Sunflower Wilt Diseases: Charcoal Rot, Phialophora Yellows, and Verticillium Wilt

This article describes three wilt diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), charcoal rot, Phialophora yellows, and Verticillium wilt, caused by soilborne fungal pathogens that initiate infections through the roots. We provide information on methods and techniques for identifying and distinguishing these diseases with signs, symptoms, and biological characteristics described for each of the causal pathogens. Accurate diagnosis of diseases and knowledge of their causal agents on sunflower are critical steps for developing and recommending disease management strategies.

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First Report of Pathogenicity of Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium acuminatum on Sunflowers in the United States

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2010-0915-02-br ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Mathew ◽

B. Kirkeide ◽

T. Gulya ◽

S. Markell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

The United States ◽

Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Koch’S Postulates ◽

First Report ◽

Fusarium Acuminatum ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Koch's Postulates

Widespread infection of charcoal rot was observed in a commercial sunflower field in Minnesota in September 2009. Based on morphology, isolates were identified as F. sporotrichioides and F. acuminatum. Koch's postulates demonstrated pathogencity of both species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. sporotrichoides and F. acuminatum causing disease on Helianthus annuus L. in the United States. Accepted for publication 23 August 2010. Published 15 September 2010.

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Evaluation of S1 and S2 Progenies of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) For Seed Yield, its Components and Resistance to Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajps.2003.834.840 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

pp. 834-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Talat Mahmood ◽

Syed Sadaqat Mehdi .

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Helianthus Annuus L

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Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8535

Author(s):

Muhammad Ijaz ◽

Abdul Sattar ◽

Ahmad Sher ◽

Sami Ul-Allah ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan Mansha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Rot Disease

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a member of the Asteraceae, is one of the major oilseed crops around the world. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is the most damaging disease of sunflowers globally. Fungicides are mostly used to control charcoal rot; however, these cause environmental pollution and pose adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, ecofriendly management options are inevitable for the management of charcoal rot disease. Plant mineral nutrition, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biochar have recently been manipulated for the management of different plant diseases. However, the interactive effects of all these treatments have rarely been tested on charcoal rot suppression in sunflowers. This study assessed the influence of sulfur (0 and 2.25 mg/kg) combined with farmyard manure biochar (2%), NPK (20:20:20 mg/kg) and three different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on the charcoal rot suppression growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflower. The PGPR strains included in the study were Bacillus sp. strain MR-1/2 (regarded as PGPR1), Achromobacter sp. strain FB-14 (regarded as PGPR2) and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 (regarded as PGPR3). The charcoal rot infestation was induced by inoculating the soil with M. phaseolina, and the impacts of the different treatments were studied on the disease infestation, growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflowers under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S application. The results revealed that farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 in combination with 2.25-mg/kg S proved effective for the management of charcoal rot disease through regulating the antioxidant enzymes’ activities and strengthening the immune system of sunflower plants. The studied health markers (total chlorophyll content and carotenoids) and stress markers (total protein content, catalase and peroxidase) were significantly altered by the applied treatments under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S applications. The findings of the experiment indicated that both farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10, combined with 2.25-mg/kg S, could be used to enhance the crop yield and manage charcoal rot disease in sunflowers. Farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 are an easy-to-apply, cost-effective, ecofriendly and sustainable option for the management of charcoal rot disease in sunflowers.

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Characterization and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi Associated with Declining Urban Stands of Coast Redwood in California

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-18-0339-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (10) ◽

pp. 1950-1957 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Srđan G. Aćimović ◽

