Survey, Identification, and Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-Like Asexual Morphs in Spanish Forest Nurseries

Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs infect herbaceous and woody plants, mainly in agricultural scenarios, but also in forestry systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from the roots of a broad range of forest hosts from nurseries showing decline by morphological and molecular studies. Between 2009 and 2012, 17 forest nurseries in Spain were surveyed and a total of 103 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the partial gene regions histone H3 (his3). For the new species, the internal transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) region, β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) were also used to determine their phylogenetic position. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria, and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera. The species C. alicantinum, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, I. capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, and I. rufa were identified. In addition, two Dactylonectria species (D. hispanica sp. nov. and D. valentina sp. nov.), one Ilyonectria species (I. ilicicola sp. nov.), and one Neonectria species (N. quercicola sp. nov.) are newly described. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain.

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Baorangia duplicatopora (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.508.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 508 (1) ◽

Author(s):

XU ZHANG ◽

ZHI-QUN LIANG ◽

SHUAI JIANG ◽

CHANG XU ◽

XIN-HUA FU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Tropical China

Baorangia duplicatopora is described as a new species from Hainan Province, a tropical region of China. It is morphologically characterized by large to very large basidiomata with a dull rose red, rose pink to purplish red pileus, compound pores, pileus context near hymenophore and stipe context staining blue when injured, a red stipe, and cheilocystidia wider than those of other Baorangia species. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene, the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) also confirmed that B. duplicatopora forms an independent lineage within Baorangia. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microscopic features of the new species are presented. A key to species of Baorangia in the world is also provided.

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Characterization and pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum species causing Botryosphaeria canker and dieback of apple trees in central Chile

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-21-1291-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽

Adrián Vinicio Valdez ◽

Francois Halleen ◽

Enrique Ferrada ◽

Mauricio A. Lolas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Central Chile ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

First Time ◽

Elongation Factor 1

In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7-to 30-year-old) was conducted in 16 localities obtaining 270 symptomatic branches and trunks samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetics studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the beta tubulin (tub2) genes allowed to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates) and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n= 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly of apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent by reproducing more severe cankers on lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports D. mutila and L. theobromae for the first time associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.

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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Lophodermella needle pathogens (Rhytismataceae) on Pinus species in the USA and Europe

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11435

Author(s):

Jessa P. Ata ◽

Kelly S. Burns ◽

Suzanne Marchetti ◽

Isabel A. Munck ◽

Ludwig Beenken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Ribosomal Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Phenotypic Characters ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽

The Usa ◽

Phylogenetic Resolution ◽

Elongation Factor 1

Increasing prevalence of conifer needle pathogens globally have prompted further studies on pathogen identification and a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships among needle pathogens. Several Lophodermella species can be aggressive pathogens causing needle cast in natural pine forests in the USA and Europe. However, their relationships with other Rhytismataceae species have historically been based on similarities of only limited phenotypic characters. Currently, no molecular studies have been completed to elucidate their relationships with other Lophodermella needle pathogens. This study collected and sequenced three gene loci, namely: internal transcribed spacer, large ribosomal subunit, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha, from five Lophodermella needle pathogens from North America (L. arcuata, L. concolor, L. montivaga) and Europe (L. conjuncta and L. sulcigena) to distinguish phylogeny within Rhytismatacaeae, including Lophophacidium dooksii. Phylogenetic analyses of the three loci revealed that all but L. conjuncta that were sampled in this study consistently clustered in a well-supported clade within Rhytismataceae. The multi-gene phylogeny also confirmed consistent nesting of L. dooksii, a needle pathogen of Pinus strobus, within the clade. Potential synapomorphic characters such as ascomata position and ascospore shape for the distinct clade were also explored. Further, a rhytismataceous species on P. flexilis that was morphologically identified as L. arcuata was found to be unique based on the sequences at the three loci. This study suggests a potential wider range of host species within the genus and the need for genetic characterization of other Lophodermella and Lophophacidium species to provide a higher phylogenetic resolution.

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Four new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum clade from northern China

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.73.51424 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 109-132

Author(s):

Xin Gu ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Quan Sun ◽

Bing Wu ◽

Jing-Zu Sun

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Northern China ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Nuclear Rna ◽

Encoding Gene ◽

Elongation Factor 1 ◽

Nuclear Rna Polymerase

The Harzianum clade of Trichoderma comprises many species, which are associated with a wide variety of substrates. In this study, four new species of Trichoderma, namely T. lentinulae, T. vermifimicola, T. xixiacum, and T. zelobreve, were encountered from a fruiting body and compost of Lentinula, soil, and vermicompost. Their colony and mycelial morphology, including features of asexual states, were described. For each species, their DNA sequences were obtained from three loci, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA, the gene encoding the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α encoding gene (TEF1-α). The analysis combining sequences of the three gene regions distinguished four new species in the Harzianum clade of Trichoderma. Among them, T. lentinulae and T. xixiacum clustered with T. lixii, from which these new species differ in having shorter phialides and smaller conidia. Additionally, T. lentinulae differs from T. xixiacum in forming phialides with inequilateral to a strongly-curved apex, cultural characteristics, and slow growth on PDA. Trichoderma vermifimicola is closely related to T. simmonsii, but it differs from the latter by producing phialides in verticillate whorls and smaller conidia. Trichoderma zelobreve is the sister species of T. breve but is distinguished from T. breve by producing shorter and narrower phialides, smaller conidia, and by forming concentric zones on agar plates. This study updates our knowledge of species diversity of Trichoderma.

