scholarly journals Monosporascus eutypoides, a Cause of Root Rot and Vine Decline in Tunisia, and Evidence that M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides Are Distinct Species

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ben Salem ◽  
K. C. Correia ◽  
N. Boughalleb ◽  
S. J. Michereff ◽  
M. León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Three Monosporascus eutypoides–like isolates recovered from cucurbit plants with symptoms of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline in Tunisia were compared to 28 isolates of M. cannonballus from 12 countries for phenotypic, genomic, and pathogenicity characteristics. Morphologically, M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides–like cultures were similar, each producing fertile perithecia in culture containing globose, smooth, dark brown to black ascospores. Nevertheless, all M. cannonballus isolates had one ascospore per ascus, while M. eutypoides–like isolates had mainly two to three ascospores per ascus (rarely one). The employment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, the elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), and the β-tubulin (β-tub) gene sequence diversity analyses and the resulting phylogenies identified a level of polymorphism that enabled separation of M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides–like isolates. All isolates of M. cannonballus had identical EF-1α and β-tub sequences irrespective of very diverse geographic origins, which were different from the EF-1α and β-tub sequences of the M. eutypoides–like isolates (96 and 97% similarity, respectively). Similar results were obtained for the ITS region of rDNA. In addition, of three M. eutypoides–like isolates tested for pathogenicity, all three were pathogenic on watermelon, two were pathogenic on muskmelon, but only one was pathogenic on cucumber. The results demonstrate that the M. eutypoides–like isolates belong to the species M. eutypoides, and that M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides are distinct species.

Peucedanum huangshanense (Apiaceae), a new species from Anhui, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 430 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
SHAN-SHAN CHU ◽  
DE-QUN WANG ◽  
HUA-SHENG PENG ◽  
LU-QI HUANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
A New Species

Peucedanum huangshanense, a new species discovered in Anhui, China, is illustrated and described. Detailed morphological comparisons have showed that it is similar to P. praeruptorum but differs from the latter by having larger compound umbels (5–14 cm across), rays up to 25, and long-ovoid mericarps with lateral ribs narrowly winged. To explore the phylogenetic position of this species, nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was sequenced for P. huangshanense and P. praeruptorum collected in different places. The morphological and molecular evidences support the hypothesis that P. huangshanense is a new distinct species.

Higher-level relationships among the eucalypts are resolved by ITS-sequence data

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Steane ◽  
Dean Nicolle ◽  
Gay E. McKinnon ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Single Section ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Genus Eucalyptus

This expanded survey of ITS sequences represents the largest analysis of molecular data ever attempted on Eucalyptus. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were included in an analysis of 90 species of Eucalyptus s.s. and 28 species representing eight other genera (Allosyncarpia, Angophora, Arillastrum, Corymbia, Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia, Lophostemon and Metrosideros). The results of the study indicate that Angophora and Corymbia form a well-supported clade that is highly differentiated from Eucalyptus s.s. Corymbia species are divided between two clades, one of which may be the sister to Angophora. Allosyncarpia, Arillastrum, Eucalyptopsis and ‘Stockwellia’ are also highly differentiated from Eucalyptus s.s. If the genus Eucalyptus is to be expanded to include Angophora and Corymbia(sensu Brooker 2000), ITS data suggest that Allosyncarpia, Eucalyptopsis, ‘Stockwellia’ and potentially Arillastrum should also be included in Eucalyptus s.l. The ITS data suggest that subg. Symphyomyrtus is paraphyletic and that subg. Minutifructus should be included within it. Within subg.Symphyomyrtus, only sect. Maidenaria appears to be monophyletic. Sections Adnataria and Dumaria are probably monophyletic; sections Exsertaria and Latoangulatae are very close and probably should be combined in a single section. Section Bisectae is polyphyletic and is divided into two distinct lineages. The phylogenetic groups depicted by ITS data are consistent with the frequency of natural inter-specific hybridisations as well as data from controlled crosses within subgenus Symphyomyrtus. The ITS data illustrate that subg. Idiogenes and western Australian monocalypts are early evolutionary lines relative to E. diversifolia, E. rubiginosa (monotypic subg. Primitiva) and the eastern monocalypts and that subg. Primitiva should be sunk into subg. Eucalyptus. Subgenus Eudesmia may be monophyletic, grouping with subgenera Idiogenes and Eucalyptus. Further work is required to confirm the phylogenetic positions of the monotypic subgenera Alveolata, Cruciformes, Acerosae and Cuboidea.

