scholarly journals Cucurbit Rootstocks Resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Remain Resistant When Coinfected by Meloidogyne incognita in the Field

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1383-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
W. Patrick Wechter ◽  
William B. Rutter ◽  
Paula A. Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) rootstocks used to graft watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, the fungus that causes Fusarium wilt of watermelon, but they are susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita, the southern root knot nematode. A new citron (Citrullus amarus) rootstock cultivar Carolina Strongback is resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum and M. incognita. The objective of this study was to determine if an interaction between M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 occurred on grafted or nongrafted triploid watermelon susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2. In 2016 and 2018, plants of nongrafted cultivar Fascination and Fascination grafted onto Carolina Strongback and interspecific hybrid squash cultivar Carnivor were inoculated or not inoculated with M. incognita before transplanting into field plots infested or not infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2. Incidence of Fusarium wilt and area under the disease progress curve did not differ when hosts were inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum alone or F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum and M. incognita together. Fusarium wilt was greater on nongrafted watermelon (78% mean incidence) than on both grafted rootstocks and lower on Carnivor (1% incidence) than on Carolina Strongback (12% incidence; P ≤ 0.01). Plants not inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum did not wilt. At the end of the season, Carnivor had a greater percentage of the root system galled than the other two hosts, whereas galling did not differ on Fascination and Carolina Strongback. F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum reduced marketable weight of nongrafted Fascination with and without coinoculation with M. incognita. M. incognita reduced marketable weight of Fascination grafted onto Carnivor compared with noninoculated, nongrafted Fascination. In conclusion, cucurbit rootstocks that are susceptible and resistant to M. incognita retain resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum when they are coinfected with M. incognita.

scholarly journals Retention of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in Cucurbit Rootstocks Infected by Meloidogyne incognita

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1820-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Paula A. Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata ‘Strong Tosa’) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria ‘Macis’) rootstocks are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum but susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita (Southern root-knot nematode). Coinfection of Early Prolific Straightneck summer squash (C. pepo) with root-knot nematode and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum has been reported to increase susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. The objectives of this study were to determine whether such an interaction occurred between M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 on Strong Tosa, Macis, and watermelon cultivars Fascination (resistant to race 1) and Tri-X 313 (susceptible to both races). Hosts were inoculated in a greenhouse with one of four pathogen treatments: F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, M. incognita, both pathogens, or neither pathogen. Galling was present on ≥10% of the root systems of 90% of the plants inoculated with M. incognita. Bottle gourd had less galling than interspecific hybrid squash. Plants not inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum did not wilt. Four weeks after inoculation, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt and recovery of F. oxysporum did not differ for any hosts inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum alone and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum plus M. incognita (host–treatment interactions not significant). In general, Early Prolific Straightneck grouped with the F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum-resistant rootstocks when inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 and with the susceptible watermelon when inoculated with race 1, regardless of inoculation with M. incognita. Recovery of F. oxysporum from stems of inoculated watermelon was greater than recovery from the other three hosts, regardless of nematode inoculation. In conclusion, our experiments do not support the hypothesis that resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum in cucurbit rootstocks or resistant watermelon cultivars would be compromised when M. incognita infects the roots.

scholarly journals Accessions of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Are Valuable Rootstocks for Grafted Watermelon in Fields Infested with Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Jennifer J. Ariss ◽  
Richard L. Hassell ◽  
Sharon Buckner ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Praecitrullus Fistulosus