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Hanseniaspora terricola sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast isolated from Tibet

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijsem.0.004741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ze Liu ◽

Man-Man Wang ◽

Gui-Shuang Wang ◽

Ai-Hua Li ◽

Wangmu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Novel Species ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Original Description ◽

Ascomycetous Yeast ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Separate Branch ◽

Pr China ◽

Elongation Factor 1

Eight apiculate strains isolated from Tibet, PR China, were identified as Hanseniaspora taiwanica and a novel species of Hanseniaspora based on the sequence analysis of the ITS region, the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA and the translation elongation factor 1-a (TEF1) gene. Among them, four strains with identical sequences of D1/D2 and ITS formed a separate branch from the known Hanseniaspora species in the phylogenetic trees, and differed from the known species by at least 17 (3 %) nucleotide (nt) substitutions in the D1/D2 domains and more than 6 % substitutions and inserts/deletes in the ITS region. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that those four strains represent a novel species of Hanseniaspora, for which the names Hanseniaspora terricola sp. nov. (holotype CGMCC 2.6175T; MycoBank MB 834591) is proposed. The other four strains belonging to H. taiwanica produce spherical, void or fusiform ascospores, which differ from the original description that ascospores are absent.

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New species of Echinoderma and Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.447.4.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 447 (4) ◽

pp. 221-236

Author(s):

YA-JUN HOU ◽

ZAI-WEI GE

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Translation Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

The Tropics ◽

Elongation Factor 1

Three species of Lepiota sensu lato from China are described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Echinoderma flavidoasperum and Lepiota omninoflava are new to science, while Lepiota echinacea is newly reported from China. Echinoderma flavidoasperum is characterized by a yellow pileus, nearly smooth stipe that discolors light red when bruised, and subcylindrical basidiospores. Lepiota omninoflava, so far only found in the tropics, is characterized by the yellow basidiomata, ellipsoid basidiospores and the absence of cheilocystidia. All three of the Chinese species are discussed and placed within a phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2).

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Genetic variability in Fomes fomentarius reconfirmed by translation elongation factor 1-α DNA sequences and 25S LSU rRNA sequences

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-013-0228-9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Peter Pristas ◽

Svetlana Gaperova ◽

Jan Gaper ◽

Jana Judova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Cryptic Species ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Sequence ◽

Sequence Variability ◽

Translation Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Fomes Fomentarius ◽

Elongation Factor 1

AbstractThe existence of two cryptic species within strains of the wood-decaying fungus Fomes fomentarius was revealed recently based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence variability. In this study for the first time the sequences of another molecular markers, partial translation elongation factor 1-α (efa) region and partial 25S large subunit ribosomal RNA gene were obtained and used to evaluate genetic variability of F. fomentarius. Congruent phylogeny was observed for all three markers used confirming the presence of two cryptic species within F. fomentarius. Surprisingly, ITS sequence variability within F. fomentarius was significantly lower compared to the variability of efa sequences (0.023 versus 0.036 nucleotide substitutions per site) questioning the discriminatory power of ITS sequences for fungal species identification.

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Identification and Characterization of a New Fungal Pathogen Causing Twisted Leaf Disease of Sugarcane in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-14-0661-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 325-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zhenyue Lin ◽

Jingjing Wei ◽

Muqing Zhang ◽

Shiqiang Xu ◽

Qiang Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Single Spore ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Leaf Disease ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Identification And Characterization

Sugarcane twisted leaf disease, caused by Phoma sp., was first reported in Guangxi, China, in 2012, when more than 5% of sugarcane was infected in the field. Three single-spore isolates were recovered from symptomatic leaves. Sequences from five fungal loci, 28S nrDNA (LSU), 18S nrDNA (SSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB), and the translation elongation factor alpha (TEF-α) were amplified from the disease-associated isolates. The twisted leaf disease pathogen was identified and formally described as Phoma sorghina var. saccharum through phylogenetic analyses, morphological observations, and the pathogenicity of the isolates on sugarcane. P. sorghina var. saccharum can be differentiated from related species based on the morphology of pycnidia and chlamydospores that formed regular, glabrous, papillate ostioles. Chlamydospore-anamorph was unicellular, botryoid-alternarioid shape, as well as the binucleate, frequently branched hyphae. We also showed that mycelial growth of P. sorghina var. saccharum was optimal at pH 4.0 and 20 to 25°C. Additionally, among 13 chemical compounds tested, carbendazim was found to be the most effective in suppressing the radial growth of the fungus. Mycelial growth in vitro was completely inhibited at concentrations of 100 and 50 ppm, and 87.6% of mycelial growth was inhibited at 10 ppm. Carbendazim is therefore a potentially effective fungicide to control this disease in China.

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Cryptic species of Curvularia in the culture collection of the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.35.25665 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yu Pei Tan ◽

Pedro W. Crous ◽

Roger G. Shivas

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathology ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Culture Collection ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Air Sample ◽

Elongation Factor 1

Several unidentified specimens of Curvularia deposited in the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium were re-examined. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region, partial fragments of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the translation elongation factor 1-α genes, supported the introduction of 13 novel Curvularia species. Eight of the species described, namely, C.beasleyi sp. nov., C.beerburrumensis sp. nov., C.eragrosticola sp. nov., C.kenpeggii sp. nov., C.mebaldsii sp. nov., C.petersonii sp. nov., C.platzii sp. nov. and C.warraberensis sp. nov., were isolated from grasses (Poaceae) exotic to Australia. Only two species, C.lamingtonensis sp. nov. and C.sporobolicola sp. nov., were described from native Australian grasses. Two species were described from hosts in other families, namely, C.coatesiae sp. nov. from Litchichinensis (Sapindaceae) and C.colbranii sp. nov. from Crinumzeylanicum (Amaryllidaceae). Curvulariareesii sp. nov. was described from an isolate obtained from an air sample. Furthermore, DNA sequences from ex-type cultures supported the generic placement of C.neoindica and the transfer of Drechsleraboeremae to Curvularia.

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