Nematicidal metabolites from endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum YSC5

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Khan ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Shan Wei ◽  
Zhiyang Wang ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhao ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Management of nematodes is a very hectic job due to a highly diverse group of organisms. To find lead compounds for new nematicide development, five metabolites (1–5) were isolated from the culture broth of Chaetomium globosum YSC5 and tested for nematicidal activities against the second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne javanica. The results revealed that chaetoglobosin A (1), chaetoglobosin B (2) and flavipin (3) exhibited strong adverse effects (91.6, 83.8 and 87.4%, respectively) on J2 mortality at 200 μg/mL with LC50 values of 88.4, 107.7 and 99.2 μg/mL after 72 h, respectively, while 3-methoxyepicoccone (4) and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methylphthalide (5) showed moderate effects (78.0 and 75.5%, respectively) with LC50 values of 124.0 and 131.6 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, in pot assay compounds 1 and 2 appeared to be promising metabolites at 200 μg/mL that significantly reduced nematode reproduction and showed a positive influence on plant growth. Our findings could be helpful for development of new potential bio-based pesticides for integrated management of plant-parasitic nematode.

Author(s):  
Paula Juliana Grotto Débia ◽  
Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira

Abstract Background The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica can infect beetroots, causing extensive damage to this food crop. As chemical and genetic control tactics have shown limited efficacy, new strategies are needed to improve the integrated management of this parasite. This study assessed the influence of potential defence elicitors and M. javanica infection on the mineral composition of beetroot. Plants were treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), citrus biomass, or a mannanoligosaccharide-based product (MOS) and inoculated with 1000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, beetroot plants were harvested and evaluated for nematode population density, vegetative growth, and mineral content. Results All potential elicitors reduced nematode population density in beetroots (p ≤ 0.10) and improved the vegetative parameters of inoculated plants (p ≤ 0.05), except shoot fresh weight. Some minerals were found to be negatively affected by treatments, particularly calcium, whose levels were consistently lower in treated plants. On the other hand, M. javanica inoculation increased magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper contents in beetroots. However, the latter mineral (Cu content) of inoculated plants was positively influenced by MOS and ASM. Conclusion Potential elicitor treatments did not improve the mineral composition of beetroot, but were effective in reducing nematode population density. Plants inoculated with M. javanica had higher mineral levels. However, gall formation decreases the commercial value of the crop and might render it unsuitable for commercialisation. M. javanica-infected beetroots may be used for nutrient extraction or sold to food processing industries.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriely Alves de Almeida ◽  
Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña ◽  
Débora Cristina Santiago

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredient abamectin, either in isolation or in combination with fungicides and insecticides formulated for the industrial seed treatment, on the population of Meloidogyne javanica, tested under greenhouse and in vitro conditions. In both tests, the combination of the following treatments was assessed: abamectin; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. Water was used as control for the in vitro assay, whereas under greenhouse conditions, controls were inoculated and not inoculated with M. javanica. The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with six (in vitro) and ten (greenhouse) replicates. For in vitro studies the effect on hatching, motility, and mortality of juveniles of M. javanica was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the soybean ‘BRS 133’ seeds were treated, and at 15, 30, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) with M. javanica, plant measurements were recorded. The penetration of second stage juveniles (J2) was also evaluated at 15 DAI. At 30 DAI, galls, egg masses, nematodes/g of root, and final population were evaluated. At 60 DAI, the final population of nematodes in the roots was quantified. The treatments containing abamectin were the most effective in diminishing the hatching of juveniles. All treatments had an effect on nematode motility when compared to the control, and in the treatment containing only abamectin, total juvenile mortality was observed. In greenhouse conditions, at 15 DAI, the treated soybean plants had the highest root mass and shoot length, differing statistically from the inoculated control. All treatments reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root, differing from the control. At 30 DAI, treatment efficiency was observed in reducing the final population of M. javanica, particularly the treatments using abamectin, and abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. However, at 60 DAI, the effect of the treatments on the population of M. javanica did not persist.


Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fabíola de J. Silva ◽  
Regina C.F. Ribeiro ◽  
Adelica A. Xavier ◽  
Vanessa A. Gomes ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
...  

