scholarly journals Characterization of Mexican Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by Using Differential Cultivars and Molecular Markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario González ◽  
Raul Rodríguez ◽  
Maria Elena Zavala ◽  
Juan L. Jacobo ◽  
Fernando Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Bean Anthracnose

Differential cultivars and molecular markers were used to analyze 59 isolates of the bean anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, from different regions of Mexico. Ten distinct races were determined, three of which had not been reported previously in Mexico. Isolates were found to infect only a narrow range of the differential cultivars used and were restricted to cultivars of Middle American origin. A comparison of random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses was carried out on a subset of the fungal isolates. Determination of genetic distances based on AFLP data and production of a dendrogram demonstrated two levels of association: i) isolates classified into two major groups according to the type of cultivar or system of cultivation from which they originated, and ii) isolates could be classified into smaller subgroups generally associated with the geographic location from which they were obtained. Bootstrap analysis and determination of confidence intervals showed these geographic groupings to be extremely robust.

scholarly journals Identification of Races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum with the Aid of PCR-Based Molecular Markers

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1084-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. G. Mesquita ◽  
T. J. Paula ◽  
M. A. Moreira ◽  
E. G. de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bulked Dna ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Inoculation of a common bean differential series is the usual method for identification of races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. This procedure is extremely useful for phytopathological as well as breeding purposes, but it requires strict control of the number of spores and incubation conditions. Furthermore, this method may result in misclassifications of isolates because of the subjectivity of symptom evaluation. We propose the use of DNA-based molecular markers as an auxiliary tool to aid the classification of races of C. lindemuthianum. Specific DNA bands were identified for races 73, 65, and 64 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of bulked DNA samples from isolates of these three races with random primers. The presence of these bands was checked on four isolates previously classified by inoculation on a differential series as belonging to races 23, 72, 79, and 585. The molecular procedure showed that two of these isolates had been misclassified, confirming the high potential of the proposed procedure to aid the identification of races of C. lindemuthianum. Amplification products obtained with 44 different primers also allowed the determination of the genetic distances among isolates from races 73, 65, and 64. These data were used to cluster the isolates into three groups that coincide with the ones obtained by inoculation.

scholarly journals Bulked Segregant Analysis Identifies Molecular Markers Linked to Melampsora medusae Resistance in Populus deltoides

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Tabor ◽  
T. L. Kubisiak ◽  
N. B. Klopfenstein ◽  
R. B. Hall ◽  
H. S. McNabb McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
The North ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
Central United States

In the north central United States, leaf rust caused by Melampsora medusae is a major disease problem on Populus deltoides. In this study we identified molecular markers linked to a M. medusae resistance locus (Lrd1) that was segregating 1:1 within an intraspecific P. deltoides family (C9425DD). Previous field results were confirmed in the controlled environment of a growth chamber through an excised whole-leaf inoculation method. Using bulked segregant analysis we identified two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (OPG10340 and OPZ191800) that are linked to Lrd1. Based on segregation in a total of 116 progeny, the genetic distances between OPG10340 and OPZ191800 and the resistance locus were estimated as 2.6 and 7.4 Haldane centimorgans (cM), respectively. Multipoint linkage analyses strongly suggest the most likely order for these loci is Lrd1, OPG10340, and OPZ191800. These markers may prove to be instrumental in the eventual cloning of Lrd1, as well as for marker-assisted selection of leaf-rust resistant genotypes.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Moses J. Kiryowa ◽  
Aston Ebinu ◽  
Vincent Kyaligonza ◽  
Stanley T. Nkalubo ◽  
Pamela Paparu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a highly variable pathogen of common beans that easily overcomes resistance in cultivars bred with single-gene resistance. To determine pathogenic variability of the pathogen in Uganda, samples of common bean tissues with anthracnose symptoms were collected in eight districts of Uganda, namely Kabarole, Sironko, Mbale, Oyam, Lira, Kapchorwa, Maracha and Kisoro. 51 isolates sporulated successfully on Potato Dextrose Agar and Mathur’s media and were used to inoculate 12 differential cultivars under controlled conditions. Five plants per cultivar were inoculated with each isolate and then evaluated for their reaction using the 1 – 9 severity scale. Races were classified using the binary nomenclature system proposed by Pastor Corrales (1991). Variation due to cultivar and isolate effects was significant (P≤0.001) for severity. The 51 isolates from eight districts grouped into 27 different races. Sironko district had the highest number of races followed by Mbale and Kabarole. Races 2047 and 4095 were the most frequently found, each with 10 isolates grouped under them. Race 4095 was the most virulent since it caused a susceptible (S) reaction on all 12 differential cultivars and the susceptible check. This was followed by races 2479, 2047 and 2045 respectively. Two races, 4094 and 2479, caused a susceptible reaction on the differential cultivar G2333, which nevertheless, showed the most broad spectrum resistance followed by cultivars Cornell 49-242, TU, and AB136 respectively. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding programs aiming at breeding for broad spectrum resistance to bean anthracnose in Uganda.

