade along with Colletotrichum siamense. 2YX-5-1 belonged to the third clade with Colletotrichum camelliae. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogenicity of YX-Colletotrichum spp. was stronger than that of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Camellia oleifera (GD-Colletotrichum spp.). Biological characteristics illustrated that the mycelial growth of YX-Co. camelliae (2YX-5-1) was slower than that of GD-Co. camelliae when the temperature exceeded 20 °C. In addition, in the presence of ions, the mycelial growth of YX-Co. fructicola (YX2-5-2) and YX-Co. siamense (2YX-8-1-1) was also slower than that of GD-Co. fructicola and GD-Co. siamense. Furthermore, the ability of YX-Colletotrichum spp. to utilize lactose and mannitol was weaker than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp., while the ability to utilize NH4+ was generally stronger than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp. This is the first report of anthracnose of Ca. yuhsienensis induced by Co. fructicola, Co. siamense and Co. camelliae in China. These results will provide theoretical guidance for the study of the pathogenesis and control of anthracnose on Ca. yuhsienensis.

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Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-16-1824-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 1022-1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yingjuan Chen ◽

Wenjun Qiao ◽

Liang Zeng ◽

Dahang Shen ◽

Zhi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Species Complex ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Separate Species ◽

Colletotrichum Species ◽

Blight Disease

Brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and serious foliar disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Fungal isolates from several tea plantations causing typical brown blight symptoms were identified as belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Colletotrichum acutatum, a new causal agent associated with C. sinensis, showed high phenotypic and genotypic diversity compared with the more commonly reported C. gloeosporioides. Phylogenetic analysis derived from individual and combined ITS and GAPDH sequences clearly clustered C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides into separate species. Pathogenicity tests validated that both species were causal agents of tea brown blight disease and were highly pathogenic to tea leaves. However, the two groups of C. gloeosporioides with low levels of variability within their ITS and GAPDH regions differed in their virulence. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing brown blight disease on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China.

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Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Blueberry Anthracnose in Sichuan, China

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9090718 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 718

Author(s):

Xuan Liu ◽

Xiaojuan Zheng ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli ◽

Xiaofang Sun ◽

Xiaoli Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Single Spore ◽

Purification Method ◽

Colletotrichum Fructicola ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Important Disease

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is an important disease of blueberries and results in large economic losses for blueberry growers. Samples of anthracnose were collected from six main blueberry cultivation areas in Sichuan Province. In total, 74 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained through a single-spore purification method and identified to the species through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on partial DNA sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, and the β-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT) and calmodulin (CAL) genes. Among all species, Colletotrichum fructicola was the most dominant species, with an isolation percentage of up to 66.2% in Sichuan, followed by Colletotrichum siamense (17.6%), C. kahawae (5.4%), C. karstii (5.4%), C. nymphaeae (2.7%) and C. sichuaninese (2.7%). Pathogenicity tests showed all species were able to cause typical anthracnose symptoms on blueberry leaves and stems. Colletotrichum fructicola was the predominant species with strong aggressiveness. Moreover, C. fructicola, C. kahawae, C. sichuaninese and C. nymphaeae are first reported here to cause blueberry anthracnose. This study provides a comprehensive reference for the association of different Colletotrichum spp., which may support the sustainable management of blueberry anthracnose.

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Characterization and Pathogenicity of Pestalotiopsis-Like Species Associated With Gray Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in Anhui Province, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-19-0412-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (11) ◽

pp. 2786-2797 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shuangshuang Wang ◽

Xiaozeng Mi ◽

Zhiran Wu ◽

Lixin Zhang ◽

Chaoling Wei

Keyword(s):

