scholarly journals Variation in Virulence Within Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, and M. hapla on Solanum spp.

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. van der Beek ◽  
L. M. Poleij ◽  
C. Zijlstra ◽  
R. Janssen ◽  
G. J. W. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Solanum Spp ◽  
Species Mixtures

The virulence of Meloidogyne hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. fallax was studied on genotypes of Solanum spp. in a greenhouse. Juveniles of 11 M. hapla race A isolates, 3 M. hapla race B isolates, and 5 mono-female lines of a M. hapla race A isolate were inoculated on S. chacoense, S. hougasii, and S. sparsipilum. Juveniles of eight M. chitwoodi isolates, five M. fallax isolates, and six mono-female lines of a M. chitwoodi isolate were inoculated on S. bulbocastanum, S. chacoense, S. hougasii, S. stoloniferum, and S. tuberosum. Virulence was expressed as nematode reproduction 8 weeks after inoculation. Nematode reproduction was estimated by the number of egg masses and, in one experiment, by the number of hatched second-stage juveniles per inoculated juvenile. Considerable variation in virulence and resistance was observed among M. hapla isolates and plant genotypes, respectively. The M. hapla isolate-plant species interaction was highly significant. The response to M. chitwoodi ranged from susceptible (S. tuberosum and S. chacoense) to highly resistant (S. bulbocastanum and S. hougasii). S. tuberosum was susceptible to M. fallax, whereas all four wild species were resistant. In contrast to M. hapla, no significant isolate-plant genotype interaction was obtained for M. chitwoodi or M. fallax, indicating no or little intraspecific variation in virulence. M. chitwoodi juveniles in species mixtures with M. fallax isolates appeared to be able to break the resistance of S. bulbocastanum and S. hougasii. Significant differences among mono-female lines of M. hapla and M. chitwoodi were observed, indicating heterogeneity of pathogenicity within meiotic parthenogenic Meloidogyne populations.

scholarly journals Environmental variation has stronger effects than plant genotype on competition among plant species

2008 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc T. J. Johnson ◽  
Russell Dinnage ◽  
Alice Y. Zhou ◽  
Mark D. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Plant Genotype

A conceptual framework and an empirical test of complementarity and facilitation with respect to phosphorous uptake by plant species mixtures

Pedosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-329
Author(s):  
Chunjie LI ◽  
Thomas W. KUYPER ◽  
Wopke VAN DER WERF ◽  
Junling ZHANG ◽  
Haigang LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Phosphorous Uptake ◽  
Species Mixtures

scholarly journals Uso y manejo de Ibervillea millspaughii (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey, Melothria pendula L. y otras especies silvestres de la familia Cucurbitacea: Posibles procesos de domesticación incipiente

2017 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Alejandro Casas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Information on use and management of wild species of Cucurbitaceae is presented, in order to analyze processes of incipient plant domestication. Ibervillea millspaughii is a perennial plant species with massive roots, distributed from Tamaulipas to Belize. Roots of this species are utilized as medicine in the treatment of arthritis, inflammations and muscular pain. Roots are commonly collected from individuals in wild populations, but, in some villages of Quinatana Roo people tolerate and enhance individuals of this plant species in anthropogenic areas; also, people cultivate this plant species in home gardens. Melothria pendula is distributed from the United States to Argentina. Fruits and young stems and leaves of this species are consumed as food and used in traditional medicine. These products are generally gathered from wild or weedy populations, but in La Montaña de Guerrero region, the tolerance of this species and the intentional dispersion of its seeds in anthropogenic areas are also common, in order to increase its availability. Use and propagation of this plant species may involve selection by people who distinguish between "bitter" and "sweet" variants, preferring the "sweet" ones. Sicyos parviflorus, Cyclanthera dissecta, C. langaei and C. ribiflora are consumed as greens by people in different regions of Mexico, who gather them from wild or weedy populations, although individual plants of these species are also tolerated in anthropogenic areas. The different forms of management identified in the species mentioned are possibly causing processes of domestication, but such processes are yet to be evaluated.

Nematicidal metabolites from endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum YSC5

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Khan ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Shan Wei ◽  
Zhiyang Wang ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Chaetoglobosin A

ABSTRACT Management of nematodes is a very hectic job due to a highly diverse group of organisms. To find lead compounds for new nematicide development, five metabolites (1–5) were isolated from the culture broth of Chaetomium globosum YSC5 and tested for nematicidal activities against the second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne javanica. The results revealed that chaetoglobosin A (1), chaetoglobosin B (2) and flavipin (3) exhibited strong adverse effects (91.6, 83.8 and 87.4%, respectively) on J2 mortality at 200 μg/mL with LC50 values of 88.4, 107.7 and 99.2 μg/mL after 72 h, respectively, while 3-methoxyepicoccone (4) and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methylphthalide (5) showed moderate effects (78.0 and 75.5%, respectively) with LC50 values of 124.0 and 131.6 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, in pot assay compounds 1 and 2 appeared to be promising metabolites at 200 μg/mL that significantly reduced nematode reproduction and showed a positive influence on plant growth. Our findings could be helpful for development of new potential bio-based pesticides for integrated management of plant-parasitic nematode.

