The Development of Rhythmic Categories as Revealed Through an Iterative Production Task

Both humans and some non-human animals (e.g., birds and primates) demonstrate bias toward simple integer ratios in auditory rhythms. In humans, biases are found for small integer-ratio rhythms in general. In addition, there are biases for the specific small integer-ratio rhythms common to one’s cultural listening experience. To better understand the developmental trajectory of these biases, we estimated children’s rhythm priors across the entire human rhythm production space of simple rhythms. North American children aged 6-11 years completed an iterative rhythm production task, in which they tapped in synchrony with repeating three-interval rhythms. For each rhythm, the child’s produced rhythm was presented back to them as the stimulus, and over the course of 5 iterations we used their final reproductions to estimate their rhythmic biases or priors. Results suggest that children’s rhythmic priors are (nearly) integer ratios, and the relative weights of the categories observed in children are highly correlated with those of adults. However, we also observed age-related changes especially for the ratio types that vary most across cultures. In an additional rhythm perception task, children were better at detecting rhythmic disruptions to a culturally familiar rhythm (in 4/4 meter with 2:1:1 ratio pattern) than to a culturally unfamiliar rhythm (7/8 meter with 3:2:2 ratios), and performance in this task was correlated with tapping variability in the iterative task. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that children as young as 6 years old exhibit categorical rhythm priors in their rhythm production that closely resemble those of adults in the same culture.

Spatiotemporal Evolution Patterns of “Production-Living-Ecological” Spaces and the Coordination Level and Optimization of the Functions in Jilin Province

The coordinated development of the territorial spatial pattern and its function is an important prerequisite for the realization of regional high-quality development. This paper aims to reveal the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial–temporal pattern and the coupling coordination level of the “production-living-ecological” spaces (PLES) in Jilin Province from 1998 to 2018 by using the entropy method, a coupling coordination model and spatial analysis methods, and proposes the optimization paths for the four regions of the province. The results indicate that the scale of the ecological space was the largest, mainly concentrated in the eastern region. The production space was mainly concentrated in the central and western regions, and the scale of the living space was the smallest, but increased slightly, mainly concentrated in the central regions. The PLE functions in every county and city are at the coupling coordination levels of mild and moderate imbalance. Eastern Jilin should take the ecological function as the lead, and should improve the production and living functions; Central Jilin should maintain the production and living functions and improve the ecological function; Western Jilin should strengthen ecological restoration and accelerate the transformation and development of the green production function. This study can provide references for the optimization of the provincial territorial space layout in order to improve the regional territorial space coordination and sustainable development.

System of Consumer Services for Population of Western Section of BAM Construction Areas (1974—1989)

The article is devoted to the history of the organization of consumer services for the population in the areas of construction of the BAM western section in 1974—1989. The features of the material and technical support of the household service, the problems of staffing, the structure and dynamics of services in cities and townships of builders are considered. It is noted that the network of consumer services enterprises was designed in a temporary version for the period of construction of the main railway. It is shown that the lag in the development of the public services system was caused by the sectoral mechanism of construction management, adjustments to design estimates, and a reduction in funding for civil construction. It is emphasized that, unlike other objects of the social sphere, which received the support of the all-Union ministries, the organization of the welfare service was under the territorial jurisdiction. In consumer services for the population of the construction site, such problems as a lack of production space, materials and components, an insignificant degree of mechanization and automation of labor, and a high staff turnover have been identified. Summing it up, the author comes to the conclusion that attempts to reform the industry in the second half of the 1980s could not significantly increase the efficiency of the household service in connection with the completion of the BAM construction and the simultaneous crisis of the Soviet system.

Identification and Characterization of Production—Living—Ecological Space in a Central Urban Area Based on POI Data: A Case Study for Wuhan, China

Cities are the main carriers of high population agglomeration and socio-economic activities and are also the areas where contradictions among production, living, and ecological space are concentrated. Effective identification of Production—Living—Ecological space is conducive to the balanced and sustainable development of urban space. First, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism and connotation of urban Production—Living—Ecological space and constructs the classification system of point-of-interest (POI) data. Then, it identifies the Production—Living—Ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan effectively by using the analytic hierarchy process, spatial analysis method, and the quadrat proportion method and verifies the accuracy of Production—Living—Ecological space by the sampling verification method. Last but not least, it adopts spatial auto-correlation analysis and Geo-detector to reveal spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors. The results indicate that: (1) The overall accuracy of the identification accuracy test of Production—Living—Ecological space in Wuhan is 92.86%. (2) There is a significant spatial correlation among production space, living space, and ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan with living space being the dominant space and production space the secondary space intersected and embedded in the north and south banks of the Yangtze River. (3) Results of the analysis of the driving factor show that elements comprising life services, corporate enterprises, and scenic spots play a leading role in realizing the living space, the production space, and the ecological space, respectively, and the interactions between these elements have a significant driving effect on the three types of space. The results prove that POI big data are more scientific and practical in urban spatial planning, and it can provide a useful reference for the sustainable development of spatial planning.

