First Report of a Natural Occurrence of Tomato yellow fruit ring virus on Pepper in Iran

Tospoviruses are considered one of the most devastating viruses in different crops and ornamentals worldwide. There have been increasing records of the natural occurrence of Tomato yellow fruit ring virus (TYFRV) in Iran (e.g., 1,2,3), a recently proposed species in the genus Tospovirus (4). During the growing seasons 2010 to 2011, surveys were conducted in pepper fields (Capsicum annum) in Tehran province, one of the main vegetable producing areas of Iran, to detect the presence of tospovirus species infecting this crop, including Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), TYFRV, and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). Overall, 14 fields were surveyed and 119 pepper leaf samples from plants showing tospovirus-like symptoms of yellow mosaic, chlorosis, and necrosis were collected. Each leaf sample was tested by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using specific antisera (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland; Loewe, Sauerlach, Germany; DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) for the presence of the aforementioned tospoviruses. Based on the results, TYFRV were found in 21 samples (17.6%) collected from five fields surveyed. None of the samples had a positive reaction in ELISA to GRSV, INSV, IYSV, TCSV, TSWV, and WSMoV. To confirm testing, six leaf samples that were found positive for TYFRV in ELISA tests were mechanically inoculated on Petunia × hybrid and Nicotiana rustica; for all the samples studied, the inoculated plants showed typical necrotic local lesions of tospoviruses, and chlorotic or necrotic spots followed by systemic infection, respectively; their infection was subsequently confirmed by ELISA. Four out of the six samples also were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technique using previously described specific primers (2). The PCR reaction, in agreement with ELISA tests, resulted in the specifically amplification of a ~1.2-kb fragment of TYFRV RNAs. Using the PCR amplification primers mentioned above, the nucleotide sequences of nucleoprotein (N) genes of two isolates, namely TY-PepT43 and TY-PepT74, were determined (GenBank Accession Nos. KC354692 and KC354693, respectively); BLAST search results confirmed the presence of TYFRV and showed high nucleotide identities (99.0%) to TY-PF36 isolate of the virus. The virus has been previously reported on potato, tomato, ornamental plants, and some weed species in Tehran Province (1,3,4). This coupled with the presence of TYFRV vector, i.e., Thrips tabaci, in the same region (1), may have resulted in the occurrence of the virus on pepper plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of TYFRV from pepper plants in Iran. References: (1) T. Ghotbi et al. Plant Dis. 89:425, 2005. (2) A. R. Golnaraghi et al. Plant Dis. 92:1280, 2008. (3) R. Pourrahim et al. Plant Dis. 91:609, 2007. (4) S. Winter et al. Plant Pathol. 55:287, 2006.

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Occurrence of Tospoviruses in Ornamental and Weed Species in Markazi and Tehran Provinces in Iran

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0425 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 425-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

T. Ghotbi ◽

N. Shahraeen ◽

S. Winter

Keyword(s):

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Weed Species ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Chlorotic Spot ◽

Ornamental Crops ◽

Plant Sampling ◽

Wilt Virus

Damage to agricultural crops by tospoviruses has occurred sporadically in Iran in the past; however, since 2000, outbreaks of tospoviruses have been recorded every year. The most affected ornamental crops were surveyed in two main cultivation areas in provinces of Markazi (Mahallat) and Tehran in 2000-01 and 2001-02. A few weed species also were collected. In all, 513 samples (with or without any conspicuous virus symptoms) were collected and analyzed by double- and triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with polyclonal antibodies to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), and Tomato Varamin virus (ToVV), a new Tospovirus sp. from Iran. These viruses frequently were detected in samples of many different ornamentals and often in mixed infections, whereas Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) was detected in only four samples. ToVV also was found in weeds growing in Chrysanthemum fields and in a Cuscuta sp. Applying double-antibody sandwich ELISA, no positive reactions were found with Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). Of the total of 513 samples tested, 345 samples did not react with any Tospovirus antisera. In Tehran, INSV was identified in 21 samples (10%), IYSV in 4 samples (2%), TSWV in 16 samples (8%), and ToVV in 22 samples (11%). In Markazi province, INSV was identified in 24 samples (8%), IYSV in 1 sample (0.5%), TSWV in 40 samples (13%), and ToVV in 36 samples (12%). ToVV was found to prevail in Tehran province and TSWV in Markazi. Thrips spp. present at the plant sampling sites also were collected and identified.

