scholarly journals The 8D05 Parasitism Gene of Meloidogyne incognita Is Required for Successful Infection of Host Roots

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingye Xue ◽  
Noureddine Hamamouch ◽  
Chunying Li ◽  
Guozhong Huang ◽  
Richard S. Hussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Parasitism Genes ◽  
Parasitism Gene

Parasitism genes encode effector proteins that are secreted through the stylet of root-knot nematodes to dramatically modify selected plant cells into giant-cells for feeding. The Mi8D05 parasitism gene previously identified was confirmed to encode a novel protein of 382 amino acids that had only one database homolog identified on contig 2374 within the Meloidogyne hapla genome. Mi8D05 expression peaked in M. incognita parasitic second-stage juveniles within host roots and its encoded protein was limited to the subventral esophageal gland cells that produce proteins secreted from the stylet. Constitutive expression of Mi8D05 in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants induced accelerated shoot growth and early flowering but had no visible effects on root growth. Independent lines of transgenic Arabidopsis that expressed a double-stranded RNA complementary to Mi8D05 in host-derived RNA interference (RNAi) tests had up to 90% reduction in infection by M. incognita compared with wild-type control plants, suggesting that Mi8D05 plays a critical role in parasitism by the root-knot nematode. Yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed the specific interaction of the Mi8D05 protein with plant aquaporin tonoplast intrinsic protein 2 (TIP2) and provided evidence that the Mi8D05 effector may help regulate solute and water transport within giant-cells to promote the parasitic interaction.

scholarly journals A Novel Effector Protein, MJ-NULG1a, Targeted to Giant Cell Nuclei Plays a Role in Meloidogyne javanica Parasitism

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borong Lin ◽  
Kan Zhuo ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Ruqiang Cui ◽  
Lian-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Nuclear Localization Signals ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Secretory effector proteins expressed within the esophageal glands of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are thought to play key roles in nematode invasion of host roots and in formation of feeding sites necessary for nematodes to complete their life cycle. In this study, a novel effector protein gene designated as Mj-nulg1a, which is expressed specifically within the dorsal gland of Meloidogyne javanica, was isolated through suppression subtractive hybridization. Southern blotting and BLAST search analyses showed that Mj-nulg1a is unique for Meloidogyne spp. A real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay showed that expression of Mj-nulg1a was upregulated in parasitic second-stage juveniles and declined in later parasitic stages. MJ-NULG1a contains two putative nuclear localization signals and, consistently, in planta immunolocalization analysis showed that MJ-NULG1a was localized in the nuclei of giant cells during nematode parasitism. In planta RNA interference targeting Mj-nulg1a suppressed the expression of Mj-nulg1a in nematodes and attenuated parasitism ability of M. javanica. In contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis expressing Mj-nulg1a became more susceptible to M. javanica infection than wild-type control plants. These results depict a novel nematode effector that is targeted to giant cell nuclei and plays a critical role in M. javanica parasitism.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis F-box/Kelch-Repeat Protein At2g44130 Is Upregulated in Giant Cells and Promotes Nematode Susceptibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane H. C. Curtis ◽  
Pankaj ◽  
Stephen J. Powers ◽  
Johnathan Napier ◽  
Michaela C. Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Repeat Protein ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
F Box Protein

We report that the F-box/Kelch-repeat protein At2g44130 is specifically induced by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita during the initial stages of the initiation and maintenance of the feeding site. In addition, we show that the expression of this gene promotes susceptibility of infection because knocking down the F-box gene (At2g44130) drastically reduces nematode attraction to and infection of roots. In contrast, F-box overexpressing (OE) lines had a hypersusceptible phenotype, with an increase of 34% in nematode attraction and 67% in nematode infection when grown in soil. This hypersusceptibility might be the result of an increased attraction of the second-stage juveniles toward root exudates of the F-box OE, which would suggest that the blend of compounds in the root exudates of the OE line was somewhat different from the ones present in the root exudates of the wild type and the F-box knockout and tilling lines. Although the function of the F-box/Kelch-repeat protein (At2g44130) is not known, we postulate that its activation by nematode effectors released during the infection process leads to the formation of SCF(At2g44130) (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein) complexes, which are involved in facilitating successful infection by the nematode through targeting specific proteins for degradation.

scholarly journals A Root-Knot Nematode Secretory Peptide Functions as a Ligand for a Plant Transcription Factor

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhong Huang ◽  
Ruihua Dong ◽  
Rex Allen ◽  
Eric L. Davis ◽  
Thomas J. Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Parasitism Genes

Parasitism genes expressed in the esophageal gland cells of root-knot nematodes encode proteins that are secreted into host root cells to transform the recipient cells into enlarged multinucleate feeding cells called giant-cells. Expression of a root-knot nematode parasitism gene which encodes a novel 13-amino-acid secretory peptide in plant tissues stimulated root growth. Two SCARECROW-like transcription factors of the GRAS protein family were identified as the putative targets for this bioactive nematode peptide in yeast two-hybrid analyses and confirmed by in vitro and in vivo coimmunoprecipitations. This discovery is the first demonstration of a direct interaction of a nematode-secreted parasitism peptide with a plant-regulatory protein, which may represent an early signaling event in the root-knot nematode-host interaction.