Pendampingan Penerapan GMP Pada Pengolahan Terasi Tutok Di Desa Kuala Pusing Kapal

Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah untuk melakukan pendampingan penerapan Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) pada mitra sebagai salah satu syarat dalam memperoleh sertifikat P-IRT dan legalitas produk lainnya. Mitra kegiatan pengabdian adalah masyarakat pengolah dan produksi terasi tutok di Desa Kuala Pusong Kapal Kecamatan Seruway Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang berjumlah 40 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pendampingan penerapan GMP dalam proses pengolahan dan produksi terasi tutok, dengan bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain : 1) Peningkatan kualitas SDM, 2) Pemisahan ruang produksi dan ruang penyimpanan, 3) Pembuatan rak pengering yang terstandarisasi, 4) Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri, 5) Pengadaan wadah fermentasi yang sesuai standar, dan 6) Pengadaan mesin penggiling/penghancur. Hasil kegiatan adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang proses produksi terasi tutok yang terstandar, selain itu pasilitas produksi tersi tutok yang terstandar dapat diadakan dengan kerjasama antara tim pengabdian dan swadaya mitra. Kegiatan pendampingan masih perlu dilakukan secara kontinu sehingga mitra benar-benar dapat memproduksi tersi tutok secara mandiri.Assistance for the Implementation of GMP in Tutok Shrimp Processing in Kuala Pusing Kapal VillageAbstractThe purpose of this community service is to provide assistance to the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) to partners as one of the requirements for obtaining a P-IRT certificate and other product legality. The community service partners consist of 40 people who process and produce shrimp paste in Kuala Pusong Kapal Village, Seruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency. The method used in this community service activity is assistance in implementing GMP in the processing and production of terasi tutok, with the following activities: 1) Improving the quality of human resources, 2) Separation of production space and storage space, 3) Making standardized drying racks ,4) Use of Personal Protective Equipment, 5) Procurement of fermentation containers in accordance with standards, and 6) Procurement of grinding / crushing machines. The result of the activity is an increase in knowledge and understanding of the standardized tutu terasi production process, besides that standardized terasi tutu production facilities can be held in collaboration between the community service team and partner self-help. Assistance activities still need to be carried out continuously so that partners can actually produce teri tutok independently.

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE CHANGE OF THE PRODUCTION SPACE LAYOUT OF MUTTON SHEEP IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

This paper expounds the current situation of mutton sheep industry development in the dominant meat producing areas in southwest China by combing the existing literature, analyzes the characteristics and trends of mutton sheep yield variation in the dominant meat producing areas in southwest China, and analyzes the comparative advantages of meat sheep production in the dominant meat producing areas in Southwest China by using the comprehensive comparative Advantage Index (AAI). And the regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting the mutton sheep production layout in southwest China, and it was concluded that the traffic, policy, economy and urbanization level had a very prominent influence on the mutton sheep production layout.

Increasing The Brand Awareness of KONOPA to Its Customers through Instagram Account Management

KONOPA or Komunitas Noken Papua is an official trade brand registered by the Papua Legal Department and Human Rights Department since 2011 located in Jayapura, Papua. KONOPA's main product is Noken, a multifunctional knotted or woven bag of Papuan. Unlike other online-based Noken sellers, KONOPA has its own production space in making Noken. However, I found that there was a lack of audience interaction in KONOPA’s social media activity as well as the problem. After conducting an interview, the customers mostly were not interested in discovering the information KONOPA provided. Therefore, it is necessary to update the ways in promoting in order to increase consumer engagement. Thus, I designed some Instagram content and display pictures. These works would be beneficial for the organization to draw back the customers’ attention and buy the products. Based on the final result as well as the solved problem, the average number of the audience interaction has increased.Keywords: Brand awareness, Social Media Management, Instagram, Consumer Engagement