Species of Pythium Associated with Seedling Root and Hypocotyl Disease on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Western Australia

The occurrence and distribution of Pythium spp. were determined by collecting isolates of Pythium from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants showing root or hypocotyl disease symptoms from different areas of Western Australia in 2012. Eight different Pythium species (Pythium conidiophorum, P. diclinum, P. intermedium, P. irregulare, P. lutarium, P. mamillatum, P. pachycaule, and P. perplexum) were isolated and identified according to molecular sequences. P. irregulare was the most widespread Pythium sp. All species, except P. perplexum, were pathogenic to the hypocotyl and root of common bean. We believe this is the first report of P. intermedium as a pathogen on common bean worldwide. This is also the first report of P. conidiophorum, P. intermedium, P. lutarium, P. mamillatum, P. pachycaule, and P. diclinum as pathogens on common bean in Australia and the first report of P. irregulare as a pathogen on common bean in Western Australia. P. intermedium was the most pathogenic species, causing the most severe disease on ‘Gourmet Delight’ (percent root disease index [%RDI] 75 ± 2.9 and percent hypocotyl disease index [%HDI] 59.2 ± 3.2) and ‘Pioneer’ (%RDI 75 ± 2.9 and %HDI 65.8 ± 3.2). That the relative susceptibility or resistance (the ability of a plant to reduce the extent of invasion by the pathogen) of a given bean variety to one Pythium sp. was, in general, similar across the other Pythium spp. was an important finding, because this opens up opportunities to utilize a single virulent isolate of one Pythium sp. to identify general resistance to a wider spectrum of Pythium spp.

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Effect of Timing and Duration of Soil Saturation on Soilborne Pythium Diseases of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-13-0964-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 112-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yu Pin Li ◽

Ming Pei You ◽

Timothy D. Colmer ◽

Martin J. Barbetti

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Disease Index ◽

Root Disease ◽

Damping Off ◽

Pythium Irregulare ◽

Soil Saturation ◽

The Impact

Understanding combined abiotic (waterlogging) and biotic (Pythium spp.) stress resistance remains an important challenge to improving common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) productivity in disease-prone regions with irregular but intensive rainfall patterns. This study documented the effects of timing (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days after sowing) and duration (3, 6, 12, and 24 h) of soil saturation (waterlogging) on damping-off, as well as hypocotyl and root diseases of common bean caused by Pythium irregulare. There were significant effects of timing of waterlogging as well as the presence or absence of the pathogen on emergence of the three bean varieties tested; namely, ‘Gourmet Delight’, ‘Brown Beauty’, and ‘Pioneer’. The interaction between time of waterlogging and variety was significant for both root and hypocotyl disease severities. In the presence of P. irregulare, waterlogging 1 day after sowing resulted in the least emergence (55.2 ± 5.6%), although plants that survived after 5 weeks had less hypocotyl and root disease (percent hypocotyl disease index [%HDI] ± standard deviation [SD] = 42.0 ± 2.1% and percent root disease index [%RDI] ± SD = 42.4 ± 2.1%, respectively) than nonwaterlogged plants (%HDI = 50.8 ± 2.1% and %RDI = 48.0 ± 2.1%, respectively). The most severe disease assessed 5 weeks after sowing occurred when plants were subjected to waterlogging 9 days after sowing (%HDI = 61.3 ± 2.1% and %RDI = 56.0 ± 2.1%). In general, both hypocotyl and root disease severity increased as the duration of waterlogging increased from 1 to 24 h, with %HDI increasing from 53.9 ± 3.2% to 70.9 ± 3.2%, while %RDI increased from 57.2 ± 1.5% to 73.7 ± 1.5%. Varieties responded differentially in terms of disease development after waterlogging, with the least hypocotyl and root disease on Gourmet Delight (%HDI = 51.4 ± 3.2 and %RDI = 60.1 ± 1.5, respectively) and greatest on Pioneer (%HDI = 66.2 ± 3.2 and %RDI = 64.9 ± 1.5, respectively). Despite being susceptible to hypocotyl and root disease, Pioneer had the greatest emergence and shoot dry weight overall among the three varieties, suggesting that this variety has a degree of tolerance to waterlogging, P. irregulare infection, and the combination of these two stresses. Although the resistance of Gourmet Delight could be exploited to breed bean varieties that exhibit less hypocotyl and root disease when waterlogging occurs, the tolerance to both P. irregulare infection and waterlogging observed for Pioneer could also be exploited to breed varieties that incur less damage from hypocotyl or root disease or waterlogging. Furthermore, this study demonstrated what appears to be independent resistance to hypocotyl versus root infection by P. irregulare, which offers an opportunity to combine resistance to both stresses to reduce the impact of damping-off and root rot in conditions conducive for P. irregulare.

