scholarly journals Effect of 6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) on Pythium species and corn seedling growth and disease.

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Acharya ◽  
Thomas C Kaspar ◽  
Alison E Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Corn Seedling

Corn yield reduction following a cereal rye cover crop has been attributed to, amongst other factors, allelochemicals released from decomposing cereal rye residue. The allelopathic effect of 6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) was evaluated on corn seedling growth, mycelial growth of seven pathogenic species of Pythium and root rot of corn seedlings caused by Pythium species at 13 °C, 16 °C, and room temperature (22-23) °C using a plate assay. Mycelial growth of all Pythium spp. tested was slower with 0.25 mg/ml of MBOA compared to 0.125 mg/ml and 0.0625 mg/ml of MBOA and check (DV8 ++ with 0.5% DMSO). Therefore, no further tests were done with MBOA at 0.25 mg/ml. In general, MBOA reduced corn radicle length and did not cause root rot across all temperatures. However, greater root rot severity in corn was observed on corn seedlings grown in the presence of Pythium lutarium and P. oopapillum on media amended with MBOA compared to the check at all temperatures. Similarly, more root rot caused by P. torulosum, and P. spinosum was observed when MBOA was present at 16 °C compared to the check with no MBOA. These data suggest that corn seedling disease caused by Pythium species could be more severe when corn is planted following a cover crop of winter cereal rye due to the presence of allelochemicals that are released from the cover crop.

Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature and adoption cost

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amir Sadeghpour ◽  
Oladapo Adeyemi ◽  
Dane Hunter ◽  
Yuan Luo ◽  
Shalamar Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Precision Planting

Abstract Growing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin, USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or ‘skipping the corn row’ (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while reducing cover crop seed costs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ‘STCR’ vs normal planting of WCR at full seeding rate (NP) on WCR biomass, nutrient uptake and composition in three site-yrs (ARC2019, ARC2020, BRC2020). Our results indicated no differences in cover crop dry matter biomass production between the STCR (2.40 Mg ha−1) and NP (2.41 Mg ha−1) supported by similar normalized difference vegetative index and plant height for both treatments. Phosphorus, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) accumulation in aboveground biomass was only influenced by site-yr and both STCR and NP removed similar amount of P, K, Ca and Mg indicating STCR could be as effective as NP in accumulating nutrients. Aboveground carbon (C) content (1086.26 kg h−1 average over the two treatments) was similar between the two treatments and only influenced by site-yr differences. Lignin, lignin:N and C:N ratios were higher in STCR than NP in one out of three site-yrs (ARC2019) indicating greater chance of N immobilization when WCR was planted later than usual. Implementing STCR saved $8.4 ha−1 for growers and could incentivize growers to adopt this practice. Future research should evaluate corn response to STCR compared with NP and assess if soil quality declines by STCR practice over time.

Effects of cover crop presence, cover crop species selection and fungicide seed treatment on corn seedling growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara A. Schenck ◽  
Matthew G. Bakker ◽  
Thomas B. Moorman ◽  
Thomas C. Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Negative Impacts

AbstractCover crops can offer erosion protection as well as soil and environmental quality benefits. Cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) is the most commonly used winter cover crop in corn–soybean rotations in the upper Midwest of the USA because of its superior winter hardiness and growth at cool temperatures. Cereal rye cover crops, however, can occasionally have negative impacts on the yield of a following corn crop, which discourages broader adoption and introduces substantial risk for corn farmers employing cover crops. We hypothesized that because cereal rye shares some pathogens with corn, it may be causing increased disease in corn seedlings planted soon after cereal rye termination. To test this, we performed a series of experiments in a controlled environment chamber to assess the response of corn seedlings with and without a commercial fungicide seed treatment to the presence of cereal rye or other species of cover crops that were terminated with herbicide prior to corn planting. Our results indicate that under cool and wet conditions, cereal rye reduces corn seedling growth performance and increases incidence of corn seedling root disease. Fungicide seed treatment had limited efficacy in preventing these effects, perhaps because environmental conditions were set to be very conducive for disease development. However, hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) and winter canola (Brassica napusL.) cover crops had fewer negative impacts on corn seedlings compared with cereal rye. Thus, to expand the practice of cover cropping before corn, it should become a research priority to develop alternative management practices to reduce the risk of corn seedling root infection following cereal rye cover crops. Over the longer term, testing, selection and breeding efforts should identify potential cover crop species or genotypes that are able to match the winter hardiness, growth at cool temperatures and the conservation and environmental quality benefits of cereal rye, while avoiding the potential for negative impacts on corn seedlings when environmental conditions are suitable for disease development.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Economic Effects of Cover Crop Use on Farm Net Returns per Acre in Central Indiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Megan N. Hughes ◽  
Michael R. Langemeier
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
The Impact

