scholarly journals First Report of Clover Yellow Edge and STRAWB2 Phytoplasmas in Strawberry in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jomantiene ◽  
J. L. Maas ◽  
E. L. Dally ◽  
R. E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Commercial strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) plants that were either chlorotic and severely stunted or exhibiting fruit phyllody were collected in Maryland. The plants were assessed for phytoplasma infection by nested polymerase chain reactions primed by phytoplasma universal primer pairs R16mF2/R1 and F2n/R2 (2) or P1/P7 (3) and F2n/R2 for amplification of phytoplasma 16S ribosomal (r) DNA (16S rRNA gene) sequences. Phytoplasma-characteristic 1.2-kbp DNA sequences were amplified from all diseased plants. No phytoplasma-characteristic DNAs were amplified from healthy plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of rDNA digested with AluI, KpnI, HhaI, HaeIII, HpaII, MseI, RsaI, and Sau3A1 endonucleases indicated that chlorotic and stunted plants were infected by a phytoplasma that belonged to subgroup 16SrIII-B (clover yellow edge [CYE] subgroup) and that the plant exhibiting fruit phyllody was infected by a phytoplasma that belonged to subgroup 16SrI-K (STRAWB2 subgroup). The STRAWB2 phytoplasma was first reported from strawberry plants grown in Florida and characterized as representative of a new subgroup of the aster yellows group, 16SrI (3); this is the first report of this phytoplasma occurring in strawberry outside of Florida. A STRAWB2-infected plant produced phylloid fruits in two consecutive years of observation in the greenhouse; the plant previously had been field-grown in a breeder's evaluation plots in Beltsville, MD. The CYE phytoplasma was first experimentally transmitted by leafhopper to commercial strawberry and F. virginiana Duchesne in Ontario Canada (1); this is the first report of natural CYE phytoplasma infection of strawberry in Maryland. CYE phytoplasma-infected plants, representing ≈5% of the total number of plants of one advanced sselection, were located in a breeder's evaluation plots in Beltsville. References: (1) L. N. Chiykowski. Can. J. Bot. 54:1171, 1976. (2) D. E. Gunderson and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) R. Jomantiene et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:269, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma in Strawberry

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jomantiene ◽  
J. L. Maas ◽  
E. L. Dally ◽  
R. E. Davis ◽  
J. D. Postman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Group 2

In 1996, diseased plants of Fragaria virginiana Duchesne were collected from a native population in Quebec, Canada, and sent to the National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, OR, where grafting onto disease-free plants of F. chiloensis (L.) Duchesne (4) was performed. Plants of both species were sent to Beltsville, MD, for identification of a phytoplasma possibly associated with the disease symptoms of dwarfing and multibranching crowns. A phytoplasma was found in both species and characterized as the strawberry “multicipita” (SM) phytoplasma, which is representative of subgroup 16SrVI-B, a new subgroup of the clover proliferation (CP) group (2). In 1999, we observed commercial strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) plants collected in California and Maryland that were stunted and chlorotic or exhibited these symptoms in addition to small, distorted leaves. Infected F. × ananassa plants, as well as diseased F. virginiana and grafted F. chiloensis plants previously infected by the SM phytoplasma, were assessed for phytoplasma infection by nested polymerase chain reactions primed by phytoplasma universal primer pairs R16mF2/R1 and F2n/R2 (1) or P1/P7 (3) and F2n/R2 for amplification of phytoplasma 16S rDNA (16S rRNA gene) sequences. Phytoplasma-characteristic 1.2-kbp DNA sequences were amplified from all diseased plants. No DNA sequences were amplified from healthy plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of rDNA digested with AluI, KpnI, HhaI, HaeIII, HinfI, HpaII, MseI, RsaI, and Sau3A1 endonucleases indicated that all plants were infected by a phytoplasma that belonged to subgroup 16SrVI-A (CP phytoplasma subgroup) and that diseased F. virginiana and grafted F. chiloensis plants were infected by both SM and CP. This is the first report of the CP phytoplasma, subgroup 16SrVI-A, infecting strawberry. This report also indicates that the occurrence of the CP phytoplasma in strawberry may be widespread in North America and that F. chiloensis, F. virginiana, and F. × ananassa plants are susceptible to infection by the CP phytoplasma. References: (1) D. E. Gunderson and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (2) R. Jomantiene et al. HortScience 33:1069, 1998. (3) R. Jomantiene et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:269, 1998. (4) J. D. Postman et al. Acta Hortic. 471:25, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of Clover Yellow Edge Phytoplasma in Corylus (Hazelnut)

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jomantiene ◽  
J. D. Postman ◽  
H. G. Montano ◽  
J. L. Maas ◽  
R. E. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Root Grafts ◽  
Corylus Avellana L ◽  
Tree Leaf