Summary Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m−3 to 30 kg m−3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m−3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Mendes Lopes ◽  
Bruna Orlandini Toninato ◽  
Mayra Renata Cruz Soares ◽  
Cláudia Regina Dias-Arieira

Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus brachyurus stand out among the main nematodes in soybean crops. Research on integrated management are often conducted, due to the low efficiency of the main control methods when they are applied alone. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the potential of biological control and plant nutrition products to control these nematodes in soybean. The effect of each product alone on nematode hatching and mortality was also assessed. A greenhouse experiment was also carried out, evaluating five doses of the product for biological control based on Bacillus and Trichoderma, with and without the presence of the product for nutrition, inoculated with 2000 eggs and juveniles for the gall nematode or 1000 specimens for the nematode lesions. After 30 days of multiplication, the aerial part was removed and the soil was revolved to receive the new sowing of the soybean with the respective treatments mentioned above. After 60 days, the experiments were evaluated for nematological parameters. Both products reduced hatching and increased nematode mortality. Treatments with biological control were efficient in reducing M. javanica and P. brachyurus, mainly when applied at doses close to 5 and 8 kg ha-1, respectively. The nutrition product negatively influences the biological control.


1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 1349-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.V. Silverton ◽  
T. Akiyama ◽  
C. Kabuto ◽  
S. Sekita ◽  
K. Yoshihira ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE TAVARES SCHAFER ◽  
CESAR BAUER GOMES ◽  
ARIONE DA SILVA PEREIRA ◽  
FERNANDA FERREIRA CRUZ ◽  
DANIELLE RIBEIRO DE BARROS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of a group of clones and cultivars from the potato breeding program of Embrapa to Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Temperate Climate, Pelotas / RS, under greenhouse conditions at temperatures of 25 ± 5°C. Individual potato plants of different genotypes [BRSIPR Bel, BRS F63 (Camila), CL02-05, F23-11-06, F32-02-06, F38-03-07, F189-09-06, F23-24-06 and F22-01-08], kept in pots with sterilized soil were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica, using six replicates per treatment. The susceptible control, potato cultivar BRS Ana was inoculated with the same level of inoculum. Fifty-five days after inoculation, the number of galls on the roots of each plant was determined as well as the number of protuberances caused by nematodes in the different treatments. Then, the roots of each plant were processed for counting the number of eggs and J2, as well as determining the nematode reproduction factor (FR: final population / initial population). All genotypes were susceptible (FR> 1.00) to M. javanica. However, there were different levels of susceptibility among the cultivars tested.


Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Christianna Meidani ◽  
Alexandros Savvidis ◽  
Evaggelia Lampropoulou ◽  
Aggeliki Sagia ◽  
Efstathios Katsifas ◽  
...  

A total of 461 indigenous Streptomycetes strains recovered from various Greek rhizosphere habitats were tested for their bioactivity. All isolates were examined for their ability to suppress the growth of 12 specific target microorganisms. Twenty-six were found to exert antimicrobial activity and were screened for potential nematicidal action. S. monomycini ATHUBA 220, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 431, and S. youssoufensis ATHUBA 546 were proved to have a nematicidal effect and thus were further sequenced. Batch culture supernatants and solvent extracts were assessed for paralysis on Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). The solvent extracts of S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 had the highest paralysis rates, so these Streptomycetes strains were further on tested for nematodes’ biological cycle arrest on two Arabidopsis thaliana plants; the wild type (Col-0) and the katanin mutant fra2, which is susceptible to M. incognita. Interestingly, S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 were able to negatively affect the M. incognita biological cycle in Col-0 and fra2 respectively, and increased growth in Col-0 upon M. incognita infection. However, they were ineffective against M. javanica. Fra2 plants were also proved susceptible to M. javanica infestation, with a reduced growth upon treatments with the Streptomyces strains. The nematicidal action and the plant-growth modulating abilities of the selected Streptomycetes strains are discussed.


2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Fogle ◽  
D.R. Douglas ◽  
C.A. Jumper ◽  
D.C. Straus

Chaetomium globosum is commonly found in water-damaged buildings and produces the mycotoxins chaetoglobosin A and chaetoglobosin C (Ch-A and Ch-C, respectively). While attempting to purify Ch-A and Ch-C, we observed that these mycotoxins were broken down after heating. The objective of this study was to determine the temperature and the amount of time necessary to break down Ch-A and Ch-C. We demonstrated that the amounts of Ch-A were significantly reduced when exposed to 75 °C for 24 h and 100 °C for 90, 120, or 150 min. Under the same conditions, the levels of Ch-C were also lower (although not significantly). At 175 °C, no Ch-A was detected after 15 min and Ch-C was significantly reduced after 30 min. Our findings will aid other researchers who work with these mycotoxins in the future.


Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod McLeod ◽  
Chris Steel

Abstract Green manures (chopped leaves) of 15 brassica potentially useful as inter-row crops in vineyards were incorporated into soils inoculated with second stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica to compare their antinematode activity. With application rates of 10 and 20 g/kg soil, all green manures substantially lowered nematode numbers and there were significant treatment effects at both application rates. However, treatment effect was not closely related to estimated addition of glucosinolate, which ranged from 8 to 46 nM/g soil. When J2 were exposed to volatiles from rewetted freeze-dried brassica tissue in sealed dishes in the absence of soil, there was evidence of a relation between effect and glucosinolate dose, estimated to be equivalent to a range of 1 to 40 nM/g soil. Egg production on 25 brassica crops was investigated to assess the scope for selection of crops that support less nematode reproduction. M. javanica produced more eggs on tomato (cv. Grosse Lisse) than on most of the brassicas, although egg production on Polybra fodder turnip was not significantly lower than on tomato. However, egg production was substantial on all but four of the brassicas. Egg production was low on Adagio, SCO 7024, Nemex and Pegletta oilseed radishes, cultivars bred in Europe to resist beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii). Egg production was not related to innate total root glucosinolate concentrations of cultivars as measured 3 months after sowing. Nor was there a connection between higher concentration of the dominant glucosinolates (progoitrin [2-hydroxy-3-butenyl], glucobrassicanapin [4-pentenyl] and gluconasturtiin [2-phenylethyl]) and low egg production. Very low egg production on Adagio oilseed radish was associated with the presence of dehydroerucin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl). It is concluded that mechanisms other than glucosinolate-derived toxicity are important in the antinematode activity of brassica-leaf green manures and cultivars. The results indicate that there is little scope for selecting very low egg producing crops from amongst the brassica crops currently available for use as inter-row crops in vineyards. The role of glucosinolate derivatives in relation to resistance to Meloidogyne is discussed. Die Wirkung von Grundungern aus Brassicaceenblattern und von Brassicaceenanbau auf die Aktivitat und Vermehrung von Meloidogyne javanica - Grundunger (zerkleinerte Blatter) von 15 verschiedenen Brassicaceen, die moglicherweise brauchbbar fur einen Anbau swischen den Rebzeilen von Weinbergen waren, wurden in mit Juvenilen (J2) des Wurzelgallennematoden Meloidogyne javanica versetzte Boden eingearbeitet, um ihre Aktivitat gegen Nematoden vergleichend zu untersuchen. In Aufwandmengen von 10 und 20 g/kg Boden verminderten alle Grundunger die Anzabhl der Nematoden erheblich. Bei beiden Aufwandmengen gab es signifikante Behandlungswirkungen. Diese Wirkungen waren aber nicht eng mit der geschatzten Zugabe von Glucosinolat verbunden, die zwischen 8 und 46 nM/g Boden lag. Wenn J2 in verschlossenen Schalen ohne Boden den fluchtigen Stoffen ausgesetzt wurden, die von wieder angefeuchteten, gefriergetrockneten Brassicageweben abgegeben wurden, ergaben sich Hinweise auf eine Beziehung zwischen Wirkung und Glucosinolatkonzentration, die einem geschatzten Gehalt von 1 zu 40 nM/g Boden entsprach. Um die Moglichkeiten einer Selektion von Pflanzen zu prufen, die eine geringere Nematodenvermehrung bewirkten, wurde die Eiproduktion der Nematoden an 25 Brassicaceen untersucht. M. javanica produzierte and Tomate (Sorte Grosse Lisse) mehr Eier als an den meisten Brassicaceen, wobei die Eiproduktion an Polybra-Futterkohlruben nicht signifikant geringer war als an Tomate. Insgesamt war die Eiproduktion an allen Brassicaceen betrachtlich mit Ausnahme der Olrettichsorten Adagio, SCO 7024, Nemex und Pegletta, die in Europa auf Resistenz gegen den Rubennematoden (Heterodera schachtii) gezuchtet wurden. Die Eiproduktion stand nicht in Beziehung zu den genetisch bedingten Gesamtgehalten an Glucosinolaten in den Wurzeln, die 3 Monate nach der Aussaat bestimmt wurden. Ebensowenig bestand eine Verbindung zwischen der niedrigen Eiproduktion und der hoheren Konzentration der vorherrschenden Glucosinolate (Progoitrin [2-hydroxy-3-butanyl], Glucobrassicanapin [4-pentenyl] und Gluconasturtiin [2-phenylethyl]). Die sehr geringe Eiproduktion an dem Olrettich Adagio war verknupft mit dem Vorhandensein von Dehydroerucin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl). Daraus wird geschlossen, dass andere Mechanismen als die auf Glucosinolat beruhende Toxizitat entscheidend sind bei der Antinematodenwirkung von Blatt-Grundungern un Pflanzen von Brassicaceen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nur geringe Aussichten bestehen, aus den zur Zeit als Kulturen zwischen Weinbergszeilen zur Verfugung stehenden Brassicaceen Pflanzen mit einer sehr geringen Eiproduktion der Nematoden zu selektieren. Die Rolle der Glucosinolatabkommlinge in Bezug auf eine Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne wird diskutiert.


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