Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Pearl Millet for Grain Production

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. David Buntin ◽  
Wayne A. Hanna ◽  
Jeffrey P. Wilson ◽  
Xinzhi Ni
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Sorghum Webworm

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an alternative drought-tolerant grain crop for dryland summer production. Few insecticides are registered for use and insect management has not been extensively studied in pearl millet for grain production. Eleven trails were conducted during 2002-2004 in central and southern Georgia to understand the relative importance of insect pests and to evaluate the efficacy of currently registered insecticides against key pests. The main defoliator species were the fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] and striped grassworm (Mocis latipes Guenée). Main insects feeding on grain heads were the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie), sorghum webworm, (Nola sorghiella Riley), and stink bugs — brown stink bug (Euschistus spp.) and southern green stink bug [Nezara viridula (L.)]. All insects were effectively controlled by cypermethrin at 0.025 lb a.i./acre. The 0.015-lb a.i. rate was effective against sorghum webworm, striped grassworm, and stink bugs, but efficacy against the corn earworm was variable. Spinosad was effective against corn earworm, striped grassworm, and sorghum webworm but not against stink bugs. Azadirachtin was not effective against any insect tested. Grain yield was not significantly affected by treatments in any trial indicating that pearl millet is tolerant of insect injury. Further work will be needed to define economic thresholds for key insect pests of pearl millet for grain production. Accepted for publication 24 August 2006. Published 19 February 2007.

Seasonal Abundance of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and Other Polyphagous Species in a Multi-Crop Environment in South Arkansas

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Smith ◽  
Randall G. Luttrell ◽  
Jeremy K. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug

A 3-yr study was conducted to determine seasonal abundance of major pentatomid, noctuid, and mirid pests in a multicrop environment in south Arkansas. Replicated field plots (~0.1 ha) containing cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), nonBt cotton, Bt corn, Zea mays (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ab toxin of B. thuringiensis, nonBt corn, maturity group (MG) III, IV, V, and VI soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, were planted each year. Crop preferences of 3 stink bug species [southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say)] were recorded and observations also were made on the relative abundance of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beavois). Significantly higher densities of stink bugs were present in MG IV soybean than in all other crops in July and August during all 3 yrs of study. Densities of heliothines were significantly greater in grain sorghum and corn than in other crops during July. Tarnished plant bugs were most commonly observed in cotton. Preferences of these polyphagous pests for different crops at specific stages of phenological development appear to be predictable aspects of insect behavior that may be exploited in trap crops or other landscape management systems.

Insect Pests and Yield Potential of Vegetable Soybean (Edamame) Produced in Georgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
E. G. Fonsah ◽  
P. M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Seed Yields

A series of replicated field experiments was conducted with vegetable soybean (edamame), Glycine max (L.) Merrill, to assess the impacts of cultivars, planting dates, and insecticidal controls on insect pest abundance, crop damage and yield potential. The velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, was the most common lepidopteran defoliator in this study, causing heavy defoliation in some years when left untreated. Other lepidopterans observed included the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and the green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.). Stink bugs, primarily the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), also caused seed damage in some cultivars when left untreated. Stink bug damage exceeded expectations on edamame seeds when exposed to moderate stink bug densities (≤3 bugs per 25 sweeps). Other arthropods that were commonly observed included threecornered alfalfa hoppers, Spissistilus festinus (Say), grasshoppers, Melanoplus spp., and the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Arthropod infestations on edamame were similar to reported pest problems on conventional soybeans being produced for oil and meal. Midseason applications of the insecticides diflubenzuron plus l-cyhalothrin reduced insect pest populations, percentage of arthropod-induced defoliation and percentage of seeds damaged by stink bugs, but had little effect on edamame yields. Most defoliation and seed damage occurred during R5 development when seeds were approaching full size, thus only minimal yield reductions were noted. However, seed quality of the untreated vegetable soybeans would be unacceptable for the consumer. Total fresh green yields ranged from 2343–11,895 kg ha−1, depending on year, cultivar and planting date, whereas fresh green seed yields ranged from 1208–6,119 kg ha−1. Early-maturing edamame cultivars planted in April had fewer insect pests and less damage than the cultivars planted later. Avoidance of insect pests is an important production consideration for insect management, especially critical in an organic production system. The fresh green seed yields produced during this study demonstrate that this emerging alternative crop has the potential for economic success in the southern region, assuming that the arthropod pests are effectively managed to maintain acceptable edamame quality and yield.