Development of Resistance to Root‐Knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Hunt ◽  
R. N. Peaden ◽  
L. R. Faulkner ◽  
G. D. Griffin ◽  
H. J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Roman Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

Using plant essences as alternative mean for northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) management

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Douda ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Eva Nováková ◽  
Roman Pavela
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Essences

Differential regulation of granulopoiesis by the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional inhibitors Id1 and Id2

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 4272-4281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Buitenhuis ◽  
Hanneke W. M. van Deutekom ◽  
Liesbeth P. Verhagen ◽  
Anders Castor ◽  
Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Retroviral Transduction ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Inhibitor Of Dna Binding

Abstract Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins function as inhibitors of members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating lymphopoiesis. However, the role of these proteins in regulation of myelopoiesis is currently unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id2 in the regulation of granulopoiesis. Id1 expression was initially up-regulated during early granulopoiesis, which was then followed by a decrease in expression during final maturation. In contrast, Id2 expression was up-regulated in terminally differentiated granulocytes. In order to determine whether Id expression plays a critical role in regulating granulopoiesis, Id1 and Id2 were ectopically expressed in CD34+ cells by retroviral transduction. Our experiments demonstrate that constitutive expression of Id1 inhibits eosinophil development, whereas in contrast neutrophil differentiation was modestly enhanced. Constitutive Id2 expression accelerates final maturation of both eosinophils and neutrophils, whereas inhibition of Id2 expression blocks differentiation of both lineages. Transplantation of β2-microglobulin-/- nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice with CD34+ cells ectopically expressing Id1 resulted in enhanced neutrophil development, whereas ectopic expression of Id2 induced both eosinophil and neutrophil development. These data demonstrate that both Id1 and Id2 play a critical, although differential role in granulopoiesis.

scholarly journals RanBP2 and SENP3 Function in a Mitotic SUMO2/3 Conjugation-Deconjugation Cycle on Borealin

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf R. Klein ◽  
Markus Haindl ◽  
Erich A. Nigg ◽  
Stefan Muller
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Chromosome Congression ◽  
Chromosomal Passenger

The ubiquitin-like SUMO system controls cellular key functions, and several lines of evidence point to a critical role of SUMO for mitotic progression. However, in mammalian cells mitotic substrates of sumoylation and the regulatory components involved are not well defined. Here, we identify Borealin, a component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), as a mitotic target of SUMO. The CPC, which additionally comprises INCENP, Survivin, and Aurora B, regulates key mitotic events, including chromosome congression, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. We show that Borealin is preferentially modified by SUMO2/3 and demonstrate that the modification is dynamically regulated during mitotic progression, peaking in early mitosis. Intriguingly, the SUMO ligase RanBP2 interacts with the CPC, stimulates SUMO modification of Borealin in vitro, and is required for its modification in vivo. Moreover, the SUMO isopeptidase SENP3 is a specific interaction partner of Borealin and catalyzes the removal of SUMO2/3 from Borealin. These data thus delineate a mitotic SUMO2/3 conjugation–deconjugation cycle of Borealin and further assign a regulatory function of RanBP2 and SENP3 in the mitotic SUMO pathway.

Lipoprotein profiles in SCID/uPA mice transplanted with human hepatocytes become human-like and correlate with HCV infection success

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (4) ◽  
pp. G844-G854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rineke H. G. Steenbergen ◽  
Michael A. Joyce ◽  
Garry Lund ◽  
Jamie Lewis ◽  
Ran Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Chimeric Mice ◽  
Human Apolipoprotein ◽  
Weakest Link ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Human Livers ◽  
Lipoprotein Profiles

Although multiple determinants for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are known, it remains partly unclear what determines the human specificity of HCV infection. Presumably, the presence of appropriate entry receptors is essential, and this may explain why HCV is unable to infect nonhuman hepatocytes. However, using mice with chimeric human livers, we show in this study that the presence of human hepatocytes, and therefore human entry receptors, is not sufficient for HCV infection. In successfully transplanted SCID/Alb-uPA mice, infection with HCV is reliable only when ∼70–80% of the liver consists of human hepatocytes. We show that chimeric mice, which are hard to infect with HCV, have significant groups of human hepatocytes that are readily infected with hepatitis B virus. Thus it is unlikely that the lack of infection with HCV can simply be attributed to low hepatocyte numbers. We investigated whether the humanization of lipoprotein profiles is positively associated with infection success. We show that the lipoprotein profiles of chimeric mice become more human-like at high levels of engraftment of human hepatocytes. This and expression of markers of human lipoprotein biosynthesis, human apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), show a strong positive correlation with successful infection. Association of HCV in the blood of chimeric mice to ApoB-containing lipoproteins is comparable to association of HCV in patient serum and provides further support for a critical role for ApoB-containing lipoproteins in the infectious cycle of HCV. Our data suggest that the weakest link in the HCV infection chain does not appear to be the presence of human hepatocytes per se. We believe that HCV infection also depends on the presence of sufficient levels of human lipoproteins.

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