scholarly journals Validation of Radioimmunoassays for Two Salmon Gonadotropins (GTH I and GTH II) and Their Plasma Concentrations Throughout the Reproductive Cycle in Male and Female Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1375-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Prat ◽  
John P. Sumpter ◽  
Charles R. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Oxolinic Acid in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Kleinow ◽  
Herman H. Jarboe ◽  
Kathy E. Shoemaker ◽  
Kevin J. Greenless
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Oxolinic Acid ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Elimination Half

The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and disposition of oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone antibacterial drug, were examined in a warmwater (channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)) and coldwater fish species (rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)). Studies were performed at 24 and 14 °C for catfish and at 14 °C for trout to compare temperature- and species-related differences. Analysis of OA pharmacokinetics when determined by HPLC provided elimination half-life [Formula: see text], volume of distribution (Vss), and clearance (Clb) estimates for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout of 40.9, 69.3, and 81.3 h, 939, 880, and 1817 mL/kg, and 16.3, 8.9, and 16.9 mL∙kg∙h−1, respectively. Following oral administration, OA plasma concentrations peaked between 8 and 24 h for all treatments; however, 14 °C trout and 14 °C catfish sustained peak concentrations for a longer duration than 24 °C catfish. Oral OA bioavailabilities were 56.0, 91.8, and 90.7% for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively. OA distribution data for muscle of 14 °C catfish demonstrated an inordinately high peak concentration and delayed time to peak relative to other treatments. Elimination half-lives of OA in muscle were 33.1, 54.3, and 141 h for 24 °C catfish, 14 °C catfish, and 14 °C trout, respectively.

Effects of stress on plasma homeostasis, endolymph chemistry, and check formation during otolith growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Payan ◽  
H De Pontual ◽  
A Edeyer ◽  
G Borelli ◽  
G Boeuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Different Levels

This is the first study in which the effects of an external stress were analysed at different levels: plasma ho meostasis, endolymph chemistry, and otolith growth. Stress was applied to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by exposure to Cl2 gas. In the plasma of Cl2-stressed trout, Na+ and Cl– decreased (70 mmol·L–1) and K+ increased (2.0 mmol·L–1), whereas total Ca was unchanged. A slight hypercapny (+2.4 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa)) was observed related to a significant rise (40%) in total CO2 without pH variation. In the endolymph, Na+ and Cl– also decreased, whereas other parameters (K+, PO43–, Mg, and, peculiarly, total Ca) remained stable. The important effect provoked by Cl2 stress in endolymph was an increase of proteins (factor of 2.6) and total CO2 (factor of 3.1) concentrations at the proximal side of the endolymph. The stress induced a decrease in otolith growth rate and produced a discontinuity (check) in the microstructure pattern of the otolith characterized by a large D zone. The variations in the endolymph composition are discussed and we propose that they result not only from changes in plasma concentrations, but also from changes (organic and crystallization) in otolith deposition.

Protective effects of calcium against the physiological effects of exposure to a combination of cadmium and copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G Richards ◽  
Richard C Playle
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

We report that an elevated aqueous calcium (Ca) concentration protects against acute respiratory and osmoregulatory action due to exposure to a combination of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but does not protect against longer term ionoregulatory disruption. Trout exposed to 0.18 µM Cd and 0.80 µM Cu in soft water (40 µM Ca, 440 µM Na, pH 6.6) experienced a 60-torr decrease in arterial oxygen tension, a 5.5 mM increase in blood lactate concentration, and severe haemoconcentration as indicated by a 1.4-fold decrease in mean cell haemoglobin concentration, all of which occurred within 24 h. The addition of Ca to soft water (to reach 910 µM Ca, added as CaCl2; 430 µM Na, pH 6.8) eliminated these severe effects and slowed Cd uptake by the gills, plasma, and liver of trout, probably through competition for binding at gill Ca channels, but Ca did not affect Cu uptake by the gills or its entry into the plasma. Associated with slower Cd accumulation and unchanged Cu accumulation in the plasma were slow decreases in plasma concentrations of Na, Cl, and Ca, which were prevented initially by adding Ca to the water. Modelling using a modified aqueous chemistry computer program, MINEQL+, and previously published gill binding constants accurately simulated the initial (18 h) accumulation of Cd and Cu by trout gills and thus predicted acute toxicity, but our model did not adequately simulate the physiological mechanisms of Cd accumulation by trout gills over longer exposures up to 130 h.

Natural and commercial dissolved organic matter protects against the physiological effects of a combined cadmium and copper exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G Richards ◽  
B Kent Burnison ◽  
Richard C Playle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Environmentally realistic concentrations of a natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) (8 mg C/L as dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) protected against the acute respiratory and ionoregulatory effects of 0.2 µM Cd and 0.8 µM Cu on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The protection afforded by low natural DOC was the same as that afforded by similar or higher concentrations of commercial DOC. Trout exposed to the metals alone experienced large decreases in arterial PO2, increases in arterial PCO2, increases in blood lactate, decreases in plasma concentrations of Cl, and developed pronounced haemoconcentration. There were no deleterious effects of 31 mg C/L commercial DOC on any measured aspect of trout physiology except for an increase in plasma Cl, which was probably due to elevated aqueous Cl concentrations associated with the DOM addition. No concentration of DOC used in the present study prevented Cd from being bound by trout gills, and some of these fish showed hypocalcemia; however, Cu was kept off the gills of trout exposed to metals plus DOM. Computer modelling using metal-gill binding constants simulated well the accumulation of Cd and the lack of Cu accumulation by trout gills in the presence of DOM.

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