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First Report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Gentiana macrophylla in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-10-0685 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 357-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Ding ◽

Y. Yin ◽

Q. Fang ◽

S. Li ◽

Z. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Sandwich Elisa ◽

N Gene ◽

Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Necrotic Spot ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Spot Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Severe Stunting ◽

Gentiana Macrophylla

Large leaf gentian, Gentiana macrophylla Pall., known as Qin Jiao in Chinese, is a medicinal herb. Its root is most commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine to relieve rheumatic conditions and to remove damp-heat. During a survey in July 2009, large leaf gentian plants exhibiting foliar chlorotic and necrotic spots as well as severe stunting were collected in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province of China. Incidence of symptomatic plants ranged from 10 to 30% in the field. Symptomatic leaves from five different G. macrophylla plants were collected and tested for Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Tomato spotted wilt virus, Watermelon silver mottle virus, Groundnut bud necrosis virus, Tomato chlorotic spot virus, and Groundnut ringspot virus by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA kits (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). All tested samples were positive only for INSV. To further confirm the presence of INSV, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted. Total RNA was extracted from the symptomatic large leaf gentian plants leaves with a RNeasy Plant Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) and used as a template in RT-PCR using forward (5′-CTT TGC TTT TTA GAA CTG TGC A-3′) and reverse (5′-AGA GCA ATT GTG TCA CGA ATA T-3′) primers specific to the partial INSV nucleoprotein (N) gene (GenBank No. DQ425096). Amplicons of the expected size (approximately 760 bp) were obtained from all ELISA-positive samples. Three clones were sequenced and the partial nucleocapsid protein genes consensus sequences of these isolates were determined (GenBank No. HQ317133). Nucleotide sequences of large leaf gentian isolates shared 98 to 99% nucleotide identity with INSV sequences of isolates from China, Italy, Japan, United States, and the Netherlands (GenBank Nos. FN400772, GQ336989, DQ425096, AB109100, D00914, AB109100, and X66972). INSV is one of the most serious viral pathogens of ornamental plants in North America, Europe, and Asia (1–3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural occurrence of INSV in G. macrophylla in China. References: (1) S. T. Koike. Plant Dis. 92:1248, 2008. (2) E. K. Tóth et al. Plant Dis. 91:331, 2007. (3) Q. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 94:915, 2010.

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First Report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus Infecting Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium Orchids in Yunnan Province, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-7-0915a ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 915-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Q. Zhang ◽

Y.-M. Ding ◽

M. Li

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

N Gene ◽

Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽

Necrotic Spot ◽

Spot Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Chlorotic Spot ◽

Consensus Sequences ◽

Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus

In November 2007, leaves of 79 Phalaenopsis and two Dendrobium orchid plants in a nursery in Yunnan Province showed large chlorotic/necrotic ringspot symptoms. Eight symptomatic leaves from Phalaenopsis and two from Dendrobium were sampled and tested for Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), and Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) with double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). All samples were positive for INSV and negative for TSWV, WSMoV, GBNV, TCSV, and GRSV. Total RNA extracts were prepared from all ELISA-positive samples with the RNeasy extraction kit (Huashun Inc., Shanghai, China). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out with specific primers to the INSV N gene (ZI2F, 5′-GTTTAGCCTTACCAAT-3′ and ZI2R, 5′-TACCAACAACCGTGAA-3′), designed from a sequence of GenBank Accession No. AB109100. All ELISA-positive samples yielded an amplification product of the expected 539 bp as observed by gel electrophoresis in 1% agarose. Three clones from each isolate were sequenced and two N gene consensus sequences of the isolates from Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium were determined (GenBank Nos. GU289904 and GU289905, respectively). Nucleotide sequences of these two Chinese orchid isolates were 98 to 99% identical with sequences of isolates from the Netherlands, United States, Italy, and Japan (GenBank Nos. X66972, D00914, DQ425096 and AB109100, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of INSV infecting Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium in Yunnan Province, although INSV has been reported in Oncidium in Yunnan Province previously (2), and the first time that INSV has been detected in Dendrobium. An investigation of the orchid nurseries looking for the thrips vector (1) of INSV was performed and a few thrips were found, suggesting that thrips may not be responsible for the observed prevalence of INSV in these nurseries. The orchids were imported from Taiwan and reproduced by tissue culture and it is possible that INSV found to be infecting orchids in these Yunnan nurseries may be from the infected source plant and was not eradicated completely through tissue culture. To reduce spread of INSV, virus-free tissue culture should be a priority for orchid production. References: (1). S. T. Koike and D. E. Mayhew. Orchids. Mag. Am. Orchid Soc. 70:746, 2001. (2). Q. Zhang et al. Plant Quarantine. 22:348, 2008.

