scholarly journals Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Identification of Single Individuals of the Longidorid Nematodes Xiphinema index, X. diversicaudatum, X. vuittenezi, and X. italiae Using Specific Primers from Ribosomal Genes

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Wang ◽  
Nathalie Bosselut ◽  
Chantal Castagnone ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Pierre Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Identification ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Internal Sense

The species X. index, X. diversicaudatum, X. vuittenezi, and X. italiae are established (E) or putative (P) vectors of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) (E), Arabis mosaic virus (E), Grapevine chrome mosaic virus (P), and GFLV (P) nepoviruses of grapevine, respectively. All four species are very closely related taxonomically and their low field densities make them difficult to identify from morphological and morphometrical diagnostic characters when only single or few individuals are detected. To improve diagnostic accuracy, a simple method was developed. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region spanning the 18S and 5.8S ribosomal genes was sequenced in one population of each species using two conserved primers from these genes. The ITS1 fragments were 1,132 bp (X. vuittenezi), 1,153 bp (X. index), 1,175 bp (X. diversicaudatum), and 1,190 bp (X. italiae), i.e., a difference of over 5% between the extremes. The sequence variability made it possible to design species-specific internal sense primers that amplified, in combination with the same antisense ITS1 primer, a single signature fragment (340 bp for X. index, 414 bp for X. italiae, 591 bp for X. vuittenezi, and 813 bp for X. diversicaudatum). Tests with DNA from a single adult or juvenile nematode confirmed the specificity of the primers from diverse isolates or populations. The primers were successfully used in a multiplex test for the reliable detection of two to four mixed species, each represented by a single individual. This multiplex-based diagnostic tool will be particularly useful for successful nematode management practices in vineyards.

scholarly journals Are Semi-Quantitative Clinical Cultures Inadequate? Comparison to Quantitative Analysis of 1053 Bacterial Isolates from 350 Wounds

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Serena ◽  
Philip G. Bowler ◽  
Gregory S. Schultz ◽  
Anna D’souza ◽  
Monique Y. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Quantitative Culture ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Point Of Care Technology ◽  
Care Technology

Early awareness and management of bacterial burden and biofilm is essential to wound healing. Semi-quantitative analysis of swab or biopsy samples is a relatively simple method for measuring wound microbial load. The accuracy of semi-quantitative culture analysis was compared to ‘gold standard’ quantitative culture analysis using 428 tissue biopsies from 350 chronic wounds. Semi-quantitative results, obtained by serial dilution of biopsy homogenates streaked onto culture plates divided into 4 quadrants representing occasional, light, moderate, and heavy growth, were compared to total bacterial load quantified as colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g). Light growth, typically considered an insignificant finding, averaged a clinically significant 2.5 × 105 CFU/g (SE = 6.3 × 104 CFU/g). Occasional growth (range: 102–106 CFU/g) and light growth (103–107 CFU/g) corresponded to quantitative values that spanned a 5-log range; moderate and heavy growth corresponded to a range of 4-log and 6-log, respectively, with a high degree of overlap in range of CFU/g per category. Since tissue biopsy and quantitative culture cannot be widely practiced and semi-quantitative analysis is unreliable, other clinically relevant approaches are required to determine wound bioburden and guide best management practices. Fluorescence imaging is a point-of-care technology that offers great potential in this field.

scholarly journals Identification, Characterization, and Molecular Detection of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Potato

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Xu ◽  
J. Nie
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Alignment

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected in potato fields in several provinces in Canada and characterized by bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The identity of eight Canadian potato AMV isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein (CP) gene. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these eight AMV potato isolates fell into one strain group, whereas a slight difference between Ca175 and the other Canadian AMV isolates was revealed. The Canadian AMV isolates, except Ca175, clustered together among other strains based on alignment of the CP gene sequence. To detect the virus, a pair of primers, AMV-F and AMV-R, specific to the AMV CP gene, was designed based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of known AMV strains. Evaluations showed that RT-PCR using this primer set was specific and sensitive for detecting AMV in potato leaf and tuber samples. AMV RNAs were easily detected in composite samples of 400 to 800 potato leaves or 200 to 400 tubers. Restriction analysis of PCR amplicons with SacI was a simple method for the confirmation of PCR tests. Thus, RT-PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis may be a useful approach for screening potato samples on a large scale for the presence of AMV.

