The effect of exposure to liquid air freshener on histological of the bronchial mice (Mus musculus)

Air fresheners are products that contain chemicals aimed at reducing unpleasant odours in confined spaces. The use of synthetic air fresheners turns out to harm health because some of their leased Volatile Organic Compounds are classified as toxic compounds and are carcinogens. Air freshener enters the body through the inhalation process in the respiratory system. Modern air fresheners are available in liquid (aerosol) and gel forms. Air fresheners contain addictive substances and solvents such as 1,4-dichlorobenzene which can affect pulmonary function. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of exposure to liquid air freshener on the histology of bronchi of mice (Mus musculus). This study used 20 male mice (Mus musculus) consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications. The research design is true experimental in the form of a post-test only control group with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The post-test was done by observing the histological picture of the mice's bronchi after exposure to liquid air freshener given 3x/day for a period of P1 = 2 weeks, P2 = 4 weeks and P3 = 6 weeks. Quantitative data on bronchial histology was tested using the One Way ANOVA statistical test followed by the Post Hoc Tukey test. The results of the study found changes in the histology of the bronchi, thickening of the epithelial tissue of mice. Analysis of comparative data between the control and treatment groups statistically obtained p = 0.010 <0.05, meaning that there was a significant effect and change in the bronchial tubes exposed to liquid air freshener. Histologically there were differences in histology between the control and treatment groups. It was concluded that liquid air freshener had a significant effect on the histological picture of the mice's bronchi.

Implementation of ecopreneurship-oriented project-based learning (pbl) to improve the entrepreneurial spirit and student learning outcomes

The Environmental Knowledge course is a compulsory subject for STKIP PGRI Lumajang students. The value of student learning outcomes in this subject is low. In addition, based on the results of the questionnaire, it is known that the entrepreneurial spirit of students is low. The objective of this research is to improve the entrepreneurial spirit and student learning outcomes through ecopreneurship-oriented project-based learning. This type of research is classroom action research. The subjects in this research were students of Mathematics Education STKIP PGRI Lumajang class 2019. The research instrument used was an entrepreneurial spirit observation sheet with a rating scale and cognitive learning outcomes test questions. There are 13 test questions in this research. Data collection techniques using observation and tests. Based on the results of the research showed that the entrepreneurial spirit of students in the first cycle was 77.24 and in the second cycle was 83.90. Student learning outcomes in the first cycle of 73.96 and the second cycle of 80.54. This shows that the implementation of ecopreneurship-oriented project-based learning improves the entrepreneurial spirit and student learning outcomes of STKIP PGRI Lumajang in the Environmental Knowledge course.

Literature Study: Diversity level of coastal echinoidea as a source of biology learning materials for biodiversity

The diverse learning resources around students' lives have not been optimally utilized in learning. Learning resources are one of the important things in improving the learning process, the surrounding environment can be used as an effective and efficient learning resource because it provides a hands-on experience to students. Learning activities that utilize the environment either directly or not are biodiversity materials. Learning resources from the surrounding environment are also expected to make students more sensitive and easy to understand lessons. This study aims to determine the level of diversity of Echinoidea in the intertidal zone and analyze the needs of learning resources. The research method uses a literature study by searching for eight relevant articles related to the level of diversity of Echinoidea in the coastal intertidal zone on several accredited science journal websites as a source of study and then reviewing and analyzing the requirements as a source of biology learning. This study uses a narrative review design with the research instrument, namely the researcher himself. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The results of the literature study showed that the diversity index of Echinoidea had a moderate diversity index. The results of the analysis of potential needs for learning resources that have been carried out show the results of research on Echinoidea diversity meet the requirements as a source of study material for high school biological diversity.

