scholarly journals Resistance to Root Galling Caused by the Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea in Potato

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1643-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Nitzan ◽  
Tom F. Cummings ◽  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
Jeff S. Miller ◽  
Dallas L. Batchelor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Umatilla Russet

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) selections (clones and commercial cultivars) were examined for resistance to root galling, caused by the powdery scab pathogen Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea in seven field trials conducted between 2003 and 2007 in the states of Washington and Idaho. Four industry reference cultivars—Shepody, Russet Burbank, Russet Ranger, and Umatilla Russet—were used as susceptible standards. Every year, selections less susceptible than the standards were considered resistant and progressed to the next season. Selections that did not demonstrate resistance in at least two consecutive trials were discarded. Eight potato selections were more resistant to root galling than the susceptible standards in two or more trials: PA98NM38-1 was more resistant than the susceptible standards in 5 of 5 trials, PO94A009-10 in 4 of 5 trials, PA95B2-4 and PA98N5-2 in 3 of 5 trials, POR00HG5-1 in 2 of 5 trials, PO94A009-7 in 3 of 4 trials, PO94A012-2 in 2 of 3 trials, and Summit Russet in 2 of 2 trials. POR00HG5-1 has Solanum hougasii in its ancestry, while the other selections have the Mexican wild species Solanum bulbocastanum and the commercial cultivar Summit Russet appearing in their ancestry. Summit Russet is the most plausible source of resistance.

Effects of irrigation regimes on powdery scab disease and yield of potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Taylor ◽  
SP Flett ◽  
RFde Boer ◽  
D Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Tuber Set ◽  
Large Scale Field

The period of susceptibility of potato tubers to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) was studied by inoculating potato plants with spores, or by watering plants in infested soil, at different stages of plant development in greenhouse conditions. Maximum susceptibility began about 1 week before the stage when 50% of stolons had swollen to at least 5-mm diameter (tuber set), and ended 3-4 weeks later. With holding irrigation water during this period reduced the severity of powdery scab by 65-75% in field experiments in 1981-82 and 1982-83, but had no apparent effect on disease severity in 3 out of 6 large-scale field trials during 1984-85.

Effects of nitrogen fertiliser on potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Russet Burbank) in Tasmania. 1. Yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
K. S. R. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Thirteen field trials were conducted on ferrosols and tenosols in Tasmania to assess the response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Russet Burbank) to basal (up to 250 kg/ha) and topdressed (up to 100 kg/ha) nitrogen fertiliser. Economic yield responses to basal nitrogen were obtained at 9 sites. Topdressing did not increase yield compared with equivalent rates of basal nitrogen, and often failed to compensate for a lack of nitrogen applied at planting. This lack of response may reflect the inability of the potato crop to make use of nitrogen applied during tuber bulking. Nitrogen fertiliser decreased tuber specific gravity at several sites. The effects of nitrogen on misshapen tubers, bruising susceptibility, crisp colour and hollow heart were inconsistent and often of no practical importance. However, at 2 sites, nitrogen fertiliser increased yields of misshapen tubers at the expense of processing tuber yields. At 1 of these sites, nitrogen topdressing decreased the yield of misshapen tubers. Otherwise, topdressing had similar effects on tuber quality to those of basal nitrogen. Growers should fertilise with nitrogen to optimise their yields. Optimum rates were greater in paddocks that had been continuously cropped for more than 10 years (average rate 193 kg/ha), than in those that had been in pasture (average rate 48 kg/ha).

scholarly journals Field Resistance to Potato Stem Colonization by the Black Dot Pathogen Colletotrichum coccodes

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Nitzan ◽  
Marc A. Evans ◽  
Tom F. Cummings ◽  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
Dallas L. Batchelor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Root Knot Nematode

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) germplasm was tested for resistance to stem colonization by the black dot pathogen Colletotrichum coccodes. Forty-six potato selections were tested in three field trials from 2006 to 2008. Resistance was determined by comparing disease severity on aboveground stems to the mean disease severity of the industry standards Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Umatilla Russet. The potato selections were also tested for genotype*environment interaction to determine their genetic stability. Heritability of resistance was calculated to be 0.13 with confidence intervals between 0.00 and 0.68. The selections A0012-5, PA95B2-4, PA98NM38-1, and PO94A009-7 had less black dot than the standards in all years, and also demonstrated genetic stability. These selections also possess resistance to the root galling stage of the powdery scab pathogen Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. PA95B2-4, PA98NM38-1, and PO94009-7 were derived from an introgression program to incorporate resistance to the Columbia root-knot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi from the Mexican wild species Solanum bulbocastanum, and also have the commercial cultivar Summit Russet in their ancestry. These selections are promising steps toward sustainable management of black dot and powdery scab and will be further tested and used for breeding purposes.