scholarly journals Survey, Identification, and Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-Like Asexual Morphs in Spanish Forest Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2083-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Mora-Sala ◽  
Ana Cabral ◽  
Maela León ◽  
Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽  
Josep Armengol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs infect herbaceous and woody plants, mainly in agricultural scenarios, but also in forestry systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from the roots of a broad range of forest hosts from nurseries showing decline by morphological and molecular studies. Between 2009 and 2012, 17 forest nurseries in Spain were surveyed and a total of 103 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the partial gene regions histone H3 (his3). For the new species, the internal transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) region, β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) were also used to determine their phylogenetic position. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria, and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera. The species C. alicantinum, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, I. capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, and I. rufa were identified. In addition, two Dactylonectria species (D. hispanica sp. nov. and D. valentina sp. nov.), one Ilyonectria species (I. ilicicola sp. nov.), and one Neonectria species (N. quercicola sp. nov.) are newly described. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain.

Identification of Pathogenic Fusarium spp. Responsible for Root Rot of Angelica sinensis and Characterization of their Biological Enemies in Dingxi, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Yue Liang ◽  
UWAREMWE CONSTANTINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Serious Disease

Root rot is a serious disease in plantations of A. sinensis, severely affecting yield and quality and threatening sustainable production. Fusarium isolates (n=32) were obtained from field samples of root rot tissue, leaves and infected soil. Isolates were identified by comparing the sequences of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-ɑ (TEF-1ɑ) to sequences of known species in the NCBI-database. These Fusarium isolates include F. tricinctum (43.75%), F. equiseti (31.25%), F. solani (9.37%), F. oxysporum (6.25%), F. acuminatum (6.25%), and F. incarnatum (3.12%). For pathogenicity testing under greenhouse conditions, seven isolates were selected based on a phylogenetic analysis, including four strains of F. tricinctum and one strain each of F. solani, F. oxysporum, and F. acuminatum. The seven isolates were all pathogenic but differed in their ability to infect: the four F. tricinctum strains were capable pathogens causing root rot in A. sinensis at 100% incidence and the highly aggressive. Furthermore, the symptoms of root rot induced by those seven isolates were consistent with typical root rot cases in the field, but their disease severity varied. Observed histopathological preparations of F. tricinctum-infected seedlings and tissue-slides results showed this fungal species can penetrate epidermal cells and colonize the cortical cells where it induces necrosis and severe plasmolysis. Plate confrontation experiments showed that isolated rhizosphere bacteria inhibited the Fusarium pathogens that cause root rot in A. sinensis. Our results provide timely information for informing the use of biocontrol agents for suppression of root rot disease.

Characterization and pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum species causing Botryosphaeria canker and dieback of apple trees in central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
Adrián Vinicio Valdez ◽  
Francois Halleen ◽  
Enrique Ferrada ◽  
Mauricio A. Lolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7-to 30-year-old) was conducted in 16 localities obtaining 270 symptomatic branches and trunks samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetics studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the beta tubulin (tub2) genes allowed to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates) and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n= 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly of apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent by reproducing more severe cankers on lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports D. mutila and L. theobromae for the first time associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.

scholarly journals Bambusicolous Arthrinium Species in Guangdong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indunil C. Senanayake ◽  
Jayarama D. Bhat ◽  
Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽  
Ning Xie
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Bambusicolous Fungi ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

A survey of bambusicolous fungi in Bijiashan Mountain Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, revealed several Arthrinium-like taxa from dead sheaths, twigs, and clumps of Bambusa species. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated based on morphology and combined analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), beta tubulin (β-tubulin), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef 1-α) gene sequences. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic data, Arthrinium acutiapicum sp. nov. and Arthrinium pseudorasikravindrae sp. nov. are introduced herein with descriptions and illustrations. Additionally, two new locality records of Arthrinium bambusae and Arthrinium guizhouense are described and illustrated.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of a Toxocara variant from cats in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. ZHU ◽  
D. E. JACOBS ◽  
N. B. CHILTON ◽  
R. A. SANI ◽  
N. A. B. Y. CHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

The ascaridoid nematode of cats from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, previously identified morphologically as Toxocara canis, was characterized using a molecular approach. The nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region spanning the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1), the 5·8S gene and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) was amplified and sequenced. The sequences for the parasite from Malaysian cats were compared with those for T. canis and T. cati. The sequence data showed that this taxon was genetically more similar to T. cati than to T. canis in the ITS-1, 5·8S and ITS-2. Differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences between the taxa (9·4–26·1%) were markedly higher than variation between samples within T. canis and T. cati (0–2·9%). The sequence data demonstrate that the parasite from Malaysian cats is neither T. canis nor T. cati and indicate that it is a distinct species. Based on these data, PCR-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) methods were employed for the unequivocal differentiation of the Toxocara variant from T. canis and T. cati. These methods should provide valuable tools for studying the life-cycle, transmission pattern(s) and zoonotic potential of this parasite.