Catalytic Properties of Hairpin Ribozymes Derived from Chicory Yellow Mottle Virus and Arabis Mosaic Virus Satellite RNAs

Biochemistry ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (48) ◽  
pp. 15785-15791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth DeYoung ◽  
Andrew M. Siwkowski ◽  
Ying Lian ◽  
Arnold Hampel
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mottle ◽  
Satellite Rnas ◽  
Hairpin Ribozymes

Uninstantiability

Semiotica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (208) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
John Deely
Keyword(s):  
Concept Formation ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Animal Knowledge ◽  
Triadic Relation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Internal Sense ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
Modern Sense ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractJohn Poinsot (1589–1644), aka Joannes a Sancto Thoma, was the first of St Thomas’ followers among the Latins to demonstrate that the origins of animal knowledge in sensation is already – from the first – a matter of the action of signs. This action, “semiosis,” results in the formation of an irreducibly triadic relation apart from which there is no awareness at all on the part of animals. At the level of internal sense, and then again at the level of intellect (the two having in common dependency upon concept-formation in order to interpret the data provided by sensation), Poinsot shows how the concept serves to make objects known only by serving as the foundation for relations which, exactly as those in sensation, exhibit an irreducibly triadic character, with only this difference: that, whereas the triadic relations of sensation are directly founded upon or “provenate from” species impressa (stimulation of sense powers in bodily interaction with the surroundings) determining the external sense powers, the triadic relations of perceptual and intellectual awareness have as their immediate foundations or “sources of provenation” species expressae (“ideas” or concepts) actively formed by the cognitive powers of memory, imagination, estimation, and intellect. Being relations, all of these triadic relations exhibit no direct instantiation as signate matter, and it is this which makes them only indirectly knowable to sense powers. Intellect, by contrast, in being able to know relations precisely in their difference from related objects and things, manifests the species-specific distinctness of human animals in being able to construct and to know and to communicate about objects – beginning with relations – which admit of no direct sensory instantiation. The purpose of this paper is to show how the ability of the human mind to consider objects which admit of no direct instantiation in sense perception is what distinguishes the human being as “semiotic animal” from what the Latins identified as “brute animals,” not because brutes (the “alloanimals,” to use a term from late modern anthropology) are not “rational” in the modern sense of being able creatively to work through problems (indeed they are rational in this sense!), but because human animals are not confined to the consideration of objects as perceptually instantiable.

Arabis mosaic virus. [Distribution map].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe ◽  
Xiphinema Diversicaudatum

Abstract A new ditribution map is provided for Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV; Comoviridae: Nepovirus). It has a wide host range. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Ukraine), Asia (China, India, Himachal Pradesh, Iran, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey), Africa (South Africa), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Connecticut, Florida, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska and South Carolina), South America (Chile) and Oceania (Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and New Zealand). The main vector of ArMV is the nematode Xiphinema diversicaudatum. Other dorylaimid nematodes may also be vectors. ArMV is also seed-transmitted.

Arabis mosaic virus. [Distribution map].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Arabis mosaic virus. Picornavirales: Secoviridae: Nepovirus. Hosts: extensive host range. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Irish republic, Italy, Mainland Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Russian Far East, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Ukraine), Asia (China, India, Himachal Pradesh, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey), Africa (Egypt and South Africa), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio and South Carolina), South America (Chile), Oceania (Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and New Zealand).

scholarly journals Counter immunoelectrophoresis: a simple method for the detection of species-specific muscle proteins in heat-processed products

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Necidová ◽  
E. Renová ◽  
I. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Species Specific

Counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was used for the detection of species-specific muscle proteins in food products. This technique allowed the detection of pork, beef, poultry, or and kangaroo meats in heat-processed products at concentrations below 1.5%. CIE is based on the use of species-specific polyclonal antibodies prepared by immunisation of rabbits with heat-stable antigens extracted from visibly fat-free muscular tissue heated to 75°C, 100°C, or 120°C for 30 minutes. Adulterations in terms of declared product compositions were demonstrated by this method in 7 of the 50 tested commercial products.

Transmission of the hop strain of arabis mosaic virus by Xiphinema diversicaudatum

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. VALDEZ ◽  
D. G. McNAMARA ◽  
P. J. ORMEROD ◽  
R. S. PITCHER ◽  
J. M. THRESH
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Xiphinema Diversicaudatum
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