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

First Record ◽

Tea Plant ◽

Anhui Province ◽

Tea Plantations ◽

Tea Plants ◽

Blight Disease

Gray blight disease, caused by Pestalotiopsis-like fungi, is one of the deadliest threats to tea (Camellia sinensis) production. However, little information is known about the traits and characteristics of this pathogen. Here, a systematic survey was performed, and a total of 20 representative isolates were obtained from the leaves of tea plants affected by gray blight in two main tea plantations located in Anhui Province, China. Further analyses showed that two isolates were identified as Neopestalotiopsis ellipsospora, three isolates were regarded as Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis, one isolate was considered as Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, and the remaining isolates belonged to Pseudopestalotiopsis spp., on the basis of morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α. Pathogenicity tests indicated that there were significant differences in virulence among the Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis isolates when inoculated on the leaves of the tea plant (C. sinensis ‘Shuchazao’). Furthermore, varied pathogenicity was also observed for the same isolate when inoculated on different varieties of tea plants. To our knowledge, this is the first record of Neopestalotiopsis ellipsospora and Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis causing gray blight disease of tea plants in China.

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Outbreak of Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot in Florida Strawberry Caused by Neopestalotiopsis spp.

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-20-1290-re ◽

2021 ◽

pp. PDIS-06-20-1290

Author(s):

Juliana S. Baggio ◽

Bruna B. Forcelini ◽

Nan-Yi Wang ◽

Rafaela G. Ruschel ◽

James C. Mertely ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Spore Production ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

A New Species

Pestalotiopsis-like species have been reported affecting strawberry worldwide. Recently, severe and unprecedented outbreaks have been reported in Florida commercial fields where leaf, fruit, petiole, crown, and root symptoms were observed, and yield was severely affected. The taxonomic status of the fungus is confusing because it has gone through multiple reclassifications over the years. Morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests were evaluated for strawberry isolates recovered from diseased plants in Florida. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined internal transcribed spacer, β-tub, and tef1 regions demonstrated that although there was low genetic diversity among the strawberry isolates, there was a clear separation of the isolates in two groups. The first group included isolates recovered over a period of several years, which was identified as Neopestalotiopsis rosae. Most isolates recovered during the recent outbreaks were genetically different and may belong to a new species. On potato dextrose agar, both groups produced white, circular, and cottony colonies. From the bottom, colonies were white to pale yellow for Neopestalotiopsis sp. and pale luteous to orange for N. rosae. Spores for both groups were five-celled with three median versicolored cells. Mycelial growth and spore production were higher for the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. isolates. Isolates from both groups were pathogenic to strawberry roots and crowns. However, the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. proved more aggressive in fruit and leaf inoculation tests, confirming observations from the recent outbreaks in commercial strawberry fields in Florida.

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Identification and characterization of Fep15, a new selenocysteine-containing member of the Sep15 protein family

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20051569 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 394 (3) ◽

pp. 575-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Sergey V. Novoselov ◽

Deame Hua ◽

Alexey V. Lobanov ◽

Vadim N. Gladyshev

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Insertion Sequence ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Putative Active Site ◽

A Genome ◽

Sequence Elements ◽

Identification And Characterization ◽

Insertion Sequence Elements

Sec (selenocysteine) is a rare amino acid in proteins. It is co-translationally inserted into proteins at UGA codons with the help of SECIS (Sec insertion sequence) elements. A full set of selenoproteins within a genome, known as the selenoproteome, is highly variable in different organisms. However, most of the known eukaryotic selenoproteins are represented in the mammalian selenoproteome. In addition, many of these selenoproteins have cysteine orthologues. Here, we describe a new selenoprotein, designated Fep15, which is distantly related to members of the 15 kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) family. Fep15 is absent in mammals, can be detected only in fish and is present in these organisms only in the selenoprotein form. In contrast with other members of the Sep15 family, which contain a putative active site composed of Sec and cysteine, Fep15 has only Sec. When transiently expressed in mammalian cells, Fep15 incorporated Sec in an SECIS- and SBP2 (SECIS-binding protein 2)-dependent manner and was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum by its N-terminal signal peptide. Phylogenetic analyses of Sep15 family members suggest that Fep15 evolved by gene duplication.

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