Weed Species Not Impaired by Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne incognita Relationships that Damage Chile Pepper

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
J. Schroeder ◽  
S. Thomas ◽  
L. Murray ◽  
N. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Anoda Cristata

The chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) crop is affected by several pests, pathogens, and weeds including Verticillium dahliae, Meloidogyne incognita, spurred anoda (Anoda cristata), Wright groundcherry (Physalis acutifolia), and tall morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea). These weed species are unimpaired hosts to V. dahliae and M. incognita. Chile plants have been found co-infected with V. dahliae and M. incognita in commercial fields. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the relationships among V. dahliae, M. incognita, and each of the four aforementioned plant species. Plants were either non-inoculated or inoculated with V. dahliae, M. incognita, or V. dahliae plus M. incognita. Six weeks after inoculation, plant infection by V. dahliae, M. incognita reproduction, plant height and biomass were measured. Three relationships were identified: V. dahliae was recovered from 100% of all four inoculated plant species, irrespective of M. incognita treatment; V. dahliae and M. incognita enhanced or had no effect on weed biomass but were pathogenic to chile; and co-infection by V. dahliae had no effect on nematode reproduction in the first M. incognita generation on the crop or weeds. These biological relationships suggest that the competitive impact of the weeds may increase and pathogen diversity may be affected in infested fields, ultimately impacting the efficacy of our common IPM tools. Accepted for publication 17 July 2013. Published 20 September 2013.

scholarly journals Management of Meloidogyne hapla on Lettuce in Organic Soil with Sudangrass as a Cover Crop

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Viaene ◽  
George S. Abawi
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Growing Seasons

Host suitability for Meloidogyne hapla of six cover crops was tested in the greenhouse. Sudan-grass cv. Trudan 8 and rye (mixture of cultivars) were nonhosts; oat cv. Porter was a poor host; and phacelia cv. Angelia, oilseed radish cv. Renova, and yellow mustard cv. Martigena were maintenance hosts. When incorporated as a green manure before planting of lettuce cv. Mon-tello, sudangrass was the most effective of the cover crops in reducing egg production of M. hapla. Soil amendment with all parts of sudangrass resulted in lower reproduction of M. hapla on lettuce than soil amendment with only roots of sudangrass. Soil incorporation of 2-month-old (or younger) tissues of sudangrass was more effective in reducing nematode reproduction on subsequent lettuce plants than incorporation of 3-month-old tissues. Sudangrass was grown as a cover crop after lettuce for three growing seasons in field microplots and incorporated as a green manure before the first fall frost. Weight of lettuce heads was significantly higher and reproduction of M. hapla was significantly lower in sudangrass-amended microplots compared with those left fallow between lettuce crops, but results varied with year and nematode infestation level.

The effect of sandy soil, bacterium dose and time on the efficacy of Pasteuria penetrans to control Meloidogyne incognita race 1 on coffee

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Célia Cordeiro ◽  
Regina Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Cirotto ◽  
Luiz de Mesquita ◽  
Maria Ritta Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Reproduction Factor

AbstractAn obligate parasite bacterium of the root-knot nematode, Pasteuria penetrans strain P10, isolated from Meloidogyne incognita females on banana roots in Imperatriz Maranhão State, Brazil, was evaluated in glasshouse conditions, using two doses of a dry root bionematicide (107 endospores (5.0 g/seedling) and 106 endospores (0.5 g/seedling)) on seedlings of cv. Mundo Novo coffee. The soil in which coffee seedlings were raised was inoculated previously with these two doses of P. penetrans and after 2 months the plants were transferred to soils of different textures: clay-sandy soil (38% clay, 2% silt and 60% sand) and sandy soil (17% clay, 0% silt and 83% sand). When the coffee plants were 30 cm high, they were inoculated with 20 000 eggs/plant of M. incognita race 1. The coffee plants were examined 8, 16 and 24 months after nematode plant infestation. The effectiveness of the biological control was determined by the reduction of nematode reproduction factor, which ranged from 62 to 67% in clay-sandy soil and 80 to 85% in sandy soil. The mechanism of suppression caused by the bacterium was evaluated by the percentage of infected second-stage juveniles (J2), number of endospores attached/J2 and number of infected females. The high levels of suppression were related to time, increasing from 8 to 24 months, and to the percentage of sand in the soil.

Variable Enemy Impact at Three Scales: Herbivore Species, Plant Species, and Plant Genotype

Oikos ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Fritz ◽  
Sylvan R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Herbivore Species

Comparison of migration, penetration, development and reproduction of Meloidogyne graminicola on susceptible and resistant rice genotypes

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Teodora Nadong Cabasan ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Dirk De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
African Rice ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Nematode Development

Migration, penetration, development and reproduction of the rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in the resistant African rice genotypes TOG5674, TOG5675, CG14 and RAM131, and in the susceptible Asian rice genotypes IR64 and UPLRi-5 were studied and compared. The number of second-stage juveniles (J2) that had migrated horizontally and vertically towards the rhizosphere at 48 h after inoculation was comparable in both resistant and susceptible rice genotypes. Penetration of J2 was significantly lower in the resistant rice genotypes compared with the susceptible rice genotypes at 3 and 7 days after inoculation (DAI). Nematode development in the resistant rice genotypes was slower than in the susceptible rice genotypes. Nematode reproduction was significantly lower in the resistant rice genotypes, which supported fewer eggs per g of roots and eggs per female. A significantly higher percentage of egg-laying females was found in the susceptible rice genotypes. Mature females that had developed in the resistant rice genotypes were significantly smaller than the ones in the susceptible rice genotypes. The resistant rice genotypes had significantly fewer galls than the susceptible rice genotypes.

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