Utilizing cover crop treatments can have significant agronomic benefits for a farm enterprise. However, implementing this technology introduces additional costs. Data were obtained from a Central Indiana case farm to evaluate the relationship between applied nitrogen and corn yield, and how this relationship is impacted by introducing three different species of cover crops: annual ryegrass, cereal rye, and an oats and radish blend. The resulting information was then translated into a partial budget so that the effects on net returns could be analyzed using historical prices and stochastic modelling. The results showed that the impact on net returns per acre varied among cover crop species. The implementation of annual ryegrass resulted in a negative change to net returns. Conversely, implementing cereal rye or an oats and radish blend resulted in a positive change to net returns, with the largest net benefits accruing to the oats and radish blend.

scholarly journals Cover Crop Rotation Effects on Growth and Development, Seedling Disease, and Yield of Corn and Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Acharya ◽  
Thomas B. Moorman ◽  
Thomas C. Kaspar ◽  
Andrew W. Lenssen ◽  
Alison E. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Roots

The effects of winter cover crops on root disease and growth of corn and soybeans are poorly understood. A 3-year field experiment investigated the effect of winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter camelina (Camelina sativa [L.] Crantz), used either in all three years or in rotation with each other, on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max. [L.] Merr.) growth, root disease, and yield. Corn following a cover crop of camelina had reduced root disease, a lower Pythium population in seedling roots, and greater growth and yields compared with corn following a rye cover crop. Camelina and rye cover crops before soybean had either a positive or no effect on soybean growth and development, root disease, and yield. Moreover, Pythium clade B populations were greater in corn seedlings after a rye cover crop compared with those following a camelina cover crop, whereas clade F populations were greater on soybean seedlings following a camelina cover crop compared with seedlings following a rye cover crop. A winter camelina cover crop grown before corn had less-negative effects on corn seedling growth, root disease, and final yield than a winter rye cover crop before corn. Neither cover crop had negative effects on soybean, and the cover crop in the preceding spring had no measurable effects on either corn or soybean.

scholarly journals The Potential for Cereal Rye Cover Crops to Host Corn Seedling Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Bakker ◽  
Jyotsna Acharya ◽  
Thomas B. Moorman ◽  
Alison E. Robertson ◽  
Thomas C. Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Corn Seedling

Cover cropping is a prevalent conservation practice that offers substantial benefits to soil and water quality. However, winter cereal cover crops preceding corn may diminish beneficial rotation effects because two grass species are grown in succession. Here, we show that rye cover crops host pathogens capable of causing corn seedling disease. We isolated Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, Pythium sylvaticum, and P. torulosum from roots of rye and demonstrate their pathogenicity on corn seedlings. Over 2 years, we quantified the densities of these organisms in rye roots from several field experiments and at various intervals of time after rye cover crops were terminated. Pathogen load in rye roots differed among fields and among years for particular fields. Each of the four pathogen species increased in density over time on roots of herbicide-terminated rye in at least one field site, suggesting the broad potential for rye cover crops to elevate corn seedling pathogen densities. The radicles of corn seedlings planted following a rye cover crop had higher pathogen densities compared with seedlings following a winter fallow. Management practices that limit seedling disease may be required to allow corn yields to respond positively to improvements in soil quality brought about by cover cropping.

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