scholarly journals Mode of Action and Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in the Control of Caterpillars and Stink Bugs in Soybean Culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Schünemann ◽  
Neiva Knaak ◽  
Lidia Mariana Fiuza
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Major Pest

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces delta-endotoxins that possess toxic properties and can be used as biopesticides, as well as a source of genes for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to insects. In Brazil, the introduction of Bt soybean with insecticidal properties to the velvetbean caterpillar, the main insect pest of soybean, has been seen a promising tool in the management of these agroecosystems. However, the increase in stink bug populations in this culture, in various regions of the country, which are not susceptible to the existing genetically modified plants, requires application of chemicals that damage the environment. Little is known about the actual toxicity of Bt to Hemiptera, since these insects present sucking mouthparts, which hamper toxicity assays with artificial diets containing toxins of this bacterium. In recent studies of cytotoxicity with the gut of different hemipterans, susceptibility in the mechanism of action of delta-endotoxins has been demonstrated, which can generate promising subsidies for the control of these insect pests in soybean. This paper aims to review the studies related to the selection, application and mode of action of Bt in the biological control of the major pest of soybean, Anticarsia gemmatalis, and an analysis of advances in research on the use of Bt for control hemipterans.

scholarly journals A transcriptomic and proteomic atlas of expression in the Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) midgut suggests the compartmentalization of xenobiotic metabolism and nutrient digestion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Denecke ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Benjamin Buer ◽  
Aris Ilias ◽  
Vassilis Douris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Stink bugs are an emerging threat to crop security in many parts of the globe, but there are few genetic resources available to study their physiology at a molecular level. This is especially true for tissues such as the midgut, which forms the barrier between ingested material and the inside of the body. Results Here, we focus on the midgut of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula and use both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to create an atlas of expression along the four compartments of the anterior-posterior axis. Estimates of the transcriptome completeness were high, which led us to compare our predicted gene set to other related stink bugs and Hemiptera, finding a high number of species-specific genes in N. viridula. To understand midgut function, gene ontology and gene family enrichment analyses were performed for the most highly expressed and specific genes in each midgut compartment. These data suggested a role for the anterior midgut (regions M1-M3) in digestion and xenobiotic metabolism, while the most posterior compartment (M4) was enriched in transmembrane proteins. A more detailed characterization of these findings was undertaken by identifying individual members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and nutrient transporters thought to absorb amino acids or sugars. Conclusions These findings represent an initial step to understand the compartmentalization and physiology of the N. viridula midgut at a genetic level. Future studies will be able to build on this work and explore the molecular physiology of the stink bug midgut.

Seasonal incidence of insect pests on soybean in relation to weather parameters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
CNJS Arangba Mangang ◽  
K. Nandini Devi ◽  
Kh. Lenin Singh ◽  
A. Dorendro Singh
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

An experiment was carried out at ICAR Entomology Farm at Umaim, Meghalaya in kharif season during 2011with the aim to study seasonal incidence of insect pests on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill).Six insects species, viz., stem fly (Ophiomyiaphaseoli Tryon), soybean leaf folder (NacoleiavulgalisGuen.), white spotted flea beetle (MonoleptasignataOliv.), jassids (EmpoascakerriPurthi), aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura) and southern green stink bug (Nezaraviridula Linn.) were recorded. Among them stem fly and soybean leaf folder were found to be major pests.The population level of these insect pests was fully observed during 2nd week after sowing with a peak during July and August. Correlation studies indicated that only stem fly and soybean leaf folder were significantly correlated with abiotic factors viz., the minimum temperature and rainfall that favoured the development of stem fly whereas sunshine hours for the leaf folder.

