Characterization and pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum species causing Botryosphaeria canker and dieback of apple trees in central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
Adrián Vinicio Valdez ◽  
Francois Halleen ◽  
Enrique Ferrada ◽  
Mauricio A. Lolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7-to 30-year-old) was conducted in 16 localities obtaining 270 symptomatic branches and trunks samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetics studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the beta tubulin (tub2) genes allowed to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates) and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n= 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly of apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent by reproducing more severe cankers on lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports D. mutila and L. theobromae for the first time associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.

Pleurostoma decline of olive trees caused by Pleurostoma richardsiae in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Lawrence ◽  
Mohamed Taieb Nouri ◽  
Florent P Trouillas
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

A single fungal pathogen was consistently isolated from symptomatic wood of olive trees (Olea europaea) displaying branch and trunk cankers in super-high-density orchards in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys of California. Morphological characters of the pathogen included two distinct types of conidia: 1) thick-walled, dark-brown, and globose and 2) thin-walled, hyaline, oblong to ellipsoid and three types of phialides, indicating a pleurostoma-like fungus. Phylogenetic results of four nuclear loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), and partial sequences of the actin, beta-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes confirmed the isolates as Pleurostoma richardsiae. Pathogenicity trials conducted in the field on 2- to 3-year-old branches of three widely planted oil olive cultivars (‘Arbequina’, ‘Arbosana’, and ‘Koroneiki’) satisfied Koch’s postulates and confirmed the pathogenic nature of this species, which is for the first time reported to cause decline of olive trees in California. All three cultivars were equally susceptible to Pl. richardsiae indicating no detectable resistance to the pathogen. Additional isolations from symptomatic hosts including almond, peach, pistachio, and plum also confirmed this species, suggesting that Pl. richardsiae is wide spread in agricultural systems and should be considered an emerging pathogen of fruit and nut crops in California.

scholarly journals Survey, Identification, and Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-Like Asexual Morphs in Spanish Forest Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2083-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Mora-Sala ◽  
Ana Cabral ◽  
Maela León ◽  
Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽  
Josep Armengol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs infect herbaceous and woody plants, mainly in agricultural scenarios, but also in forestry systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from the roots of a broad range of forest hosts from nurseries showing decline by morphological and molecular studies. Between 2009 and 2012, 17 forest nurseries in Spain were surveyed and a total of 103 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the partial gene regions histone H3 (his3). For the new species, the internal transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) region, β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) were also used to determine their phylogenetic position. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria, and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera. The species C. alicantinum, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, I. capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, and I. rufa were identified. In addition, two Dactylonectria species (D. hispanica sp. nov. and D. valentina sp. nov.), one Ilyonectria species (I. ilicicola sp. nov.), and one Neonectria species (N. quercicola sp. nov.) are newly described. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain.

Additions to pestalotioid fungi in Thailand: Neopestalotiopsis hydeana sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis hydei sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 479 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
NARUEMON HUANALUEK ◽  
RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA ◽  
SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA ◽  
DULANJALEE L. HARISHCHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Partial Translation

Pestalotioid fungi commonly occur as pathogens, endophytes or saprobes. In this study, pestalotioid fungi associated with leaf spots and fruit rots were isolated from Alpinia malaccensis, A. galangal, Annona squamosa, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Citrus sp., Garcinia mangostana, Litsea petiolata, a pteridophyte, and Vitis vinifera in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Based on single- and multi-locus phylogenies using internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin and partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene regions, along with morphological features, the isolates were identified as two new species, Neopestalotiopsis hydeana and Pestalotiopsis hydei. This is the first time a Pestalotiopsis sp. was reported associated with Litsea petiolata and a Neopestalotiopsis sp. recorded from Alpinia, Annona, Artocarpus, Garcinia and a pteridophyte in the world. This fungal group can be considered as an emerging pathogenic group on different hosts in different climatic conditions. 

Hanseniaspora terricola sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast isolated from Tibet

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Liu ◽  
Man-Man Wang ◽  
Gui-Shuang Wang ◽  
Ai-Hua Li ◽  
Wangmu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeast ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Pr China ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Eight apiculate strains isolated from Tibet, PR China, were identified as Hanseniaspora taiwanica and a novel species of Hanseniaspora based on the sequence analysis of the ITS region, the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA and the translation elongation factor 1-a (TEF1) gene. Among them, four strains with identical sequences of D1/D2 and ITS formed a separate branch from the known Hanseniaspora species in the phylogenetic trees, and differed from the known species by at least 17 (3 %) nucleotide (nt) substitutions in the D1/D2 domains and more than 6 % substitutions and inserts/deletes in the ITS region. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that those four strains represent a novel species of Hanseniaspora, for which the names Hanseniaspora terricola sp. nov. (holotype CGMCC 2.6175T; MycoBank MB 834591) is proposed. The other four strains belonging to H. taiwanica produce spherical, void or fusiform ascospores, which differ from the original description that ascospores are absent.

Cladosporium species from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil, including a new species and new records

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
MAYARA L. R. FREITAS ◽  
ANDRÉ A. M. GOMES ◽  
ANDRÉ W. C. ROSADO ◽  
OLINTO L. PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
New Records ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Forest Biome

Fungi belonging to the genus Cladosporium are cosmopolitan and occur in various substrates and hosts. Nevertheless, this is the first time that we have described this genus colonizing leaf litter submerged in water. We surveyed Cladosporium spp. associated with submerged leaf litter, from three localities belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A multilocus DNA sequence typing approach employing ITS, Actin, and Translation elongation factor 1-α region/genes associated with morphological and cultural analyses were used to identify these species. The species C. angulosum and C. anthropophilum are reported for the first time in Brazil, and a new species for the genus is described here as C. puris.