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Coriander: A New Natural Host of Groundnut Ring Spot Virus in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.9.878c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. 878-878 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. F. Lima ◽

A. C. de Ávila ◽

L. J. da G. Wanderley ◽

T. Nagata ◽

L. J. W. da Gama

Keyword(s):

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Chlorotic Spot ◽

Ring Spot ◽

Das Elisa

Coriander plants (Coriandrum sativum L. ‘Palmeira’), showing stunting, chlorotic ring spots, necrosis, and malformation of apical leaves were observed on 50-day-old-plants in July 1998 in one seed production field at Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, but not in nearby fields. Leaf samples were collected and tested by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with a panel of polyclonal antibodies made against the nucleocapsid protein (N) of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV), and impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) (1). All symptomatic samples reacted only with the GRSV antisera. Coriander leaf extracts from infected plants were mechanically inoculated onto potential indicator hosts. The virus induced systemic infection with vein clearing, chlorotic and necrotic spots, necrotic ring spots, mosaic, top distortion, and stunting within 21 days after inoculation on Capsicum annuum cv. Ikeda, C. chinense PI 159236, Physalis floridana, Nicandra physaloides, Nicotiana tabacum cv. TNN, N. benthamiana, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. BT2, and Gomphrena globosa. The symptomatic indicator plants tested positive for GRSV by DAS-ELISA. P. vulgaris, Chenopodium amaranthicolor, C. quinoa, and Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) cv. Caserta showed only small, necrotic, local lesions on inoculated leaves. Citrullus lanatus cv. Charleston Gray was asymptomatic. This is the first report of natural occurrence of GRSV on coriander in Brazil. Reference: (1) A. C. de Ávila et al. J. Gen. Virol. 71:2801, 1990.

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First Report of the Natural Occurrence of Tomato chlorotic spot virus in Peanuts in Haiti

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-16-0070-pdn ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 1797 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. O. Adegbola ◽

A. M. Fulmer ◽

B. Williams ◽

T. B. Brenneman ◽

R. C. Kemerait ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Occurrence ◽

Spot Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Chlorotic Spot

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First Report of Tomato chlorotic spot virus in the Non-Solanaceous Weeds Erect Spiderling (Boerhavia erecta), Asian Spiderflower (Cleome viscosa), and Sweet Chili Pepper (Capsicum chinense) in Puerto Rico

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-12-16-0072-br ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 17-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Consuelo Estévez de Jensen ◽

Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas ◽

Galen Frantz ◽

H. Charles Mellinger ◽

William W. Turechek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Capsicum Chinense ◽

Spot Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Chlorotic Spot ◽

New Hosts ◽

Cleome Viscosa

Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) has recently been detected in tomato, bell pepper, jimsonweed, and lettuce in Puerto Rico. Observations of weeds and additional crops in 2015 and 2016 revealed TCSV-like symptoms. Testing of these symptomatic plants identified three new hosts of TCSV in Puerto Rico: erect spiderling (Boerhavia erecta); Asian spiderflower (Cleome viscosa); and sweet chili pepper (Capsicum chinense).

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First Report of Tomato chlorotic spot virus in Hoya wayetii and Schlumbergera truncata

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-br-14-0043 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 29-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Carlye A. Baker ◽

Scott Adkins

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Spot Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Chlorotic Spot ◽

Production Space ◽

Related Plant ◽

Diverse Plant Species ◽

Diverse Plant

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of TCSV infection of H. wayetii and S. truncata from any location, although other tospoviruses are known to infect these and related plant species. The identification of these two diverse plant species as the first reported natural ornamental hosts of TCSV has implications for TCSV epidemiology and management in ornamental and vegetable crops, which frequently share production space. Accepted by publication 15 January 2015. Published 25 February 2015.

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