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First Report of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Stem Rot Caused by Colletotrichum spaethianum in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-18-0774-pdn ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

L. Yang ◽

X. H. Lu ◽

Y. L. Jing ◽

S. D. Li ◽

B. M. Wu

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Stem Rot ◽

First Report

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Characterization of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates using differential cultivars of common bean in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132008000500002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 883-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽

Claudia Thomazella ◽

Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽

Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal ◽

Haroldo Tavares Elias

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

First Report ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Differential Cultivar ◽

Santa Catarina State

In 2003 and 2004, 32 isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum obtained from the infected plants of field-grown common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Santa Catarina state, Brazil were analyzed based on the virulence to 12 differential cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L.. Thirteen distinct races were identified, six of which had not been reported previously in Santa Catarina. This is the first report of the occurrence of 67, 83,101,103,105, and 581 races of C. lindemuthianum. Race 65 was most common (34%). All the isolates were compatible to the cultivars Michelite and Mexico 222. Some isolates infected not only differential cultivar of Mesoamerican origin, but also the ones of Andean origin.

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First Report of Fusarium cuneirostrum Causing Root Rot of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Uganda

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-18-0440-pdn ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (12) ◽

pp. 2639-2639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Sang ◽

J. L. Jacobs ◽

J. Wang ◽

C. M. Mukankusi ◽

M. I. Chilvers

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Root Rot ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

First Report

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Aphelenchoides besseyi Parasitizing Common Bean in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-20-1991-sc ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luciany Favoreto ◽

Mauricio Conrado Meyer ◽

Angélica Calandrelli ◽

Michele Corpolato Maia Silva ◽

Santino Aleandro Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Management Strategies ◽

First Report ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Shoot System ◽

Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽

Common Bean Plants ◽

Foliar Retention

Aphelenchoides besseyi is the causal agent of soybean green stem and foliar retention syndrome known as Soja Louca II. This nematode has recently been reported parasitizing cotton in Brazil. In Costa Rica, it causes the symptoms known as “amachamiento” and false angular spots in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Due to the great importance of beans to Brazilian agriculture, the objective of this research was to study the pathogenicity of A. besseyi in common bean under greenhouse conditions, including its endoparasitic relationships by staining root and shoot system tissues with fuchsin acid. In addition, A. besseyi was collected and quantified from shoot systems 30 days after inoculation by washing the tissue in water and blender centrifugal-flotation. We observed the symptoms of “amachamiento”, leaf and vein deformation in the expanded trifoliate leaves, and also leaves with necrotic, brown to reddish and angular lesions, characteristics from false angular spot, and deformed stems characterized by enlargement of nodes, retortions and necrotic lesions. High numbers of nematodes were found inside common bean plants. This is the first report of the pathogenicity and symptoms caused by A. besseyi in common bean in Brazil. These findings are important for development of management strategies to avoid losses on bean cropped in infested areas.