During investigations into the cause of a stunt syndrome affecting cultivated European hazelnut trees (Corylus avellana L.) in Oregon, the clover yellow edge (CYE) phytoplasma was detected for the first time in this crop. The cause of hazelnut stunt syndrome (HSS) is unknown, but the disease has been transmitted by grafting and apparently has moved within orchards through root grafts (1). Severely affected trees persist for many years, but their nut production is greatly reduced. Previous attempts to detect viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens have been unsuccessful. HSS has been observed only in Oregon and already had been present for more than 10 years when it was first reported in 1970 (1). In June, 1999, leaf samples were collected from two affected and two apparently healthy (symptomless) hazelnut trees in a field plot at Oregon State University, Corvallis, and from a healthy greenhouse-grown tree. Leaf samples were sent to the USDA Beltsville, MD, laboratory, where they were assessed for phytoplasma infection, using nested polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). PCRs were primed by phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and F2n/R2 (3) for amplification of phytoplasma 16S ribosomal (r) DNA (16S rRNA gene) sequences according to the procedures of Gunderson and Lee (2). Phytoplasma-characteristic 1.2-kbp DNA sequences were amplified from all field-tree samples. No DNA sequences were amplified from samples of the greenhouse-grown tree. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of rDNA digested with AluI, KpnI, HhaI, HaeIII, HpaII, MseI, RsaI, and Sau3A1 endonucleases indicated that all diseased hazelnut trees as well as symptomless field trees were infected by a phytoplasma classified in group 16SrIII (peach X-disease group), subgroup B (III-B, type strain CYE phytoplasma). No phytoplasmas were detected in samples from the greenhouse-grown tree. Nucleotide sequences were determined for 16Sr DNA fragments amplified from the hazelnut CYE phytoplasma in nested PCRs primed with F2n/R2. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under Accession no. AF189288. Sequence similarity between 16Sr DNAs of the hazelnut CYE strain (CYE-Or) and the Canadian clover yellow edge strain (CYE-C, GenBank Accession no. AF175304) phytoplasma was 99.9%. Decline and yellows disorders of hazelnut in Germany and Italy have been associated with infections by apple proliferation, pear decline, and European stone fruit yellows phytoplasmas (4). These phytoplasmas are classified in 16Sr group X, the apple proliferation group of phytoplasmas. This is the first report of the CYE phytoplasma infecting Corylus. References: (1) H. R. Cameron. Plant Dis. Rep. 54:69, 1970. (2) D. E. Gunderson and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) R. Jomantiene et al. HortScience 33:1069, 1998. (4) C. Marcone et al. Plant Pathol. 45:857,1996.

scholarly journals Experimental Phylogeny of Neutrally Evolving DNA Sequences Generated by a Bifurcate Series of Nested Polymerase Chain Reactions

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdine F. O. Sanson ◽  
Silvia Y. Kawashita ◽  
Adriana Brunstein ◽  
Marcelo R. S. Briones
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Detection of phytoplasmas in dieback, yellow crinkle, and mosaic diseases of papaya using polymerase chain reaction techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Liu ◽  
DT White ◽  
KB Walsh ◽  
PT Scott
Keyword(s):  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
23S Rrna Genes ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Oligonucleotide primers complementary to regions specific to plant-pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms (phytoplasmas) were used in polymerase chain reactions on tissue samples from dieback, yellow crinkle, and mosaic affected papaya plants. The primer pair P068/P069, which hybridise to internal regions of the 16s rRNA gene, amplified an approximately 560 bp product in dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic affected papaya. The primer pair P3/P7, which hybridise to the spacer region between the 16s and 23s rRNA genes, amplified an approximately 300 bp fragment in yellow crinkle and mosaic affected papaya, with no product from dieback affected plants. No PCR product was obtained with either set of primers from healthy plants. An identical Alu I restriction enzyme profile was obtained with all three 560 bp products. This study provides the first evidence for the association of phytoplasmas with papaya mosaic and Australian papaya dieback.

scholarly journals Yersinia massiliensis (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) in the host Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): first report of association with insects

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Ribeiro ◽  
V. R. Carvalho ◽  
A. L. Favoreto ◽  
B. R. De Marchi ◽  
C. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Endosymbiont bacteria can affect biological parameters and reduce the effectiveness of natural enemies in controlling the target insect. The objective of this work was to identify endosymbiont bacteria in Anaphes nitens (Girault, 1928) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), the main natural enemy used to manage Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Genomic DNA from six A. nitens populations was extracted and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed with the primers to detect endosymbiont bacteria in this insect. The PCR products were amplified, sequenced, and compared with sequences deposited in the GenBank for the bacteria identification. All A. nitens populations had the bacterium Yersinia massiliensis (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). This bacterium was originally described as free-living, and it is associated with and composes part of the A. nitens microbiota. This is the first report of Y. massiliensis in an insect host.

scholarly journals Phytoplasma occurrence in apple trees in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fialová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
P. Válová
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The presence of phytoplasmas in apple trees with proliferation symptoms, rubbery wood symptoms and no symp­toms was determined by using polymerase chain reaction assays with primers amplifying phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene. Phytoplasmas were detected in all trees with proliferation symptoms. Positive tests for phytoplasma in the group of trees with rubbery wood symptoms and of those without symptoms revealed a relatively high incidence of latent phytoplasma infection. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, phytoplasma of the same identity – apple proliferation phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrX-A) – was recorded in all positively tested trees.  

scholarly journals Investigation of Lethal Concurrent Outbreak of Chlamydiosis and Pigeon Circovirus in a Zoo

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Wei-Tao Chen ◽  
Chin-Ann Teng ◽  
Cheng-Hsin Shih ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Huang ◽  
Yi-Fan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Renal Epithelium ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Streptopelia Orientalis

During the spring, an outbreak of sudden death involving 58 birds occurred in a zoo. Histopathological examinations revealed variable numbers of intracytoplasmic basophilic microorganisms in the macrophages, hepatocytes, and renal epithelium of most birds, along with occasional botryoid intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies within histiocytes in the bursa of Fabricius. Based on the results of histopathological examinations, immunohistochemical staining, transmission electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reactions, genotype B Chlamydia psittaci infection concurrent with pigeon circovirus (PiCV) was diagnosed. A retrospective survey, including two years before the outbreak and the outbreak year, of C. psittaci and PiCV infections of dead birds in the aviaries, revealed that the outbreak was an independent episode. The findings of this study indicate that concurrent infection with C. psittaci and PiCV might lead to lethal outbreaks of chlamydiosis, particularly Streptopelia orientalis. In addition, persistently monitoring both pathogens and identifying potential PiCV carriers or transmitters might also help prevent lethal disease outbreaks.

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