New species of Echinoderma and Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 447 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
YA-JUN HOU ◽  
ZAI-WEI GE
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Three species of Lepiota sensu lato from China are described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Echinoderma flavidoasperum and Lepiota omninoflava are new to science, while Lepiota echinacea is newly reported from China. Echinoderma flavidoasperum is characterized by a yellow pileus, nearly smooth stipe that discolors light red when bruised, and subcylindrical basidiospores. Lepiota omninoflava, so far only found in the tropics, is characterized by the yellow basidiomata, ellipsoid basidiospores and the absence of cheilocystidia. All three of the Chinese species are discussed and placed within a phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2).

Identification and pathogenicity of Diplodia, Neofusicoccum, Cadophora and Diaporthe species associated with cordon dieback in kiwifruit cv. Hayward in central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A Díaz ◽  
Juan Pablo Zoffoli ◽  
Enrique Ferrada ◽  
Mauricio A. Lolas
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Dieback Disease

Dieback symptoms associated with fungal trunk pathogens cause significant economic losses to kiwifruit and other woody fruit trees worldwide. This study represents the first attempt to identify and characterize the fungal trunk pathogens associated with cordon dieback disease of kiwifruit in central Chile. Field surveys were conducted throughout the main kiwifruit-growing regions in central Chile to determine the incidence and to characterize the fungal trunk pathogens associated with cordon dieback of kiwifruit cv. Hayward through morphological, molecular and pathogenicity studies. A total of 250 cordon samples were collected, and the isolations were performed on acidified potato dextrose agar (2%, APDA) plus antibiotics and Igepal. The incidence of kiwifruit cordon dieback ranged between 5 and 85% in all surveyed areas in central Chile. A total of 246 isolates were isolated and identified using culture and morphological features as belonging to three fungal taxa. Diaporthaceae spp. (Diaporthe ambigua and D. australafricana; n=133 isolates), Botryosphaeriaceae spp. (Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum; n=89 isolates) and Ploettnerulaceae spp. (Cadophora luteo-olivacea and C. malorum; n=24 isolates) were identified using phylogenetics studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the β-tubulin gene (tub2) and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1-α). Isolates of N. parvum and Di. seriata were the most virulent, causing internal brown lesion and dieback symptoms in attached green shoots, attached lignified canes and young inoculated kiwifruits. This report is the first to describe Di. seriata and C. luteo-olivacea associated with kiwifruit cordon dieback in Chile and presents the first description of N. parvum causing kiwifruit dieback worldwide.

scholarly journals The genus Arthrinium (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Apiosporaceae) from marine habitats from Korea, with eight new species

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Lul Kwon ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Seokyoon Jang ◽  
Young Min Lee ◽  
Young Mok Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

AbstractSpecies of Arthrinium are well-known plant pathogens, endophytes, or saprobes found in various terrestrial habitats. Although several species have been isolated from marine environments and their remarkable biological activities have been reported, marine Arthrinium species remain poorly understood. In this study, the diversity of this group was evaluated based on material from Korea, using morphological characterization and molecular analyses with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, β-tubulin (TUB), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF). A total of 41 Arthrinium strains were isolated from eight coastal sites which represented 14 species. Eight of these are described as new to science with detailed descriptions.

New species of Nectria and Thyronectria from Xinjiang, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 433 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
RONG MA ◽  
SHENG-NAN LI ◽  
YING ZHAO ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
THEMIS J. MICHAILIDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Alpha Actin ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Nectria berberidis sp. nov. and Thyronectria berberidicola sp. nov. isolated from Berberis heteropoda in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, are described and illustrated. Nectria berberidis is characterized by clavate asci (50–87 × 8–12 μm) with ellipsoidal to fusiform, 1-septate ascospores. Thyronectria berberidicola is characterized by clavate asci (117–25.9 × 63.7–117.9 μm) with ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores that have 5–8 transverse septa and 1(–2) longitudinal septum. Ascospores bud to produce hyaline, bacillar ascoconidia. Phylogenetic analyses based on alpha-actin (ACT), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and the β-tubulin (TUB) sequence data revealed that isolates of N. berberidis and T. berberidicola form a distinct clade within Nectria and Thyronectria, respectively. In addition, Nectria nigrescens is reported for the first time in China.

scholarly journals Neptunomyces aureus gen. et sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) isolated from algae in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael F. M. Gonçalves ◽  
Tânia F. L. Vicente ◽  
Ana C. Esteves ◽  
Artur Alves
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Ria De Aveiro ◽  
The Family ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

A collection of fungi was isolated from macroalgae of the genera Gracilaria, Enteromorpha and Ulva in the estuary Ria de Aveiro in Portugal. These isolates were characterized through a multilocus phylogeny based on ITS region of the ribosomal DNA, beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1-α) sequences, in conjunction with morphological and physiological data. These analyses showed that the isolates represented an unknown fungus for which a new genus, Neptunomycesgen. nov. and a new species, Neptunomyces aureussp. nov. are proposed. Phylogenetic analyses supported the affiliation of this new taxon to the family Didymosphaeriaceae.

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