scholarly journals Maize necrotic streak virus, a New Maize Virus with Similarity to Species of the Family Tombusviridae

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Louie ◽  
M. G. Redinbaugh ◽  
D. T. Gordon ◽  
J. J. Abt ◽  
R. J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Graminella Nigrifrons ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pale Green

A new virus was isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves showing mild mosaic symptoms and coinfected with Maize dwarf mosaic virus. The virus was readily transmitted by vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) but not leaf-rub inoculation. Virus symptoms on susceptible maize included pale green, yellow, or cream-colored spots and streaks measuring 1 to 2 mm on emerging leaves 5 to 7 days post-VPI. As leaves developed, the spots and streaks became spindle-shaped, then coalesced into long, chlorotic bands. These bands became translucent and necrotic around the edges. There was a distinctive chlorosis on the stalks that became necrotic. Based on these distinctive symptoms, the new virus was named Maize necrotic streak virus (MNeSV). The virus was not transmitted by Aphis maidis-radicus, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Dalbulus maidis, Graminella nigrifrons, Perigrinus maidis, or Diabrotica virgifera virgifera under persistent or nonpersistent conditions. Both susceptible and resistant maize genotypes were identified following VPI with MNeSV. The isolated virus had isometric (32 nm) virions and a single 29.5-kDa coat protein. MNeSV was serologically distinct from morphologically similar maize viruses. The 4.3-kb single-stranded RNA genome had 25 to 53% sequence identity with species in the family Tombusviridae.

scholarly journals Analysis of new aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV) isolates suggests evolution of two ALPV species

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 2809-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijun Liu ◽  
Diveena Vijayendran ◽  
Jimena Carrillo-Tripp ◽  
W. Allen Miller ◽  
Bryony C. Bonning
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV; family Dicistroviridae) was first isolated from the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi. ALPV-like virus sequences have been reported from many insects and insect predators. We identified a new isolate of ALPV (ALPV-AP) from the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and a new isolate (ALPV-DvV) from western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. ALPV-AP has an ssRNA genome of 9940 nt. Based on phylogenetic analysis, ALPV-AP was closely related to ALPV-AM, an ALPV isolate from honeybees, Apis mellifera, in Spain and Brookings, SD, USA. The distinct evolutionary branches suggested the existence of two lineages of the ALPV virus. One consisted of ALPV-AP and ALPV-AM, whilst all other isolates of ALPV grouped into the other lineage. The similarity of ALPV-AP and ALPV-AM was up to 88 % at the RNA level, compared with 78–79 % between ALPV-AP and other ALPV isolates. The sequence identity of proteins between ALPV-AP and ALPV-AM was 98–99 % for both ORF1 and ORF2, whilst only 85–87 % for ORF1 and 91–92 % for ORF2 between ALPV-AP and other ALPV isolates. Sequencing of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) products and cDNA clones of the virus genome revealed sequence variation in the 5′ UTRs and in ORF1, indicating that ALPV may be under strong selection pressure, which could have important biological implications for ALPV host range and infectivity. Our results indicated that ALPV-like viruses infect insects in the order Coleoptera, in addition to the orders Hemiptera and Hymenoptera, and we propose that ALPV isolates be classified as two separate viral species.

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Hosts: maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK (England and Wales), Ukraine, Canada (Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)), Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua).

scholarly journals Detection of alternative splicing in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in association with Bt resistance using RNA-seq and PacBio Iso-Seq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixiao Zhao ◽  
Christine G. Elsik ◽  
Bruce E. Hibbard ◽  
Kent S. Shelby
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Alternatively Spliced

AbstractBackgroundAlternative splicing is one of the major mechanisms that increases transcriptome diversity in eukaryotes, including insect species that have gained resistance to pesticides and Bt toxins. In western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte), neither alternative splicing nor its role in resistance to Bt toxins has been studied.ResultsTo investigate the mechanisms of Bt resistance we carried out single-molecule real-time (SMRT) transcript sequencing and Iso-seq analysis on resistant, eCry3.1Ab-selected and susceptible, unselected, western corn rootworm neonate midguts which fed on seedling maize with and without eCry3.1Ab for 12 and 24 hours. We present transcriptome-wide alternative splicing patterns of western corn rootworm midgut in response to feeding on eCry3.1Ab-expressing corn using a comprehensive approach that combines both RNA-seq and SMRT transcript sequencing techniques. We found that 67.73% of multi-exon genes are alternatively spliced, which is consistent with the high transposable element content of the genome. One of the alternative splicing events we identified was a novel peritrophic matrix protein with two alternative splicing isoforms. Analysis of differential exon usage between resistant and susceptible colonies showed that in eCry3.1Ab-resistant western corn rootworm, expression of one isoform was significantly higher than in the susceptible colony, while no significant differences between colonies were observed with the other isoform.ConclusionOur results provide the first survey of alternative splicing in western corn rootworm and suggest that the observed alternatively spliced isoforms of peritrophic matrix protein may be associated with eCry3.1Ab resistance in western corn rootworm.

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