scholarly journals Virulence and Molecular Diversity in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from South, Central, and North America

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Balardin ◽  
A. M. Jarosz ◽  
J. D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Molecular Polymorphism ◽  
South Central ◽  
Differential Cultivars

Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (138 total) from Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, and the United States were characterized into 41 races based on virulence to 12 differential cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. These 41 races were categorized into two groups: those found over a wide geographic area and those restricted to a single country. Races 7, 65, and 73 were widespread. Race 73 was the most common (28%). Race 7 was found once in Argentina and Mexico but at a higher frequency in the United States. Race 65 was found repeatedly in Brazil and the United States. Although 39% of the races were detected repeatedly and three races were widespread, no race was isolated from both P. vulgaris gene pools. Phenetic analyses showed no obvious patterns correlated with virulence clusters. No geographic pattern was evident. Molecular polymorphism generated by random amplified polymorphic DNA confirmed the extensive variability in virulence of C. lindemuthianum. Virulence phenotypes were grouped into 15 clusters. The two largest clusters contained isolates from all the geographic regions sampled. Molecular polymorphism was observed among isolates from races 65 and 73 within and among countries, except among Bra-zilian isolates of race 65. The genetic diversity of C. lindemuthianum was greatest in Mexico and Honduras. Our data suggest that C. lindemuthianum may not be highly structured to specific Phaseolus gene pools.

scholarly journals Separation of the genera in the subtribe Cassiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioidae) using molecular markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikanta Acharya ◽  
Arup Kumar Mukherjee ◽  
Pratap Chandra Panda
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Issr Primers

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato into three distinct genera namely Chamaecrista Moench., Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. sensostricto Eighteen representatives of the three taxa were characterized using the molecular markers. 25 RAPD, six ISSR primers and six AFLP primer combinations resulted in the amplification of 612, 115 and 622 bands (loci) respectively. Most of the loci are found to be polymorphic, showing high degrees of genetic diversity among the different taxa studied. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD, ISSR and AFLP data using SHAN clustering, divided Cassia L. senso lato. into three different clusters as Chamaecrista Moench. Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. senso stricto High bootstrap value revealed that all the clusters were stable and robust. It was observed from the present investigation that these genera have their identity at molecular level, which supports the elevation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato to the level of subtribe Cassiinae and segregation into three distinct genera instead of intrageneric categories.

scholarly journals Co-evolution model of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (melanconiaceae, melanconiales) races that occur in some Brazilian regions

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros ◽  
Maurílio Alves Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Binary Classification ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level ◽  
Virulence Diversity

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), displays a high level of virulence diversity, which explains the large number of existing pathotypes. Several lines of evidence indicate that such diversity is, at least in part, due to plant and pathogen co-evolution. A co-evolution model based on the binary classification of 25 races identified in Brazil by inoculation of differential cultivars and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data is proposed. In this model, races 8 and 64 that infected bean cultivar Cornell 49-242 (Are gene) and Mexico 222 (Mexico I gene) are considered to be sources of two important evolutionary routes. Inferences about undescribed races from Brazil could be made.

scholarly journals 230 MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR EARLY DETERMINATION OF SEX OF PISTACHIO SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 462d-462
Author(s):  
J.I. Hormaza ◽  
L. Dollo ◽  
V.S. Polito
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to develop molecular markers linked to sex expression in Pistacia vera, a dioecious species. Progenies from two female parents (`Lassen' and `Kerman') pollinated by a common male parent (`Peters') were studied. Two bulks of DNA were made in each cross, one from males and one from females. DNA was extracted from each bulked sample as well as from each of the contributing individuals and from 14 additional P. vera cultivars. Twelve hundred decamer oligonucleotide primers were used to perform DNA amplification on the bulk DNA. This analysis led to the identification of one primer (OPO08) that produces a 945 bp. amplification band present only in females and absent in males. The relationship between band presence and female sex expression was conserved in every individual obtained from the two crosses and in 14 cultivars unrelated to the crosses. This band, which we propose is tightly linked to the gene(s) controlling sex determination, provides a reliable marker for sex of pistachio seedlings and should be a useful tool in pistachio breeding.