Suzanne Rooney-Latham ◽

Sebastian Albu ◽

Donald M. Grosman ◽

Joseph J. Doccola

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽

Coast Redwood ◽

Natural Range ◽

Landscape Trees

Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is among the most widely planted landscape trees in California (CA) but is in decline outside its natural range due to factors including prolonged drought and plant pathogens. We investigated associations of Botryosphaeriaceae fungi with declining coast redwood trees throughout CA. More than 100 samples were collected from 11 coastal and inland locations in CA. Fifty-nine Botryosphaeria-like fungal strains were isolated and 18 were selected for further study. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and EF-1α sequence data confirmed the presence of Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum, N. mediterraneum, and N. parvum. Pathogenicity testing showed that although the Neofusicoccum species vary in virulence, all are more virulent that B. dothidea. N. australe caused the largest lesions, followed by N. luteum, N. parvum, and N. mediterraneum. Of the species recovered, only B. dothidea has been previously confirmed as a pathogen of coast redwood in CA. These results confirm that multiple Botryosphaeriaceae species are associated with branch decline and dieback on coast redwood in CA, which agrees with similar studies on woody agricultural crops. Accurate diagnosis of fungal pathogens of coast redwood is important for the development of disease management strategies and may help improve horticultural practices in maintenance of urban stands.

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Bacterial antagonists of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fungal pathogens

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf00011907 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 131-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

P. Hebbar ◽

O. Berge ◽

T. Heulin ◽

S. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Bacterial Antagonists

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Host status of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) against Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in arid region of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) ◽

10.12692/ijb/9.6.303-310 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 303-310

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Arid Region ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Host Status

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Feeding the Microbes: A Strategy to Control Verticillium Wilt

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11101946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1946

Author(s):

Paraskevi Ziazia ◽

Eirini G. Poulaki ◽

Danai Gkizi ◽

Luis Lozano ◽

Mario Serrano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Verticillium Wilt ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Growth Media ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Root Bioassay

Verticillium dahliae is one of the most devastating soilborne pathogens for horticulture production. The pathogen has a broad host range and currently there is no effective chemical disease management, therefore, novel sustainable integrated disease management strategies should be considered. In this respect, we questioned whether the soil application of common microbiological growth media can influence the plant—microbe interactions and, subsequently, offer protection against V. dahliae. Indeed, the addition of Nutrient Broth (NB) and Potato Dextrose (PD) in non-sterilized soil reduced Verticillium wilt symptoms in eggplants. The addition of NB in sterilized soil did not reduce the disease symptoms compared to controls, however the addition of PD enhanced plant protection against V. dahliae. Following the results of a split root bioassay in eggplants, the possibility that NB and PD triggered the plant defense mechanisms against V. dahliae was excluded, since NB and PD did not reduce wilt symptom. Therefore, PD may be used as an easy food source for V. dahliae, detouring the pathogen from the root system of plants, while NB may affect the soil microbiome by enhancing antagonism in rhizosphere, or antagonistic interaction between V. dahliae and rhizospheric microbiome. Subsequently, several bacterial strains were isolated from the NB-treated rhizosphere and examined for their biocontrol activity against V. dahliae. Among the examined strains, a Pseudomonas putida strain, Z13, significantly reduced Veticillium severity and incidence under greenhouse conditions.

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How the Global Tea Industry Copes up with Fungal Diseases-Challenges and Opportunities

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-20-1945-fe ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abhay K Pandey ◽

Ganga Devi Sinniah ◽

Babu K Azariah ◽

Amarjyoti Tanti

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Disease Management ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Foliar Diseases ◽

Management Interventions ◽

Tea Plants

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) is a plantation crop, grown commercially in Asia, Africa and South America. Among biotic threats to tea production, diseases caused by fungal pathogens are most significant. Worldwide, tea plants are challenged by several root, stem, and foliar diseases. Foliar diseases, blister blight, grey blight, and brown blight are particularly important as they adversely affect the bud and the two youngest leaves, causing loss of harvestable shoots. Over the past several decades, climate change and field management practices have influenced the risk of crop damage by several fungal pathogens, as well as the development and spread of diseases. Management interventions, such as the adoption of good cultural/agronomic practices, use of fungicides and microbial biocontrol agents, plant defense elicitors, and deployment of resistant cultivars, have mitigated damage to tea plants caused by fungal diseases. A clearer understanding of knowledge gaps and the benefits of plant disease management strategies available is needed. The present article reviews the prevailing knowledge of major fungal pathogens of the tea crop, their genetic variability, the damage they cause and its economic impact, the need for new disease management strategies as climate change intensifies. We will also emphasize important knowledge gaps that are priority targets for future research.

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