Effects of long-term bare fallow during the winter-wheat growth season on the soil chemical properties, fungal community composition and the occurrence of maize fungal diseases in North China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajiao Wang ◽  
Lijing Ji ◽  
Qiusheng Li ◽  
yu xing wu ◽  
Congcong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Bare Fallow

On the North China Plain, one of the most water-deficient regions in China, bare fallow has been implemented over a large-scale area to conserve water during the growth season of water-intensive winter wheat since 2015. However, the effects of this bare fallow on fungal community and the occurrence of crop diseases are poorly understood. Here we measured soil chemical properties, fungal community composition and the occurrence of crop diseases after 15 years of long-term fallow (continuous maize or soybean) and non-fallow (maize-wheat rotation; soybean-wheat rotation) cropping systems. Bare fallow during the winter-wheat growth season significantly decreased soil organic matter, available nitrogen and phosphorus. It also changed the composition of soil fungal communities, i.e., increased relative abundances of some potentially pathogenic species of Lectera, Fusarium and Volutella but decreased beneficial Cladorrhium and Schizothecium. Meanwhile, the epidemic tendency of maize diseases changed correspondingly: the disease index of southern corn leaf blight and maize brown spot increased, but the incidence of stalk rot decreased compared with the non-fallow system. Soybean diseases were very mild regardless of the cropping system during the total experimental period. Network analysis demonstrated that the soil fungal diversity associated with maize diseases was affected by the decreased soil organic matter and available nitrogen and phosphorus. Our results suggest that bare fallow in winter-wheat season affected the soil chemical properties, fungal community and the occurrence of maize fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Fungal community characteristics and driving factors during the decaying process of Salix psammophila sand barriers in the desert

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258159
Author(s):  
Yumei Liang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Ruidong Wang ◽  
Xia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Wood-inhabiting fungi are crucial to wood decay and decomposition in S. psammophila sand barriers, which in turn consumingly influence nutrient dynamics in desert soils. In the case of an extremely arid desert, as opposed to forests, little of known about the fungal community composition of decaying wood and the effects of decomposing wood on soil physical and chemical properties. Combined with high-throughput gene sequencing technology, we investigated the relationships between microenvironment factors with fungal community composition and diversity during the decomposition of Salix psammophila sand barriers. The results showed that the destruction of lignocellulose components during the decay process of S. psammophila sand barrier alters the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding soil. Compared with one-year sand barrier, lignin and cellulose of seven-year S. psammophila sand barrier decreased by 40.48% and 38.33%, respectively. Soil available potassium and available nitrogen increased by 39.80% and 99.46%, respectively. We confirmed that soil available nitrogen, soil pH and soil moisture content significantly affected the fungal community distribution of S. psammophila sand barriers. Sordariomycetes are mainly affected by the positive correlation of soil pH, while Eurotiomycetes are most affected by the positive correlation of soil moisture content and soil porosity. Although our results highlighted the importance of bidirectional interactions between fungi in decayed sand barriers and soil properties, their contribution to the desert ecosystem still needs further confirmation from future studies. However, overall our findings improved the current understanding of the sand barrier-soil interactions on the process of ecological restoration.

scholarly journals Crop Rotations and Poultry Litter Affect Dynamic Soil Chemical Properties and Soil Biota Long Term

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ashworth ◽  
F. L. Allen ◽  
J. M. DeBruyn ◽  
P. R. Owens ◽  
C. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties

scholarly journals Effect of long term zero tillage on soil chemical properties: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2679-2684
Author(s):  
Mamta Phogat ◽  
Rita Dahiya ◽  
PS Sangwan ◽  
Manchala Santhosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Zero Tillage

scholarly journals Does the Mixture of Species change the C:N:P Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of fine Roots? A Case Study of Cupressus Funebris Mixed Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchun He ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiaochen Wen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Baoru Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract The growth of fine roots of trees is affected by environmental changes and biological factors. At present, there have been many researches on the physiological plasticity of fine roots caused by environmental changes, but there are still few studies on the influence of biological factors on fine roots. This paper focused on the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in different root orders of Cupressus funebris fine roots in 11 mixed stands with Koelreuteria paniculate or Toona sinensis at different ratios, and the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the root chemical properties. It aimed to provide new insights into the fine-root nutrient distribution pattern and the transformation or reconstruction of low-efficiency pure forests from the standpoint of forest types. The results showed that: soil pH, and the content of available nitrogen (SAN), available phosphorus (SAP) and available potassium (SAK) differed significantly in the tested mixed forest stands. No significant differences in carbon content of fine roots were observed in different mixed stands. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in fine roots in mixed forests showed heterogeneity. Species mixing changed the C/N, C/P and N/P of the C. funebris compared the pure stands. The "T. sinensis + C. funebris" forest alleviated the limitation of the lack of phosphorus on fine roots of C. funebris on. The principal component analysis showed that mixed stands of "T. sinensis + C. funebris" had the highest comprehensive score at ratio of "3:1". Thus, our results recommended the adoption of T. sinensis, especially at 75%, to reconstruct the low-efficiency pure C. funebris forest.

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