Evaluating Behavioral Responses of Selected Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Spinosad

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2732-2738
Author(s):  
Kukuh Hernowo ◽  
Kathy Kamminga ◽  
Jeffrey A Davis
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Redbanded Stink Bug ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Oebalus Pugnax ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Rice Stink Bug

Abstract Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) are two of the most important seed sucking pests affecting Louisiana soybean production and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) is an important late season pest in Louisiana rice. Exploration of chemicals that exhibit attraction or repellent activities toward major stink bug species would be beneficial in developing push–pull strategies. Spinosad is a commercially available natural insecticide that may have arrestant, attractant, or phagostimulant properties against stink bugs. To test this, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the tactile, olfactory, and feeding responses of these stink bugs toward two commercial spinosad products (Entrust and Tracer) and technical grade spinosad. In tactile assays, female and male redbanded stink bug were arrested by Entrust, Tracer, and technical grade spinosad, whereas only rice stink bug and southern green stink bug males were arrested by Entrust. Y-tube assays revealed no attraction to any of the products by either male or female rice stink bug, redbanded stink bug, or southern green stink bug. In paired (treated or untreated soybean seed) feeding preference experiments, southern green stink bug showed no preference for any treatment, whereas redbanded stink bug fed more on Entrust- and Tracer-treated seed. From these results, spinosad appears to have an arrestant and phagostimulant effect on redbanded stink bug in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Implications of farmer perceived production constraints and varietal preferences to pearl millet breeding in Senegal.

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
G. Kanfany ◽  
O. Diack ◽  
N.A. Kane ◽  
P. I. Gangashetty ◽  
O. Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Varietal Preference

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) plays a critical role in smallholder food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The production of pearl millet has, however, stagnated or even declined due to several factors. The objective of this study was to assess farmer perceptions on production constraints and varietal preferences in Senegal. A survey was conducted involving 150 randomly selected farmers from 15 villages, in five representative rural communities of Senegal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used, supplemented by focus group discussions. Results revealed that parasitic Striga weed was the most constraining factor to pearl millet production across the rural communes. This was followed by low soil fertility and insect pests in that order. Other constraints included lack of machinery for sowing, plant diseases, drought, seed-eating birds, limited access to land for pearl millet cultivation and limited seed availability. Among the traits for varietal preference, farmers unanimously considered grain yield as the most important trait. Other important traits mentioned were adaptation to drought, adaptation to low soil fertility and earliness. These production constraints and varietal preference should be integrated in the profile of the national pearl millet breeding programmes in order to improve the productivity and adoption of bred-cultivars.

scholarly journals Insect Management for Sweet Corn

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg S. Nuessly ◽  
Susan E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Sap Beetles ◽  
Root Feeding

Foliar, ear and root feeding insects can routinely cause economic losses to sweet corn if left untreated. The most important pests of sweet corn in Florida are the fall armyworm, corn earworm, lesser cornstalk borer, cutworms, corn silk fly, cucumber beetles, aphids, and wireworms. Less common pests of sweet corn include grasshoppers, corn blotch leafminer, twospotted spider mites, sap beetles, stink bugs, maize weevils and billbugs, white grubs, and white fringed beetles.  This document is ENY-472 (which replaces ENY-449), one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2001. Revised September 2005.  ENY-472/IG158: Insect Management for Sweet Corn (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF STINK BUG MUSTHA SPINULOSA (LEFEBVRE, 1831) (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) ON SOME TREES IN ERBIL CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Sarkaut Hussein Muhammed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Maximum Abundance ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Herbal Plant

Phytophagous stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) are economically important insect pests of fruit, vegetable, nut and field crops. This study was carried out during the season of 2013 in orchards within Erbil city, to follow the stink bug Mustha spinulosa (Lefebvre, 1831) seasonal fluctuation on some fruit trees: olive, plum, apricot, pear, apple and almond. The stink bug reaches its maximum abundance throughout the second week of August (38.2/tree) coinciding with mean temperature and relative humidity of 33.40°C and 28.14% respectively, and the highest total mean of the number of the insect was recorded on the olive trees (181.8/tree). The study reveals that the stink bug attacked 22 trees (fruit and forest) while it has not attack any herbal plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document