Genetic diversity and molecular markers of five snapper species

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Liu Chu-Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractIn order to protect and develop valuable snappers (Lutjanus spp.), genetic diversity and molecular markers of five species (Lutjanus vitta, L. fulvus, L. fulviflamma, L. sebae and L. stellatus) were detected and analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) techniques. The polymorphic loci ratio (P) (86.00–92.11%), the mean intraspecies genetic distances (D) (0.1775–0.3431) and the intraspecies genetic diversity indexes (Hi) (0.1022–0.1634) were calculated using the RAPD technique. The genetic diversities of L. fulviflamma and L. vitta were richest in terms of P, and D and Hi, respectively. The results of SSR showed that low effective numbers of alleles (1.7893–3.6591), medium average heterozygosities (0.332–0.676) and medium polymorphism information contents (PIC) (0.302–0.641) occurred in five species of snappers, indicating comparatively rich genetic diversity among these fish. Nine molecular markers in the products amplified by primers OPA8 and OPP10, and six molecular markers in 11 microsatellite loci were found to be useful as specific markers to identify five species of snappers. Two neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrograms based on the results of RAPD and SSR suggested that L. stellatus and L. sebae are closely related and clustered in one branch, with L. vitta, L. fulviflamma and L. fulvus in the other.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and diversity among three Greek sheep breeds using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MASTRANESTASIS (Ι. ΜΑΣΤΡΑΝΕΣΤΑΣΗΣ) ◽  
Ch. LIGDA (Χρ. ΛΙΓΔΑ) ◽  
K. THEODOROU (Κ. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ) ◽  
L. V. EKATERINIADOU (Λ.Β. ΑΙΚΑΤΕΡΙΝΙΑΔΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

Genetic structure and diversity of 120 animals from three Greek local breeds were investigated by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) - PCR method. Sheep samples originated from the Lesvos, Chios and Karagouniko breeds were treated with 11 random primers to estimate their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Our analysis comprised two levels of the breeds' genetic structure: i) the genetic differentiation among the three breeds and ii) the genetic differentiation among the flocks within each breed. This combined approach gave two main findings: i) the study of genetic distances and identity revealed that the Karagouniko sheep breed is genetically distinct from Chios (GD=0.1979) and Lesvos (GD=0.1691) breeds, while ii) the Chios and Lesvos breeds are genetically similar (GI=0.9631); half of the flocks of Lesvos have a relatively closer relationship with those of Chios than with the other Lesvos flocks. This is the first study that reports the close genetic relationship between the Chios and Lesvos breeds and gives strong evidence to hypotheses about their related origin. Furthermore, the study of polymorphic loci revealed particular indicators located in Karagouniko breed, as definitional datum of genetic identity or as a fingerprint of breed. Therefore, RAPD-DNA methods can be an efficient tool for the determination of phylogenetic relationships and genetic identity among the bloodstock breed of sheep.

Phenotypic and molecular determination of anthracnose disease resistance in Lake Van Basin’s bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aytekin EKINCIALP ◽  
Suat SENSOY
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
A Value ◽  
Lake Van Basin ◽  
Bean Genotype ◽  
Resistance Markers

In this study, the resistance levels to anthracnose disease [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Lambs. Scrib.] of 92 bean genotypes collected from different parts of the Lake Van Basin were investigated by artificial inoculation and molecular markers. The resistance levels of bean genotypes to the isolate 11# of anthracnose disease were determined by classical inoculation method in a climate chamber condition, and the presence of resistance gene related markers in bean genotypes was determined by using four SCAR primers [SAS13 (950 bp, Co-42), SC08 (910 bp, Co-4), SF10 (1072 bp, Co-10), SZ04 (567 bp, Co-6)] and one RAPD [OA181500 (1500 bp, Co-15)] primer. In the artificial inoculation, the bean genotypes were evaluated according to the 0-9 scale, and the four of them having a value between 0 and 3 were found as resistant to this isolate of anthracnose, but the rest of them having a value between 4 and 9 were determined as sensitive. With molecular markers, it was found that the 82 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-42 allele; the 54 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-4 allele; the 6 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-10 allele; the 36 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-6 allele; and the 15 bean genotypes had the resistant Co-15 allele. The only bean genotype having all resistance markers was the genotype G81, whereas the bean genotypes G27, G28, G40, G76, and G86 had no resistance associated molecular markers.

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