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First Report of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Root Rot Caused by Plectosphaerella cucumerina in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-17-1659-pdn ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (9) ◽

pp. 1849-1849 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Yang ◽

X. H. Lu ◽

S. D. Li ◽

B. M. Wu

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Root Rot ◽

First Report ◽

Plectosphaerella Cucumerina

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Salinity drives host reaction in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) to Macrophomina phaseolina

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp11137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 984 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ming Pei You ◽

Timothy D. Colmer ◽

Martin J. Barbetti

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Seedling Blight ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Host Reaction ◽

Tissue Concentrations ◽

K Concentration

Productivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is often limited by diseases such as seedling blight and root and stem rot caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina and by abiotic stresses such as salinity. This paper reports controlled environment studies examining the interaction of biotic (M. phaseolina) and abiotic (NaCl) stresses. Studies were conducted at 32°C. On potato dextrose agar, the growth of two isolates of M. phaseolina (M1, M2) was differentially stimulated by 40 mM NaCl with 1 mM CaSO4. M. phaseolina was applied as either soil-borne inoculum or directly injected into P. vulgaris hypocotyls. For direct hypocotyl inoculation experiments, there was no difference in disease severity resulting from the two isolates. However, when soil inoculation was undertaken, isolate M2 caused more disease than M1. Addition of 40 mM NaCl to the soil increased disease development and severity (evident 4 days after inoculation), particularly as demonstrated in the hypocotyl inoculation tests, suggesting that salinity stress predisposes plants to infection by this pathogen. Plants infested by M. phaseolina showed increased tissue concentrations of Na+ and Cl– but decreased K+ concentration. Hypocotyls generally contained higher Na+ concentrations than shoots. Inoculated plants had higher Na+ and lower K+ concentrations than uninoculated plants. Our studies indicate that M. phaseolina will be a more severe disease threat where P. vulgaris is cultivated in areas affected by soil salinity.

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First Report of Bean Rust Caused by Uromyces appendiculatus Race 19-63 in Puerto Rico

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2009-0325-01-br ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Byron Vega ◽

James S. Beaver ◽

Consuelo Estévez de Jensen ◽

James R. Steadman

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽

Bean Rust ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

First Report ◽

New Race ◽

Important Disease

Bean rust caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger is an important disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. To our knowledge this is the first report of a new race of U. appendiculatus (19-63) in Puerto Rico and in the western hemisphere. Accepted for publication 4 February 2009. Published 25 March 2009.

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Molecular characterization of two evolutionarily distinct endornaviruses co-infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.044487-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 220-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ryo Okada ◽

Chee Keat Yong ◽

Rodrigo A. Valverde ◽

Sead Sabanadzovic ◽

Nanako Aoki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Common Property ◽

Sequence Information ◽

Cell Fractionation ◽

Site Specific ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

The Common ◽

A Site

Two high-molecular-mass dsRNAs of approximately 14 and 15 kbp were isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivar Black Turtle Soup. These dsRNAs did not appear to cause obvious disease symptoms, and were transmitted through seeds at nearly 100 % efficiency. Sequence information indicates that they are the genomes of distinct endornavirus species, for which the names Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1 (PvEV-1) and Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 2 (PvEV-2) are proposed. The PvEV-1 genome consists of 13 908 bp and potentially encodes a single polyprotein of 4496 aa, while that of PvEV-2 consists of 14 820 bp and potentially encodes a single ORF of 4851 aa. PvEV-1 is more similar to Oryza sativa endornavirus, while PvEV-2 is more similar to bell pepper endornavirus. Both viruses have a site-specific nick near the 5′ region of the coding strand, which is a common property of the endornaviruses. Their polyproteins contain domains of RNA helicase, UDP-glycosyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which are conserved in other endornaviruses. However, a viral methyltransferase domain was found in the N-terminal region of PvEV-2, but was absent in PvEV-1. Results of cell-fractionation studies suggested that their subcellular localizations were different. Most endornavirus-infected bean cultivars tested were co-infected with both viruses.

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