scholarly journals Control of Postharvest Pathogens and Colonization of the Apple Surface by Antagonistic Microorganisms in the Field

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Leibinger ◽  
Barbara Breuker ◽  
Matthias Hahn ◽  
Kurt Mendgen
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Control Post

Selected isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Bacillus subtilis reduced the size and number of lesions on wounded apples caused by the postharvest pathogens Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Pezicula malicorticis. Combinations of the antagonistic microorganisms were applied to apple trees in the field late in the growing season of two consecutive years. The population dynamics of the introduced microorganisms and the incidence of fruit decay were determined. Population sizes of introduced antagonists on apple surfaces increased in the field following application of treatments until harvest. After transfer of the fruit from the field into cold storage, the populations of the introduced antagonists remained higher than in the control treatments. Identification of the applied isolates of A. pullulans and R. glutinis during the experiments was achieved by isolate-specific DNA probes generated from random amplified polymorphic DNA. A combination of two strains of A. pullulans and one strain of R. glutinis suppressed rotting of apple to the same extent as the commonly used fungicide Euparen. Our data demonstrate that the application of antagonistic microorganisms in the field represents a promising alternative to fungicide treatments to control post-harvest diseases of apple.

scholarly journals Potential of Antifungal Proteins (AFPs) to Control Penicillium Postharvest Fruit Decay

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Mónica Gandía ◽  
Anant Kakar ◽  
Moisés Giner-Llorca ◽  
Jeanett Holzknecht ◽  
Pedro Martínez-Culebras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Antifungal Proteins ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Neosartorya Fischeri ◽  
Species Specific

Penicillium phytopathogenic species provoke severe postharvest disease and economic losses. Penicillium expansum is the main pome fruit phytopathogen while Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum cause citrus green and blue mold, respectively. Control strategies rely on the use of synthetic fungicides, but the appearance of resistant strains and safety concerns have led to the search for new antifungals. Here, the potential application of different antifungal proteins (AFPs) including the three Penicillium chrysogenum proteins (PAF, PAFB and PAFC), as well as the Neosartorya fischeri NFAP2 protein to control Penicillium decay, has been evaluated. PAFB was the most potent AFP against P. digitatum, P. italicum and P. expansum, PAFC and NFAP2 showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas PAF was the least active protein. In fruit protection assays, PAFB provoked a reduction of the incidence of infections caused by P. digitatum and P. italicum in oranges and by P. expansum in apples. A combination of AFPs did not result in an increase in the efficacy of disease control. In conclusion, this study expands the antifungal inhibition spectrum of the AFPs evaluated, and demonstrates that AFPs act in a species-specific manner. PAFB is a promising alternative compound to control Penicillium postharvest fruit decay.

Integration of Biocontrol Agents and Food-Grade Additives for Enhancing Protection of Stored Apples from Penicillium expansum

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2100-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LIMA ◽  
A. M. SPINA ◽  
R. CASTORIA ◽  
F. DE CURTIS ◽  
V. DE CICCO
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Forty-nine compounds currently used as additives in foods were tested in combination with three biocontrol agents, the yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis, Cryptococcus laurentii, and the yeastlike fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, to increase their antagonistic activity against Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold on apples. Twelve additives dramatically improved the antagonistic activity of one or more of the tested biocontrol agents. In a two-way factorial experiment with these selected additives the percentage of P. expansum rots on apples was significantly influenced by the antagonist and the additive as well as by their interaction. The combination of the biocontrol agents and some additives resulted in a significantly higher activity with respect to the single treatments applied separately, producing additive or synergistic effects. Some of the selected additives combined with a low yeast concentration (106 cells per ml) had comparable or higher efficacy than the biocontrol agents applied alone at a 100-fold higher concentration (108 cells per ml). Some organic and inorganic calcium salts, natural gums, and some antioxidants displayed the best results. In general, the effect of each additive was specific to the biocontrol isolate used in the experiments. Possible mechanisms involved in the activity of these beneficial additives and their potential application in effective formulations of postharvest biofungicides are discussed.

scholarly journals Involvement of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis in Russet of d'Anjou Pear Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Spotts ◽  
L. A. Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruit Surface

d'Anjou pear, the main cultivar grown in the Mid-Columbia Region of Oregon, is subject to russeting of the fruit surface, resulting in reduced quality and value. The role of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis in russet of pear fruit was studied. Inoculations were done at full bloom in 1998 and 1999 and petal fall in 1999 with a log range of concentrations up to 108CFU/ml. Populations of A. pullulans on floral and fruit tissue were monitored during spring 1999 and 2000 in six orchards with a history of russet. Russet of fruit in both studies was evaluated at harvest. In 1998 neither fungus increased russet. In 1999, inoculation with two strains of each fungus at 108 CFU/ml increased russet. Inoculation with 104 or 106 CFU/ml did not increase russet in either year. In commercial orchards, there was no correlation between fruit russet and the populations of A. pullulans on floral and fruit tissue. Populations were less than 103 CFU/g of tissue. We conclude that A. pullulans and R. glutinis are not major contributors to russet of d'Anjou pear fruit in the Mid-Columbia Region.

scholarly journals Production, formulation and antagonistic activity of the biocontrol like-yeast Aureobasidium pullulans against Penicillium expansum

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mounir ◽  
A. Durieux ◽  
E. Bodo ◽  
C. Allard ◽  
J.-P. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Penicillium Expansum

scholarly journals Characterization of Penicillium Isolates Associated with Blue Mold on Apple in Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pianzzola ◽  
M. Moscatelli ◽  
S. Vero
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Its1 And Its2

Blue mold caused by Penicillium spp. is the most important postharvest disease of apple in Uruguay. Fourteen isolates of Penicillium were recovered from rotten apple and pear fruit with blue mold symptoms, and from water from flotation tanks in commercial apple juice facilities. Phenotypic identification to species level was performed, and the isolates were tested for sensitivity to commonly used postharvest fungicides. Genetic characterization of the isolates was performed with restriction fragment length polymorphism of the region including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ITS1 and ITS2 and the 5.8SrRNA gene (ITS1-5.8SrRNA gene-ITS2) ribosomal DNA region and with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Both techniques were able to differentiate these isolates at the species level. RAPD analysis proved to be an objective, rapid, and reliable tool to identify Penicillium spp. involved in blue mold of apple. In all, 11 isolates were identified as Penicillium expansum and 3 as P. solitum. This is the first report of P. solitum as an apple pathogen in Uruguay.

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