Development instrument science process skills biology for Junior High School

Science process skills (SPS) are basic skills in science and tools of a scientist to investigate science phenomena. One of the ways to improve science process skills is by giving students practice questions. This study aims to develop a valid and reliable science process skills instrument. The research is developmental research using a procedural model adapted from Djaali and Muljono. These steps include the theory synthesis stage, the design stage (variable construction, development of question indicators, preparation of grids, making instruments, scoring), and the evaluation stage (validity test, reliability test, and item analysis). The research instruments used were expert validation sheets, practitioner assessment questionnaires, and product trial questions for 100 students. The results of judgment expert and practitioner judgment were processed descriptively. The empirical validity results, which are quantitative data, are processed using the software Microsoft Excel. The results showed that the developed questions were valid based on logical validity (89.43%) and empirical validity (84%). The reliability calculation shows the high category (0.66). This study concludes that the SPS questions developed are feasible to assess the process skills of biology subjects at the junior high school level.

Fish diversity and heavy metal content mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) on the water and fish in Cikaniki river, Bogor regency

Organisms that live in waters are sensitive to changes in the water quality in which they live. The quality of the water in the Cikaniki River is threatened by the gold mining industry, illegal mining, agricultural activities, and settlements. One of the organisms that will be affected by these environmental changes is fish. This research aims to obtain a diversity index of fish species and to determine the content of heavy metals Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As) on the water, and fish. Research on the diversity of fish in Cikaniki River, Bogor Regency, was carried out in January–March 2020. The research was conducted at five selected stations, and each station carried out three times the sampling of fish and water. The metal content test process is carried out at the Chemical Laboratory of the University of Nusa Bangsa. The research instrument used was the observation sheet for fish identification and heavy metal content. Fish identification was carried out at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratory, University of Nusa Bangsa. Identification use characteristics observed included body shape, body length height, color pattern, muzzle shape, fin shape, number of fins, and tail shape. Calculation of heavy metals using an ICP–OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma) tool. This research found seven fish species in the Cikaniki river; based on its dominance, four types of fish dominate: Nemacheilus chrysolaimos, Puntius bionotatus, Channa striata, and Glyptothorax platypogonides. The content of heavy metal mercury (Hg) in water is still below the standard quality threshold, while the Hg content in fish is above the quality standard with a value range of 0.5 - 1.09 mg/kg. The content of heavy metal Arsenic (As) in water ranges from 0.02 - 0.6 mg/L, with the highest value found at stations 4 (irrigation canals), As in the highest fish at stations 1 and 2 with a value range of 1-1.1 mg/kg. The conclusion of this research is that there are seven species of fish and fish in the Cikaniki river which contain high Hg and As heavy metals.

Phylogenetic analysis of the grouper family (Serranidae) from various local markets in Indonesian waters using COI (cytochrome oxidase I)

Grouper fish (Serranidae) is a type of fish found in Indonesian waters. However, not many people have conducted further research on phylogenetics based on COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I). This study aims to explain the phylogeny of grouper fish from the Serranidae family based on COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I). This research is a literature study. The research samples were grouper fish from Lombok, Karimunjawa, Lampung, Kendari, Madura, Tanakeke, and Numfor. The research instrument was a grouper-type observation sheet and an observation sheet for the results of the MEGA 7 application test. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the level of kinship between the species tested was very close, including Epinephelus areolatus, E. merra, E. fasciatus, E. longispinis, E. coioides, E. ongus, and E. coeruleopunctatus with all genetic distance averages type. 0.02. The conclusion of this study is that in general the species relationships found are several species found in the same location with similar morphology and diet.

Disaster preparedness behaviors in biology education: Knowledge of environmental disaster mitigation

Environmental disaster was important issue to be solved. Current situation disasters such as flood, earthquake, tsunami, volcanoes and others could be happened. This study aimed to obtain information about the relationship between knowledge of disaster and preparedness behaviors and disaster preparedness behaviors. This research was a Sequential Explanatory combination research consisting of 2 variables, namely knowledge about disaster mitigation as an independent variable (X) and disaster preparedness behaviors as a dependent variable (Y). This research was conducted in January-June 2019. The population in this study was all students of Grade XI MIPA in MAN in Bogor City in the academic year 2018/2019 with a total sample of 207 respondents. Research data were obtained using multiple choice test and observation sheet. Quantitative data analysis with descriptive statistical calculations, prerequisite tests using the Liliefors test and the Bartlett test. The data hypotheses testing used the Pearson Product Moment formula. Analysis of qualitative data carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between knowledge of disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness behaviors (t-value 3.56 > t-statistic 0.05, r=0.234 & r2=5.51%) with a low interpretation value. The conclusion of this research there were low relationship between knowledge of disaster and preparedness behaviors.

