Host status of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) against Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in arid region of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Widespread infection of charcoal rot was observed in a commercial sunflower field in Minnesota in September 2009. Based on morphology, isolates were identified as F. sporotrichioides and F. acuminatum. Koch's postulates demonstrated pathogencity of both species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. sporotrichoides and F. acuminatum causing disease on Helianthus annuus L. in the United States. Accepted for publication 23 August 2010. Published 15 September 2010.

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Sunflower Wilt Diseases: Charcoal Rot, Phialophora Yellows, and Verticillium Wilt

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-10-20-0081-dg ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Malcolm Ryley ◽

Thomas Gulya ◽

Febina Mathew ◽

Susan Thompson ◽

Charles Block ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Verticillium Wilt ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Methods And Techniques ◽

Diagnosis Of Diseases

This article describes three wilt diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), charcoal rot, Phialophora yellows, and Verticillium wilt, caused by soilborne fungal pathogens that initiate infections through the roots. We provide information on methods and techniques for identifying and distinguishing these diseases with signs, symptoms, and biological characteristics described for each of the causal pathogens. Accurate diagnosis of diseases and knowledge of their causal agents on sunflower are critical steps for developing and recommending disease management strategies.

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Relation Entre la Teneur en Sucres Réducteurs des Tissus du Tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.) et leur Invasion par Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0434.1987.tb00450.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 212-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. Davet ◽

H. Serieys

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Helianthus Annuus L

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Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8535

Author(s):

Muhammad Ijaz ◽

Abdul Sattar ◽

Ahmad Sher ◽

Sami Ul-Allah ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan Mansha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Rot Disease

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a member of the Asteraceae, is one of the major oilseed crops around the world. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is the most damaging disease of sunflowers globally. Fungicides are mostly used to control charcoal rot; however, these cause environmental pollution and pose adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, ecofriendly management options are inevitable for the management of charcoal rot disease. Plant mineral nutrition, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biochar have recently been manipulated for the management of different plant diseases. However, the interactive effects of all these treatments have rarely been tested on charcoal rot suppression in sunflowers. This study assessed the influence of sulfur (0 and 2.25 mg/kg) combined with farmyard manure biochar (2%), NPK (20:20:20 mg/kg) and three different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on the charcoal rot suppression growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflower. The PGPR strains included in the study were Bacillus sp. strain MR-1/2 (regarded as PGPR1), Achromobacter sp. strain FB-14 (regarded as PGPR2) and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 (regarded as PGPR3). The charcoal rot infestation was induced by inoculating the soil with M. phaseolina, and the impacts of the different treatments were studied on the disease infestation, growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflowers under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S application. The results revealed that farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 in combination with 2.25-mg/kg S proved effective for the management of charcoal rot disease through regulating the antioxidant enzymes’ activities and strengthening the immune system of sunflower plants. The studied health markers (total chlorophyll content and carotenoids) and stress markers (total protein content, catalase and peroxidase) were significantly altered by the applied treatments under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S applications. The findings of the experiment indicated that both farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10, combined with 2.25-mg/kg S, could be used to enhance the crop yield and manage charcoal rot disease in sunflowers. Farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 are an easy-to-apply, cost-effective, ecofriendly and sustainable option for the management of charcoal rot disease in sunflowers.

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Genetic Diversity of Isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina Associated with Cowpea from Brazil Semi-Arid Region

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n11p112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabiola Gomes-Silva ◽

Clebia M. A. Almeida ◽

Alexandre G. Silva ◽

Mariele P. C. Leão ◽

Karla P. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Arid Region ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Group Method ◽

Arithmetic Means ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Cowpea crops have the highest social and economic relevance to Brazil, being the food base of families mainly in the semi-arid areas of the country. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an economically important disease of cowpea that can cause significant reductions in bean yield. This study aimed to access the genetic diversity of M. phaseolina isolates obtained from cowpea grown in the Pernambuco semi-arid region, by molecular analysis. Fifty-one isolates, collected from municipality of Belém do São Francisco from cowpea plants and displaying typical symptoms and signs of charcoal rot, were studied using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates clearly differentiate into two groups. The group 1 comprises the majority of isolates and the group 2 contains two isolates, isol46 and isol47. The highest similarity index (0.9) was observed between the isolates isol22 and isol35 and the lowest similarity index (0.2) was observed between isol37 and isol46 isolates. Our results revealed that the ISSR-PCR fingerprinting patterns were useful for differentiating M. phaseolina isolates from V. unguiculata plants sampled. Therefore, genetic characterization of this fungus is of importance for the effective disease management.

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