Diaporthe sinensis, a new fungus from Amaranthus sp. in China 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
XIAO-XIAO FENG ◽  
JIA-JIE CHEN ◽  
GUO-RONG WANG ◽  
TING-TING CAO ◽  
YONG-LI ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Β Tubulin

During an exploration of plant pathogens in vegetables occuring in Zhejiang province, China, a novel fungal species, was found. Three strains ZJUP0033-4, ZJUP0038-3 and ZJUP0132 were isolated from black round lesions in the stems and leaves of Amaranthus sp. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences from four genes including rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), histone (HIS) and β-tubulin (TUB) indicated that D. sinensis clustered in a distinct clade closely related to D. neoarctii, D. angelicae, D. subordinaria, D. arctii, D. cuppatea, D. lusitanicae, D. novem, D. infecunda, D. ganjae and D. manihotia. Morphologically, D. sinensis is distinguished by brown, scattered, globose pycnidia and ellipsoid alpha conidia with bi- to multiguttulate.

Phylogenetic position of Arabis arenicola and generic limits of Aphragmus and Eutrema (Brassicaceae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz ◽  
Connie A. Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Arabidopsis Lyrata ◽  
Relationship Of

Sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 45 taxa were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship of Arabis arenicola to Arabis , Arabidopsis , Braya , and Eutrema , and that of Eutrema to the purportedly related genera Aphragmus , Lignariella , Neomartinella , Platycraspedum , Taphrospermum , and Thellungiella . Arabis arenicola was originally described as Eutrema in 1830, transferred to Arabis in 1898, and has remained in Arabis to the present, even though it is morphologically more similar to Arabidopsis, Braya, and Eutrema. Sequence data were obtained from representative taxa of Arabis, Arabidopsis, and related Boechera and Catolobus, Braya and Neotorularia, and Eutrema, Aphragmus, Lignariella, Neomartinella, Platycraspedum, Taphrospermum, and Thellungiella. The five Arabis arenicola accessions examined had ITS sequences that were identical to each other and to four Arabidopsis lyrata accessions. In both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses, Arabis arenicola fell within the Arabidopsis clade and was closely aligned with Arabidopsis lyrata. Two of six purportedly related genera were not closely related to Eutrema. Both analyses placed Lignariella within a separate well-supported clade with Aphragmus, while the other four genera, Neomartinella, Platycraspedum, Taphrospermum, and Thellungiella, fell within a well-supported clade with Eutrema. Morphology and molecular data strongly suggest transferring Arabis arenicola to Arabidopsis, expanding Aphragmus to include Lignariella, and expanding Eutrema to include Neomartinella, Platycraspedum, Taphrospermum, and Thellungiella. New combinations in Arabidopsis and Aphragmus are proposed.

Phylogenetic relationships of the monogenomic species of the wheat tribe, Triticeae (Poaceae), inferred from nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer) sequences

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hsiao ◽  
N. J. Chatterton ◽  
K. H. Asay ◽  
K. B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cytogenetic Evidence

Phylogenetic relationships of 30 diploid species of Triticeae (Poaceae) representing 19 genomes were estimated from the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The ITS sequence phylogeny indicated that: (i) each genome group of species is monophyletic, concordant with cytogenetic evidence; (ii) Hordeum (I) and Critesion (H) are basal; (iii) Australopyrum (W) is closely related to Agropyron (P); (iv) Peridictyon (G), Heteranthelium (Q), and Dasypyrum (V) are closely related to Pseudoroegneria (S); (v) most of the annuals, Triticum s.l. (A, B, D), Crithopsis (K), Taeniatherum (T), Eremopyrum (F), Henrardia (O), Secale (R), and two perennials, Thinopyrum (J) and Lophopyrum (E), all of Mediterranean origin, are a monophyletic group. However, phylogenetic trees based on morphology group these Mediteranean species with various perennial lineages of the Arctic-temperate region. The molecular data and biogeography of the tribe suggest that the Mediterranean lineage is derived from the Arctic-temperate lineage and that the two lineages have evolved in parallel. Extensive morphological parallelism apparently obscures the true genealogical history of the tribe when only morphology is considered.Key words: Poaceae, Triticeae, rDNA sequence, molecular phylogeny, parallel evolution.

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