Root-knot nematode-resistant rootstock lines (designated RKVL for Root-Knot Vegetable Laboratory) derived from wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were compared with wild tinda (Praecitrullus fistulosus) lines and commercial cucurbit rootstock cultivars for grafting of seedless triploid watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’ (C. lanatus var. lanatus) in a field infested with the southern root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita) in Charleston, SC, during 2009 and 2010. In both years, RKN infection was severe in ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd, ‘Strong Tosa’ hybrid squash, and wild tinda rootstocks with galling of the root system ranging from 86% to 100%. In 2009, the RKVL wild watermelon rootstocks exhibited lower (P < 0.05) percentages of root galling (range 9% to 16%) than non-grafted ‘Tri-X 313’ (41%), ‘Emphasis’, ‘Strong Tosa’, and the wild tinda rootstocks. The grafted wild watermelon rootstock RKVL 318 produced more (P ≤ 0.05) fruit (12 per plot) than all other entries (mean = five per plot), and it produced a heavier (P ≤ 0.05) fruit yield (29.5 kg per plot) than all entries except self-grafted ‘Tri-X 313’ (21.5 kg per plot). In 2010, soil in half of the plots was treated with methyl bromide (50%):chloropicrin (50%) (392 kg·ha–1) before planting. The RKVL wild watermelon rootstocks exhibited resistance to RKN with percentages of root system galled ranging from 11% for RKVL 316 to 56% for RKVL 301 in the untreated control plots. Fruit yields in the untreated plots were 21.9, 25.6, and 19.9 kg/plot for RKVL 301, RKVL 316, and RKVL 318, respectively. Yields were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for the three RKVL rootstocks than for ‘Strong Tosa’ (3.0 kg) and ‘Ojakkyo’ wild watermelon rootstock (2.8 kg) in the untreated plots. Yields of watermelon grafted on ‘Strong Tosa’ were nearly seven times greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the methyl bromide-treated plots than in the untreated plots. In contrast, yields of RKVL 316 and RKVL 318 were similar in both treatments and the yield of RKVL 301 was less (P ≤ 0.05) in the methyl bromide-treated plots than in the untreated plots. The three RKVL wild watermelon rootstock lines exhibited resistance to RKN. RKVL 316 had low root galling and produced the heaviest fruit yield and greatest numbers of fruit of any rootstock evaluated in 2010. The RKVL lines should be useful sources of RKN resistance for rootstocks for grafted watermelon.

scholarly journals Suppression of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 2 on Grafted Triploid Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1326-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Richard L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Race 2

Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2, is a serious, widespread disease present in major watermelon-growing regions of the United States and other countries. ‘Fascination,’ a high yielding triploid resistant to race 1, is grown in southeastern states in fields that contain a mixture of races 1 and 2. There is some benefit to using cultivars with race 1 resistance in such fields, even though Fascination is susceptible to Fusarium wilt caused by race 2. Experiments in 2012 and 2013 were done in fields infested primarily with race 2 and a mixture of races 1 and 2, respectively. Fascination was grafted onto four rootstock cultivars: bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) ‘Macis’ and ‘Emphasis’ and interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima× C. moschata) ‘Strong Tosa’ and ‘Carnivor.’ Nongrafted and self-grafted Fascination were used as susceptible control treatments. In both experiments, mean incidence of plants with symptoms of Fusarium wilt was ≥52% in the susceptible control treatments and ≤6% on the grafted rootstocks. Disease incidence did not differ between rootstock species or cultivars. In both years, Fascination grafted onto Strong Tosa and Macis produced more marketable-sized fruit than the susceptible control treatments. Grafted Emphasis and Carnivor also produced more fruit than the control treatments in 2012. The cucurbit rootstocks suppressed Fusarium wilt caused by race 2 and increased marketable yield of triploid watermelon grown in infested soil.

scholarly journals Race 3, a New and Highly Virulent Race of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Causing Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Zhou ◽  
K. L. Everts ◽  
B. D. Bruton
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
New Race ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Highly Virulent

Three races (0, 1, and 2) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum have been previously described in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) based on their ability to cause disease on differential watermelon genotypes. Four isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum collected from wilted watermelon plants or infested soil in Maryland, along with reference isolates of races 0, 1, and 2, were compared for virulence, host range, and vegetative compatibility. Race identification was made on the watermelon differentials Sugar Baby, Charleston Gray, Dixielee, Calhoun Gray, and PI-296341-FR using a root-dip, tray-dip, or pipette inoculation method. All four Maryland isolates were highly virulent, causing 78 to 100% wilt on all differentials, one of which was PI-296341-FR, considered highly resistant to race 2. The isolates also produced significantly greater colonization in the lower stems of PI-296341-FR than a standard race 2 reference isolate. In field microplots, two of the isolates caused over 90% wilt on PI-296341-FR, whereas no disease was caused by a race 2 isolate. All four isolates were nonpathogenic on muskmelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash, confirming their host specific pathogenicity to watermelon. The Maryland isolates were vegetatively compatible to each other but not compatible with the race 2 isolates evaluated, indicating their genetic difference from race 2. This study proposes that the Maryland isolates belong to a new race, race 3, the most virulent race of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum described to date.

