scholarly journals Localization of Glucose Oxidase with Immunocytochemistry in the Biocontrol Fungus Talaromyces flavus

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Stosz ◽  
S. Roy ◽  
C. Murphy ◽  
W. Wergin ◽  
D. R. Fravel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Original Activity ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Specific Polyclonal Antibody

Production of the enzyme glucose oxidase has been shown to be involved in the biological control of Verticillium wilt by Talaromyces flavus. In this study, the location of glucose oxidase was determined in T. flavus by immunocytochemistry using glucose oxidase-specific polyclonal antibody. Immunostaining revealed that glucose oxidase was both intracellular and extracellular. Old, as well as young, hyphal cells contained glucose oxidase, but labeling of the cell wall-associated enzyme decreased as the cells aged. Exocytosis rather than cell lysis was the primary means of release of glucose oxidase from cells. Enzyme stability studies confirmed that the glucose oxidase of T. flavus is an extremely stable enzyme, retaining 13% of its original activity after 2 weeks at 25°C and retaining activity for several days at temperatures up to 50°C.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Tomato Verticillium Wilt Disease by Talaromyces Flavus

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laleh Naraghi ◽  
Asghar Heydari ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Mohammad Razavi ◽  
Hanieh Jahanifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus

scholarly journals Current advances in pathogen-plant interaction between Verticillium dahliae and cotton provide new insight in the disease management

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Kibalou PALANGA ◽  
Ruixian LIU ◽  
Qun GE ◽  
Juwu GONG ◽  
Junwen LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Cotton Production

AbstractVerticillium wilt is the second serious vascular wilt caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. It has distributed worldwide, causing serious yield losses and fiber quality reduction in cotton production. The pathogen has developed different mechanisms like the production of cell wall degrading enzymes, activation of virulence genes and protein effectors to succeed in its infection. Cotton plant has also evolved multiple mechanisms in response to the fungus infection, including a strong production of lignin and callose deposition to strengthen the cell wall, burst of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of defene hormones, expression of defense-related genes, and target-directed strategies like cross-kingdom RNAi for specific virulent gene silencing. This review summarizes the recent progress made over the past two decades in understanding the interactions between cotton plant and the pathogen Verticillium dahliae during the infection process. The review also discusses the achievements in the control practices of cotton verticillium wilt in recent years, including cultivation practices, biological control, and molecular breeding strategies. These studies reveal that effective management strategies are needed to control the disease, while cultural practices and biological control approaches show promising results in the future. Furthermore, the biological control approaches developed in recent years, including antagonistic fungi, endophytic bacteria, and host induced gene silencing strategies provide efficient choices for integrated disease management.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI ENZIM KITINASE PADA ISOLAT JAMUR KITINOLITIK DARI SAMPEL TANAH RIZOSFER

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Eka Corneliyawati ◽  
Massora Massora ◽  
Khikmah Khikmah ◽  
As’ad Syamsul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Chitinase Production

The rhizosphere is the zone of soil surrounding a plant root where plant roots, soil and the soil biota interact with each other. Chitinolytic fungi has been effectively used in biological control agens. The chitinase activity causes lysis of the fungi cell wall pathogen. The aim of the research was to find optimization of activity chitinase enzyme from rhizosphere soil was conducted in vitro. Optimal growth chitinase production for TKR3 fungi isolate were concentration of chitin 0,2% (b/v), pH 5,5, temperature 30ºC, agitation 150 rpm and incubation time at four days. The optimum yield of chitinase production is influenced by fungal species and environmental conditions.

Secondary Metabolite- and Endochitinase-Dependent Antagonism toward Plant-Pathogenic Microfungi of Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolates from Sugar Beet Rhizosphere

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3563-3569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Neiendam Nielsen ◽  
Jan Sørensen ◽  
Johannes Fels ◽  
Hans Christian Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Fungal Antagonism ◽  
Lipopeptide Antibiotic

ABSTRACT Forty-seven isolates representing all biovars of Pseudomonas fluorescens (biovars I to VI) were collected from the rhizosphere of field-grown sugar beet plants to select candidate strains for biological control of preemergence damping-off disease. The isolates were tested for in vitro antagonism toward the plant-pathogenic microfungi Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani in three different plate test media. Mechanisms of fungal inhibition were elucidated by tracing secondary-metabolite production and cell wall-degrading enzyme activity in the same media. Most biovars expressed a specific mechanism of antagonism, as represented by a unique antibiotic or enzyme production in the media. A lipopeptide antibiotic, viscosinamide, was produced independently of medium composition by P. fluorescens bv. I, whereas the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol was observed only in glucose-rich medium and only in P. fluorescens bv. II/IV. Both pathogens were inhibited by the two antibiotics. Finally, in low-glucose medium, a cell wall-degrading endochitinase activity in P. fluorescens bv. I, III, and VI was the apparent mechanism of antagonism toward R. solani. The viscosinamide-producing DR54 isolate (bv. I) was shown to be an effective candidate for biological control, as tested in a pot experiment with sugar beet seedlings infested with Pythium ultimum. The assignment of different patterns of fungal antagonism to the biovars of P. fluorescens is discussed in relation to an improved selection protocol for candidate strains to be used in biological control.

Production, purification, and properties of glucose oxidase from the biocontrol fungus Talaromyces flavus

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay K. Kim ◽  
Deborah R. Fravel ◽  
George C. Papavizas
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Native Enzyme ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
Type Population

Talaromyces flavus produces the enzyme glucose oxidase, which may be involved in biocontrol of the fungal plant pathogen, Verticillium dahliae. A strain of T. flavus was selected from the wild-type population for the production of extracellular glucose oxidase, and the enzyme was purified by a combination of acetone precipitation and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Approximately 12–25 mg of pure protein was obtained from 2 L of culture, and the total recovered activity ranged from 5 to 10 × 103 μmol/min. Homogeneity of the purified enzyme was demonstrated by HPLC and by native and sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight of the native enzyme was 164 000 and that of the subunit was71 000, which indicated that the native enzyme is a dimer. The apparent Km value for D-glucose was 10.9 mM. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 5.0, but the enzyme was stable in buffer from pH 3 to 7. The enzyme was observed to be a glycoprotein, and amino acid analysis of the purified enzyme indicated a similarity to glucose oxidases from fungal sources. Isozymes of the enzyme with pI values of 4.40–4.55 were detected on analytical isoelectric focusing gels. Key words: antibiosis, biocontrol, glucose oxidase, Talaromyces flavus.

Biological control of Verticillium wilt of olive by Paenibacillus alvei, strain K165

BioControl ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil A. Markakis ◽  
Sotirios E. Tjamos ◽  
Polymnia P. Antoniou ◽  
Epameinondas J. Paplomatas ◽  
Eleftherios C. Tjamos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Paenibacillus Alvei
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