scholarly journals Plum Pox in North America: Identification of Aphid Vectors and a Potential Role for Fruit in Virus Spread

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Gildow ◽  
Vern Damsteegt ◽  
Andrew Stone ◽  
William Schneider ◽  
Douglas Luster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit Pennsylvania isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) collected in Columbia (PENN-3), Franklin (PENN-4), and York (PENN-7) Counties, PA. Four species, Aphis fabae, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus persicae, and Myzus persicae, consistently transmitted PPV in preliminary transmission tests. Two species, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. Toxoptera citricida, from Florida, also was an effective vector but it does not occur in major stone-fruit-growing states. Species not transmitting PPV in parallel tests included Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Sitobion avenae. When given a 3-day probing access period simultaneously on PPV-infected peach seedlings and healthy peach seedlings, Myzus persicae, Aphis spiraecola, A. fabae, and B. persicae transmitted PPV to 63, 31, 38, and 32% of the healthy peach seedlings, respectively. When given a similar probing period on PPV-infected peach fruit and healthy peach seedlings, the same aphid species transmitted PPV to 50, 35, 0, and 0% of seedlings, respectively. Results support the hypothesis of secondary PPV spread by indigenous aphids in Pennsylvania, and suggest that PPV-infected fruit has the potential to function as a virus source for long-distance dispersal.

scholarly journals Diversity of aphid pests on the crops in Kanchanpur district, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Mahadev Bista
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Different Parts

A survey was conducted to explore the aphid pests’ diversity in Kanchanpur district, far-western, Nepal from April 2018 to March 2019. A total of 15 aphid pests were collected and identified, viz. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Aphis craccivora (Koch), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Aphis fabae (Scopoli), Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Lipaphis erysmi (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), Rhopalosiphum rufiadominale (Sasaki), Uroleucon compositae (Theobald), and the guava aphid. Exploration of aphid pests showed that they caused serious damages to agricultural crops by attacking different parts of plants.

Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and the incidence of virus yellows on insecticide-free sugarbeet in south-eastern England in 1978-81

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Thornhill ◽  
G. D. Heathcote
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Syrphid Larvae ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractThe populations of the most common aphid species on sugarbeet, and their principal predators, were monitored on insecticide-free study areas of the crop in south-eastern England in 1978–81. The peak populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) varied considerably in size from year to year and were related to the severity of the previous winter. Those of Aphis fabae fabae Scopoli, which occurred slightly later in the season, also varied greatly in size but were not strongly linked to winter temperatures. The sizes of the peak populations of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) were similar each year. The annual variation in the level of infection by virus yellows reflected the peak populations of Myzus persicae and not those of the other aphid species. Coccinellids first appeared in the sugarbeet each year in mid-late June, as the aphid populations were developing, and their peak populations did not vary greatly from year to year. Syrphid larvae appeared later in the season than coccinellids, and their numbers seemed closely linked to those of A. f. fabae. Anystid mites were observed on most count dates in all years. The implications of the findings of the study for control of aphids and virus yellows are discussed.

Plum pox virus (Sharka).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vern Damsteegt
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Abstract Plum pox virus disease (Sharka) is one of the most destructive diseases of stone fruits. The causal agent, Plum pox virus (PPV) is easily transmitted by many aphid species in a non-persistent manner, by manmade grafting (nursery trade), and has a very wide host range among Prunus species. Infected plants may not show symptoms for several months and symptoms are often transient in appearance. The disease symptoms are often mistaken for other maladies and the virus can become established before the first recognition of the disease. Although spread is difficult to control within a local area because of aphid vectors, the long distance spread can be controlled by strict quarantine regulations and use of virus-free certified nursery stock.

EFFECTS OF THE CHEMOSTERILANT THIOTEPA ON THE SEXUPARAE AND SEXUALES OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-217
Author(s):  
M. L. Sharma ◽  
L. M. Thériault
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Partial Sterility

Several chemosterilants have been tested against insects (Borkovec 1966). As a result, a total or partial sterility and decrease in fecundity have been noticed in several insects. Amongst Aphididae, Brevicoryne brassicae L., Myzus persicae Sulzer, Aphis fabae Scop., Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) have been tested to determine the effects of chemosterilants like tepa, thiotepa, and metepa (Bonnemaison 1966; Bhalla and Robinson 1966, 1968; Chawla et al. 1973, 1974; Sharma et al. 1980; Steffan and Stüben 1976). In all previous work, either viviparae or their nymphal instars were the object of chemosterilant treatment and up to 95% reduction in fecundity was observed. Nothing to date has been described on the effect of chemosterilants on the sexuparae or sexuales of Aphididae. To continue with the results obtained by Sharma and Thériault (1980) and Sharma et al. (1980) on the viviparae, this paper describes the effects of 0.5% thiotepa [Tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulphide] on sexuparae of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and their progeny.