scholarly journals Control of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon by Grafting onto Bottlegourd or Interspecific Hybrid Squash Despite Colonization of Rootstocks by Fusarium

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Keinath ◽  
R. L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Race 2

Grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) onto rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), or citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) has been used in Asia and Israel to mange Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of infection of six rootstocks by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 and the field performance of grafted rootstocks in Charleston, SC. Grafted and nongrafted watermelon and rootstock plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with race 1, race 2, or water (the control treatment). With both races, the frequency of recovery of F. oxysporum from scion and rootstock portions of inoculated watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Ojakkyo’ citron was greater than from watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Shintosa Camel’ and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspecific hybrid squash, and from plants grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, ‘Macis’, and ‘WMXP 3945’ bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 1, percent recovery also was greater from Ojakkyo than from interspecific hybrid squash and bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 2, F. oxysporum was recovered from the base of ≥79% of all inoculated plants. More than two-thirds (15) of 21 isolates recovered from the tops or scions of inoculated plants were pathogenic on watermelon. In spring 2010 and 2011, the six rootstocks were grafted with seedless watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’, which is susceptible to both races, and transplanted in a field infested with races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Disease incidence for nongrafted and self-grafted Tri-X 313 (the control treatments) and Tri-X 313 grafted onto Ojakkyo citron did not differ significantly. Grafted watermelon plants produced greater weights and numbers of fruit than plants of the two control treatments. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum colonized interspecific hybrid squash, bottlegourd, and grafted watermelon. The rootstocks evaluated, however, restricted movement of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum into the watermelon scion, suppressed wilt symptoms, and increased fruit yields in an infested field.

scholarly journals Resistance to Southern Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Wild Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDY A. THIES ◽  
JENNIFER J. ARISS ◽  
CHANDRASEKAR S. KOUSIK ◽  
RICHARD L. HASSELL ◽  
AMNON LEVI
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 2 as Causal Agent of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon in Indiana

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Egel ◽  
R. Harikrishnan ◽  
R. Martyn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
First Report ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Greenhouse Assay

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 is uniformly distributed throughout watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) growing regions, but F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 has a limited known distribution in the United States (Texas, Florida, Oklahoma, Maryland, and Delaware) (3,4). Since the spring of 2001, commercial watermelon fields in Knox and Gibson counties in southwestern Indiana have been observed with symptoms of one-sided wilt and vascular discoloration typical of Fusarium wilt. Race 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum was suspected as the casual agent since the diseased watermelon cultivars are considered resistant to races 0 and 1. Two isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from wilted watermelon plants in two different commercial fields and one isolate obtained from a wilted seedling in a transplant house were compared for pathogenicity in a greenhouse assay. Known isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 0, 1, and 2 were obtained from Don Hopkins (University of Florida, Apopka), Kate Everts (University of Maryland/University of Delaware, Salisbury, MD), and Ray Martyn (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN), respectively, and were used for comparison. All isolates were grown in shake cultures in a mineral salts liquid medium. (1). After 72 hr, the predominately microconidal suspensions were filtered through cheesecloth and adjusted to 1 × 105 conidia/ml with the aid of a hemacytometer. A concentration of 1 × 105 condia/ml was shown previously to cause the desired disease reaction in the standard cultivars. Seedlings of the differential cvs, Black Diamond (universal susceptible), Charleston Gray (race 0 resistant), and Calhoun Gray (race 0 and 1 resistant) were grown in a 1:1, (v:v) sand/ vermiculite mixture to the first true-leaf stage after which the plants were uprooted and the roots carefully washed prior to root dip inoculation. Subsequent to inoculation, seedlings were planted in a sand/vermiculite/ peat mixture (4:1:1, [v:v:v]) with four seedlings to a 15-cm-diameter pot. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replications. Two isolates from the commercial field plants caused an average of 100% wilt on cv. Black Diamond, 95% wilt on cv. Charleston Gray, and 80% wilt on cv. Calhoun Gray, resulting in a designation of race 2. The isolate from a commercial transplant house resulted in 100, 60, and 15% wilt, respectively, on the three standard cultivars resulting in a race 1 designation. The presence of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 in Indiana is significant because Indiana currently ranks fifth in the United States in watermelon production and there are no commercially available cultivars that possess resistance to race 2. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 in Indiana and the first report of race 2 from the Midwest region of the United States. Race 2, first described from the United States in 1985 (2), has now been confirmed in six states. References: (1) R. Esposito and A. Fletcher. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 93:369, 1961. (2) R. Martyn, Plant Dis. 69:1007, 1985. (3) R. Martyn, Plant Dis. 71:233, 1987. (4) X. Zhou and K. Everts. Plant Dis. 87:692, 2003.