Weed Control and Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Crop Response With Low Rates of Sulfentrazone Applied Postemergence With Metribuzin

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J.S. Hutchinson ◽  
Brent R. Beutler ◽  
Daniel M. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Crop Injury

Sulfentrazone was applied POST at 13, 26, or 53 g ai/ha alone or in combination with metribuzin at 280 or 420 g ai/ha in field trials conducted with ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes in 2002 to 2004. Sulfentrazone alone provided less than 84% redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and kochia control, although control usually improved to 90% or greater when metribuzin was included. Hairy nightshade control reached 90% only when the highest rates of both herbicides were applied in combination. Sulfentrazone alone did not provide any volunteer oat control, whereas control was 85% when the highest metribuzin rate was included. Potato crop injury, consisting of chlorosis, interveinal blackening of the leaves, eventual necrosis, leaf malformation, and plant stunting, increased as the sulfentrazone rate increased. In contrast, injury decreased as metribuzin rate increased from 0 to 420 g/ha, when averaged across sulfentrazone rates. Reduction in injury levels and increased weed control translated to improved tuber yields as metribuzin rate increased. However, when sulfentrazone was combined with the highest metribuzin rate, potato injury was still relatively high at 26 and 18% at 1 and 4 wk after treatment, and acceptance of sulfentrazone applied POST with metribuzin by potato growers is unlikely.

Influence of growth regulators on skin colour and scab diseases of red-skinned potatoes

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Streptomyces Scabies ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea

A uniform dark red skin colour is desirable in table potatoes; however, the colour of the popular red-skinned cultivar Norland is variable and tends to fade during storage. This study evaluated the potential to enhance skin colour of red potatoes by foliar application of the auxin-type herbicide 2,4-D or long-lasting analogs of the naturally occuring hormone abscisic acid (ABA). In field trials conducted from 2007 to 2009, the plant growth regulators (PGR) were applied to the foliage of Norland and AC Peregrine Red (a new dark red variety) potato plants when the crop was at the tuber set stage. Although the 2,4-D treatments altered the appearance of the foliage they had no consistent impact on yields or tuber shape, but did reduce the average tuber size. Objective and subjective assessments indicated that the 2,4-D treatments altered the skin colour of the tubers both immediately after harvest and after extended cold storage. The degree and nature of the colour change was somewhat dependent on the year, the rate of 2,4-D applied and the cultivar. The change in tuber appearance arising from the 2,4-D treatments was not always considered desirable by consumer panellists. The 2,4-D treatments also reduced tuber damage by common scab (Streptomyces scabies), but tended to increase grade out to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea). The ABA analogs had no consistent impact on yields, skin colour or disease reaction. Key words: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, abscisic acid, common scab, powdery scab, Streptomyces scabies, Spongospora subterranea

Evaluation of potato cultivars in the greenhouse and field for resistance to powdery scab

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFde Boer ◽  
Boer RF De
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Micropropagated Plants

The reaction of 10 commercial potato cultivars to infection by Spongospora subterranea was evaluated in the field and in the greenhouse. Micropropagated plants were used in the greenhouse and seed pieces were used in the field. The relative susceptibilities of the cultivars when measured in the greenhouse and in the field were comparable. The overall severity of scab on tubers was 8 times higher in the greenhouse than the field. The relative susceptibilities of 3 standard cultivars (Kennebec, Katahdin and Russet Burbank) were consistent over 3 greenhouse trials. When comparing planting material in the greenhouse, the incidence and severity of scab on the progeny of micropropagated plants did not, in general, differ significantly from that on the progeny of seed potatoes. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of scab on tubers of the highly susceptible cv. Kennebec grown in the greenhouse were not affected significantly by type of potting mix (well-drained, compared with poorly drained which inhibited plant growth). Screening potato cultivars for resistance to powdery scab on a small scale in the greenhouse, using micropropagated plants, is suggested as a preliminary to the evaluation of cultivars in the field.

scholarly journals Effect of Powdery Scab Root Galls on Yield of Potato

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1396-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
Thomas F. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Potato Production ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
North Central ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
South Central ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Umatilla Russet

Powdery scab of potato, caused by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea, has increased in incidence since 1981 to become a major concern for potato production in the Columbia Basin of south-central Washington and north-central Oregon. Disease symptoms consist of pustules on the tuber surface and wart-like galls on roots, stolons, and tubers. In the current study, the effect of powdery scab root galls on potato yield was quantified by comparing yields of cultivars susceptible and resistant to root galling grown on soil naturally infested and noninfested with the powdery scab pathogen. Potato tuber yields for the three yield components of yield per plant, number of tubers, and weight of tubers were not negatively affected by powdery scab galls on roots of Umatilla Russet and Shepody, as indicated by yield ratios ≥1.0 in 3 of 4 years, and also by regression analyses in all 3 years. Regression lines with a nonsignificant slope or slopes that significantly increased with gall index also indicated that root galls did not negatively affect yield. Mean tuber weight increased as gall index increased for Umatilla Russet in 2 of 3 years. Consequently, control tactics directed solely at reducing powdery scab galls on roots are not justified economically under conditions encountered in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon states. Effort has been made to develop resistant cultivars and search for soil applied chemicals to reduce root galls.

Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hims
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Unknown Number

Abstract A description is provided for Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Solanum tuberosum. DISEASE: Powdery scab of potato. The first signs of infection are seen as small brown spots associated with lenticels or wounds and less frequently with eyes. Lenticel and wound infections develop raised, white, neoplastic outgrowths which may expand to a diameter of 3-4 cm. These outgrowths eventually darken, shrink and dry to form the readily recognisable brown powdery scabs filled with the 'spore-balls' (cystosori). During appropriate weather conditions eye infections apparently stimulate the meristematic tissue, within the eye, to grow so that small secondary 'tubers' form as outgrowths and are covered with large areas of powdery scab. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne and seed-borne cystosori ('spore-balls'). Cystosori are persistent and remain viable for an unknown number of years.

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