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Population Growths of Three Cereal Aphid Species on Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jarošík ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
A. Tichopád
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Population growths of three aphid species colonising winter wheat stands, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, were analysed by regression method. The calculations were based on counts in 268 winter wheat plots at 3 or 7 day intervals over 10 (leaves) or 6 (ears) years. The population dynamics of a particular species differed widely between years. Density independent exponential growth of the population was most common, but its rate differed significantly between species, and for S. avenae also between populations on leaves and ears, on which the populations grew fastest. Field estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase derived from the exponential growths ranged between 0.010–0.026 in M. dirhodum, 0.0071–0.011 in R. padi, and between 0.00078–0.0061 and 0.0015–0.13 in S. avenae on leaves and ears, respectively. In the populations with the most vigorous population growth, S. avenae on ears and M. dirhodum on leaves, the rate of population increase significantly decreased with increasing aphid density.  

Application of the FAO-recommended method for detecting insecticide resistance in Aphis jabae Scopoli, Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Stribley ◽  
G. D. MOORES ◽  
A. L. DEVONSHIRE ◽  
R. M. SAWICKI
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dip Test

AbstractBaseline toxicity measurements established discriminating concentrations of pirimicarb and demeton-S-methyl guaranteed to kill susceptible examples of Aphis fabae Scop., Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in the dip-test, the FAO-recommended method for detecting resistance in aphids. There was no evidence for resistance to either insecticide in field-collected populations of aphids from various parts of the UK or amongst variants of S. avenae characterised by staining their esterases after electrophoresis. New, simple techniques for rearing large numbers of colonies of cereal aphids are described.

The role of the color of the substratum on the initiation of the probing behavior in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Probing Behavior

Twenty-five colors were evaluated for their effect on the initiation of probing behavior in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The proportion of aphids of both species initiating probing behavior was maximum on green, yellow, or orange and lowest on purple, blue, white, or black. The time taken by individual aphids to begin probing was shorter for M. persicae than for M. euphorbiae but was essentially unaffected by colors. A larger proportion of both aphid species probed on the lower surface of potato (var. Kathadin) leaflet compared with the upper surface. The proportion of aphids initiating probing was the same on the lower surface of a potato leaf and on paper similar in color, indicating that the color of the substratum is determinant in the initiation of feeding for those aphids.

scholarly journals Epiphytic strains of Pseudomonas syringae kill diverse aphid species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Smee ◽  
Imperio Real-Ramirez ◽  
Catalina Zuluaga Arias ◽  
Tory A. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Epiphytic Bacteria

Interactions between epiphytic bacteria and herbivorous insects are ubiquitous on plants, but little is known about their ecological implications. Aphids are devastating crop pests worldwide, and so understanding how epiphytic bacteria impact aphid populations is critically important. Recent evidence demonstrates that plant-associated bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae, can be highly virulent to one species of aphid, the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Yet currently we have no knowledge on how broad this phenomenon is across diverse aphid species that are of high agricultural concern. In controlled experiments using oral exposure in artificial diet, we challenged five aphid species of agricultural importance with three strains of P. syringae that vary in virulence to the pea aphid. These strains also vary in epiphytic ability and comprise two phytopathogens and one non-plant pathogenic strain. In general, differences in virulence to aphids remained relatively constant across strains regardless of the aphid species, except for the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) which is significantly less susceptible to two P. syringae strains. We demonstrate that lower infection incidence likely plays a role in the reduced susceptibility. Importantly, these data support previous results showing that interactions with epiphytic bacteria are important for aphids and may play a large, but underappreciated, role in insect population dynamics. Our study illustrates a potential role of epiphytic bacteria in the biological control of aphid pests broadly, but suggests the need for more research encompassing a greater diversity of pest species. Importance Sap-sucking aphids are insects of huge agricultural concern, not only because of direct damage caused by feeding, but also because of their ability to transmit various plant pathogens. Some bacteria that grow on leaf surfaces, such as Pseudomonas syringae, can infect and kill aphids, making them potentially useful in biological control of pest aphids. However, only one aphid species, the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) has been tested for infection by P. syringae. Here we challenged five aphid species of agricultural importance with three strains of P. syringae that vary in virulence to the pea aphid. We found that four of these aphid species were susceptible to infection and death, suggesting that these bacteria could be broadly useful for biological control. However, one aphid species was much more resistant to infection, indicating that more testing on diverse aphid species is needed.

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