scholarly journals Staminate Flower Production and Fusarium Wilt Reaction of Diploid Cultivars Used as Pollenizers for Triploid Watermelon

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gunter ◽  
Daniel S. Egel
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Several cultivars of nonharvested watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) pollenizers were compared for staminate flower production in field tests and disease reaction to fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum (FON)] in both greenhouse and field tests. Differences were observed in staminate flower counts and fusarium wilt reactions in both years of field evaluations and to fusarium wilt among cultivars evaluated in the greenhouse. ‘SP-1’, ‘Sidekick’, and ‘5WDL 6146’ were the cultivars with high staminate flower counts in the field both years. These cultivars also were among the most resistant to fusarium wilt in both years of field tests. Significant correlations occurred between the rankings of the cultivar’s fusarium wilt reactions in both the two field and three greenhouse experiments, indicating a high degree of correlation between field and greenhouse tests.

scholarly journals Grafting for Management of Southern Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Jennifer J. Ariss ◽  
Richard L. Hassell ◽  
Steve Olson ◽  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Germplasm Line ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Four bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) cultivars, one squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima) hybrid, five wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) germplasm lines, and one commercial wild watermelon (C. lanatus var. citroides) cultivar were evaluated as rootstocks for cultivated watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) in fields infested with the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Charleston, SC in 2007 and 2008, and in Quincy, FL in 2008. Commercial watermelon ‘Fiesta’ (diploid seeded) and ‘Tri-X 313’ (triploid seedless) scions were grafted onto the rootstocks in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2007, the plants grafted on rootstock from the wild watermelon germplasm line RKVL 318 had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than nongrafted ‘Fiesta’ watermelon or plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. In 2008, ‘Fiesta’ plants with rootstocks from all five wild watermelon germplasm lines and the commercial watermelon rootstock had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. Root galling of the squash hybrid and bottle gourd rootstocks was severe (78 to 99%) in both years. Root galling for nongrafted ‘Fiesta’ and ‘Tri-X 313’ watermelon was 36 and 50%, respectively. Root galling for the wild watermelon germplasm lines ranged from 11 to 34% and 36 to 44% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Wild watermelon germplasm lines derived from C. lanatus var. citroides were identified that may be useful as resistant rootstocks for managing root-knot nematodes in watermelon.

scholarly journals Identification of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 2 in Citrullus lanatus var. citroides Plant Introductions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Patrick Wechter ◽  
Chandrasekar Kousik ◽  
Melanie McMillan ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
Seedling Inoculation ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Race 2

Fusarium wilt (FW) is a major disease of watermelon in North America and around the world. Control of this disease is difficult because the soilborne causal agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) produces chlamydospores that remain infectious in the soil for many years. Although various levels of resistance to Fon Races 0 and 1 exist in watermelon cultivars, no resistance to Race 2 or 3 has been reported. In this study, we used seed and seedling inoculation procedures to screen 110 U.S. PIs of wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) for resistance to Race 2 FW. Of these 110 accessions, 15 showed significantly higher resistance to Fon Race 2 than that found in the watermelon cultivars Sugar Baby or Charleston Grey as well as in the C. lanatus var. citroides PI 296341 that was reported to contain resistance to FW. PI 271769, another C. lanatus var. citroides that was previously reported as containing resistance to FW, is among the 15 resistant accessions described here. These 15 accessions are potential sources for resistance to Race 2 FW in watermelon breeding.

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