Analysis of learning difficulties in vertebrate zoology during the COVID-19 pandemic based on student learning styles

Vertebrate zoology lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a transformation from face-to-face lecture systems to online self-learning. Students with various learning styles experience difficulties in studying vertebrate zoology courses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the learning difficulties of the COVID-19 pandemic zoology vertebrate course as a whole and based on student learning styles. This research was conducted at the University of PGRI Madiun and IKIP Budi Utomo in May 2020. The number of respondents was 140 students of the Biology Education Department. This type of research is qualitative research with a survey method. The instrument used was a questionnaire analysis of vertebrate zoological learning difficulties using the google form. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the learning difficulties of students, in general, were related to the understanding of scientific names as much as 71% and the fulfillment of teaching materials as much as 51%. The learning difficulties of students with a visual learning style consisted of understanding scientific names (69%) and the fulfillment of teaching materials (57%). The learning difficulties of students with auditory learning styles consist of understanding scientific names (81%). The learning difficulties of students with the kinesthetic learning style consisted of understanding scientific names (67%). This study concludes that students' difficulties are dominated by understanding scientific names and the availability of teaching materials.

Validity of ESQ booklets about structure and function of animal tissue as biology learning supplement

The development of an ESQ booklet on the structure and function of animal tissues to empower students' emotional-spiritual attitudes in schools has not been maximized. This research aims to develop an ESQ booklet about the structure and function of animal tissue and to determine the validity of the booklet. This research type is research and development (R&D). This learning media was developed using three stages of the 4D model namely define, design, and develop. The research instrument used are observation sheets, interview transcripts, and validity test sheets. The research data collected through questionnaires of validity test sheets to content expert, media expert, ESQ expert (Islamic religion teacher), and biology teacher. The assessment of each validator was analyzed and processed using the validity formula and adjusted to the validity category. Based on the analysis of the validity test questionnaire, it was found that the validity percentage of the content eligibility was 92.05%, the linguistic aspect was 92.16%, the presentation aspect was 93.33%, and the graphics aspect was 95.83%, all of the criteria is very valid. It was concluded that the ESQ booklet about the structure and function of animal tissue as a biology learning supplement was categorized as very valid with an average score is 93.34%. Thus, the conclusion of the research is that the ESQ booklet about the structure and function of animal tissue as a biology learning supplement is declared very valid from the aspects of content, language, and media.

Botanical application: Android-based learning media to enhance interest in learning plant material

Balikpapan Botanical Garden School has a very supportive learning environment, especially in studying plant material, but there are still many students who show low interest in learning so that an application in the form of android application to foster student interest in learning related to plants. This research aims to determine the feasibility of the botanical application as the further development of a flash application with the same theme to enhance interest in learning plant material. This research is used Research and Development (R&D) with ADDIE model which includes the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stage. The data were collected using a questionnaire to measure students’ learning referring to Mitchell's theory with 25 questions. The result showed that the botanical application is feasible to use with a score of 3,86 (feasible) and 4,16 (very feasible) according to media and material experts, and also a score of 4,47 (very feasible) according to the students. It also can enhance interest in learning plant material at the significance level of 0.002<0.05 with 46,6% of students reach the high criterion and the other 53,3% reach the moderate criterion of interest. This android-based of botanical application turns out to be able to enhance interest in learning about plant material due to learners' option to choose learning content depending on their interest.